4. Upālivaggo

1. Upālisuttavaṇṇanā

31. Catutthassa paṭhame saṅghasuṭṭhutāyātiādīsu saṅghasuṭṭhutā nāma saṅghassa suṭṭhubhāvo, ‘‘suṭṭhu devā’’ti āgataṭṭhāne viya ‘‘suṭṭhu, bhante’’ti vacanasampaṭicchanabhāvo. Yo ca tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchati, tassa taṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. Tasmā saṅghassa ‘‘suṭṭhu, bhante’’ti vacanasampaṭicchanatthaṃ paññattaṃ, asampaṭicchane ādīnavaṃ, sampaṭicchane ānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā, na balakkārena abhibhavitvāti etamatthaṃ āvikaronto āha – saṅghasuṭṭhutāyāti. Saṅghaphāsutāyāti saṅghassa phāsubhāvāya, sahajīvitāya sukhavihāratthāyāti attho.

Dummaṅkūnaṃpuggalānaṃ niggahāyāti dummaṅkūnāma dussīlapuggalā, ye maṅkutaṃ āpādiyamānāpi dukkhena āpajjanti, vītikkamaṃ karontā vā katvā vā na lajjanti, tesaṃ niggahatthāya. Te hi sikkhāpade asati ‘‘kiṃ tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ, kiṃ sutaṃ, kiṃ amhehi kataṃ, katamasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ katamaṃ āpattiṃ ropetvā amhe niggaṇhathā’’ti saṅghaṃ viheṭheyyuṃ. Sikkhāpade pana sati te saṅgho sikkhāpadaṃ dassetvā saha dhammena niggahessati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāyā’’ti.

Pesalānanti piyasīlānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihāratthāya. Piyasīlā hi bhikkhū kattabbākattabbaṃ sāvajjānavajjaṃ velaṃ mariyādañca ajānantā sikkhāttayapāripūriyā ghaṭamānā kilamanti, te pana sāvajjānavajjaṃ velaṃ mariyādañca ñatvā sikkhāpāripūriyā ghaṭamānā na kilamanti. Tena tesaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ phāsuvihārāya saṃvattatiyeva. Yo vā dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggaho, sveva tesaṃ phāsuvihāro. Dussīlapuggale nissāya hi uposathappavāraṇā na tiṭṭhanti, saṅghakammāni nappavattanti, sāmaggī na hoti, bhikkhū anekaggā uddesādīsu anuyuñjituṃ na sakkonti. Dussīlesu pana niggahitesu sabbopi ayaṃ upaddavo na hoti, tato pesalā bhikkhū phāsu viharanti. Evaṃ ‘‘pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāyā’’ti ettha dvidhā attho veditabbo.

Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāyāti diṭṭhadhammikā āsavā nāma asaṃvare ṭhitena tasmiṃyeva attabhāve pattabbā pāṇippahāradaṇḍappahārasatthappahārahatthacchedapādacchedaakittiayasavippaṭisārādayo dukkhaviseso, tesaṃ saṃvarāya pidahanāya āgamanamaggathakanāyāti attho. Samparāyikānanti samparāyikā āsavā nāma asaṃvare ṭhitena katapāpakammamūlakā samparāye narakādīsu pattabbā dukkhavisesā, tesaṃ paṭighātatthāya vūpasamatthāya.

Appasannānanti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hi sati sikkhāpadapaññattiṃ ñatvā vā, yathāpaññattaṃ paṭipajjamāne bhikkhū disvā vā, yepi appasannā paṇḍitamanussā, te ‘‘yāni vata loke mahājanassa rajjanadussanamuyhanaṭṭhānāni, tehi ime samaṇā ārakā viratā viharanti, dukkaraṃ vata karontī’’ti pasādaṃ āpajjanti vinayapiṭakapotthakaṃ disvā micchādiṭṭhikatavedibrāhmaṇā viya. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘appasannānaṃ pasādāyā’’ti.

Pasannānanti yepi sāsane pasannā kulaputtā, tepi sikkhāpadapaññattiṃ vā ñatvā, yathāpaññattaṃ paṭipajjamāne bhikkhū vā disvā ‘‘aho ayyā dukkaraṃ karonti, ye yāvajīvaṃ ekabhattā vinayasaṃvaraṃ pālentī’’ti bhiyyo bhiyyo pasīdanti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāyā’’ti.

Saddhammaṭṭhitiyāti tividho saddhammo pariyattisaddhammo paṭipattisaddhammo adhigamasaddhammoti. Tattha sakalampi buddhavacanaṃ pariyattisaddhammo nāma. Terasa dhutaguṇā cārittavārittasīlasamādhivipassanāti ayaṃ paṭipattisaddhammo nāma. Navalokuttaradhammo adhigamasaddhammo nāma. So sabbopi yasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sati bhikkhū sikkhāpadañca tassa vibhaṅgañca tadatthajotanatthaṃ aññañca buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, yathāpaññattañca paṭipajjamānā paṭipattiṃ pūretvā paṭipattiyā adhigantabbaṃ lokuttaradhammaṃ adhigacchanti, tasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā saddhammo ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘saddhammaṭṭhitiyā’’ti.

Vinayānuggahāyāti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sati saṃvaravinayo, pahānavinayo, samathavinayo, paññattivinayoti catubbidho vinayo anuggahito hoti sūpatthambhito. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘vinayānuggahāyā’’ti.