10. Uposathasuttavaṇṇanā

20. Dasame tadahuposatheti (udā. aṭṭha. 45; sārattha. ṭī. cūḷavagga 3.383) tasmiṃ uposathadivasabhūte ahani. Uposathakaraṇatthāyāti ovādapātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Uddhastaṃ aruṇanti aruṇuggamanaṃ. Uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhanti thero bhagavantaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ yāci. Tasmiṃ kāle ‘‘na, bhikkhave, anuposathe uposatho kātabbo’’ti (mahāva. 136) sikkhāpadassa apaññattattā. Kasmā pana bhagavā tiyāmarattiṃ vītināmesi ? Tato paṭṭhāya ovādapātimokkhaṃ anuddisitukāmo tassa vatthuṃ pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ. Addasāti kathaṃ addasa? Attano cetopariyañāṇena tassaṃ parisati bhikkhūnaṃ cittāni parijānanto tassa dussīlassa cittaṃ passi. Yasmā pana citte diṭṭhe taṃsamaṅgīpuggalo diṭṭho nāma hoti, tasmā ‘‘addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallānotaṃ puggalaṃ dussīla’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Yatheva hi anāgate sattasu divasesu pavattaṃ paresaṃ cittaṃ cetopariyañāṇalābhī jānāti, evaṃ atītepīti. Majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnanti saṅghapariyāpanno viya bhikkhusaṅghassa anto nisinnaṃ. Diṭṭhosīti ayaṃ na pakatattoti bhagavatā diṭṭho asi. Yasmā ca evaṃ diṭṭho, tasmā natthi te tava bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ ekakammādisaṃvāso. Yasmā pana so saṃvāso tava natthi, tasmā uṭṭhehi, āvusoti evamettha padayojanā veditabbā.

Tatiyampi kho so puggalo tuṇhī ahosīti anekavāraṃ vatvāpi ‘‘thero sayameva nibbinno oramissatī’’ti vā, ‘‘idāni imesaṃ paṭipattiṃ jānissāmī’’ti vā adhippāyena tuṇhī ahosi. Bāhāyaṃ gahetvāti ‘‘bhagavatā mayā ca yāthāvato diṭṭho, yāvatatiyaṃ ‘uṭṭhehi, āvuso’ti ca vutto na vuṭṭhāti, idānissa nikkaḍḍhanakālo, mā saṅghassa uposathantarāyo ahosī’’ti taṃ bāhāyaṃ aggahesi, tathā gahetvā. Bahi dvārakoṭṭhakā nikkhāmetvāti dvārakoṭṭhakā dvārasālāto nikkhāmetvā. Bahīti pana nikkhāmitaṭṭhānadassanaṃ. Atha vā bahidvārakoṭṭhakāti bahidvārakoṭṭhakatopi nikkhāmetvā, na antodvārakoṭṭhakato eva. Ubhayatthāpi vihārato bahikatvāti attho. Sūcighaṭikaṃ datvāti aggaḷasūciñca uparighaṭikañca ādahitvā, suṭṭhutaraṃ kavāṭaṃ thaketvāti attho. Yāva bāhāgahaṇāpi nāmāti iminā ‘‘aparisuddhā, ānanda, parisā’’ti vacanaṃ sutvā eva hi tena pakkamitabbaṃ siyā, evaṃ apakkamitvā yāva bāhāgahaṇāpi nāma so moghapuriso āgamessati, acchariyamidanti dasseti. Idañca garahanacchariyamevāti veditabbaṃ.

Atha bhagavā cintesi – ‘‘idāni bhikkhusaṅghe abbudo jāto, aparisuddhā puggalā uposathaṃ āgacchanti, na ca tathāgatā aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Anuddisante ca bhikkhusaṅghassa uposatho pacchijjati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ ito paṭṭhāya bhikkhūnaṃyeva pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyya’’nti. Evaṃ pana cintetvā bhikkhūnaṃyeva pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāni. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘atha kho bhagavā…pe… pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyāthā’’ti. Tattha na dānāhanti idāni ahaṃ uposathaṃ na karissāmi, pātimokkhaṃ na uddisissāmīti paccekaṃ na-kārena sambandho. Duvidhañhi pātimokkhaṃ – āṇāpātimokkhaṃ, ovādapātimokkhanti . Tesu ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante’’tiādikaṃ (mahāva. 134) āṇāpātimokkhaṃ. Taṃ sāvakāva uddisanti, na buddhā, yaṃ anvaddhamāsaṃ uddisīyati. ‘‘Khantī paramaṃ…pe… sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ…pe… anupavādo anupaghāto…pe… etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183-185; udā. 36; netti. 30) imā pana tisso gāthā ovādapātimokkhaṃ nāma. Taṃ buddhāva uddisanti, na sāvakā, channampi vassānaṃ accayena uddisanti. Dīghāyukabuddhānañhi dharamānakāle ayameva pātimokkhuddeso, appāyukabuddhānaṃ pana paṭhamabodhiyaṃyeva. Tato paraṃ itaro. Tañca kho bhikkhūyeva uddisanti, na buddhā, tasmā amhākampi bhagavā vīsativassamattaṃ imaṃ ovādapātimokkhaṃ uddisitvā imaṃ antarāyaṃ disvā tato paraṃ na uddisi. Aṭṭhānanti akāraṇaṃ. Anavakāsoti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Kāraṇañhi yathā tiṭṭhati ettha phalaṃ tadāyattavuttitāyāti ‘‘ṭhāna’’nti vuccati, evaṃ ‘‘avakāso’’tipi vuccati. Yanti kiriyāparāmasanaṃ.

Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddeti ko anusandhi? Yvāyaṃ aparisuddhāya parisāya pātimokkhassa anuddeso vutto, so imasmiṃ dhammavinaye acchariyo abbhuto dhammoti taṃ aparehipi sattahi acchariyabbhutadhammehi saddhiṃ vibhajitvā dassetukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva tesaṃ upamābhāvena mahāsamudde aṭṭha acchariyabbhutadhamme dassento satthā ‘‘aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde’’tiādimāha.

Uposathasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Mahāvaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.