2. Dukanipāto

1. Paṭhamavaggo

1. Uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dukanipāte natthi koci bhavo niccotiādikā āyasmato uttarattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena vicarati. Tena ca samayena satthā tassa anuggaṇhanatthaṃ vanantare aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjento. So antalikkhena gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto ākāsato oruyha suvisuddhehi vipulehi kaṇikārapupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjesi, pupphāni buddhānubhāvena satthu upari chattākārena aṭṭhaṃsu, so tena bhiyyosomattāya pasannacitto hutvā aparabhāge kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃse nibbattitvā uḷāraṃ dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto yāvatāyukaṃ tattha ṭhatvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālaputto hutvā nibbatti, uttarotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gantvā jātiyā rūpena vijjāya vayena sīlācārena ca lokassa sambhāvanīyo jāto. Tassa taṃ sampattiṃ disvā vassakāro magadhamahāmatto attano dhītaraṃ dātukāmo hutvā attano adhippāyaṃ pavedesi. So nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya taṃ paṭikkhipitvā kālena kālaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ payirupāsanto tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vattasampanno hutvā theraṃ upaṭṭhahati.

Tena ca samayena therassa aññataro ābādho uppanno, tassa bhesajjatthāya uttaro sāmaṇero pātova pattacīvaramādāya vihārato nikkhanto antarāmagge taḷākassa tīre pattaṃ ṭhapetvā udakasamīpaṃ gantvā mukhaṃ dhovati. Atha aññataro umaṅgacoro ārakkhapurisehi anubaddho aggadvāreneva nagarato nikkhamitvā palāyanto attanā gahitaṃ ratanabhaṇḍikaṃ sāmaṇerassa patte pakkhipitvā palāyi. Sāmaṇero pattasamīpaṃ upagato. Coraṃ anubandhantā rājapurisā sāmaṇerassa patte bhaṇḍikaṃ disvā, ‘‘ayaṃ coro, iminā coriyaṃ kata’’nti sāmaṇeraṃ pacchābāhaṃ bandhitvā vassakārassa brāhmaṇassa dassesuṃ. Vassakāro ca tadā rañño vinicchaye niyutto hutvā chejjabhejjaṃ anusāsati. So ‘‘pubbe mama vacanaṃ nādiyi, suddhapāsaṇḍiyesu pabbajī’’ti ca baddhāghātattā kammaṃ asodhetvāva jīvantameva taṃ sūle uttāsesi.

Athassa bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā vipphurantahatthanakhamaṇimayūkhasambhinnasitābhatāya paggharantajātihiṅgulakasuvaṇṇarasadhāraṃ viya jālāguṇṭhitamudutalunadīghaṅgulihatthaṃ uttarassa sīse ṭhapetvā, ‘‘uttara, idaṃ te purimakammassa phalaṃ uppannaṃ, tattha tayā paccavekkhaṇabalena adhivāsanā kātabbā’’ti vatvā ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Uttaro amatābhisekasadisena satthu hatthasamphassena sañjātappasādasomanassatāya uḷāraṃ pītipāmojjaṃ paṭilabhitvā yathāparicitaṃ vipassanāmaggaṃ samārūḷho ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā satthu ca desanāvilāsena tāvadeva maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbakilese khepetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.56.55-92) –

‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo;

Vivekakāmo bhagavā, himavantamupāgami.

‘‘Ajjhogāhetvā himavantaṃ, aggo kāruṇiko muni;

Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, nisīdi parisuttamo.

‘‘Vijjādharo tadā āsiṃ, antalikkhacaro ahaṃ;

Tisūlaṃ sugataṃ gayha, gacchāmi ambare tadā.

‘‘Pabbatagge yathā aggi, puṇṇamāyeva candimā;

Vanaṃ obhāsate buddho, sālarājāva phullito.

‘‘Vanaggā nikkhamitvāna, buddharaṃsībhidhāvare;

Naḷaggivaṇṇasaṅkāsā, disvā cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.

‘‘Vicinaṃ addasaṃ pupphaṃ, kaṇikāraṃ devagandhikaṃ;

Tīṇi pupphāni ādāya, buddhaseṭṭhamapūjayiṃ.

‘‘Buddhassa ānubhāvena, tīṇi pupphāni me tadā;

Uddhaṃvaṇṭā adhopattā, chāyaṃ kubbanti satthuno.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Tattha me sukataṃ byamhaṃ, kaṇikārīti ñāyati;

Saṭṭhiyojanamubbedhaṃ, tiṃsayojanavitthataṃ.

‘‘Sahassakaṇḍaṃ satabheṇḍu, dhajālu haritāmayaṃ;

Satasahassaniyyūhā, byamhe pātubhaviṃsu me.

‘‘Soṇṇamayā maṇimayā, lohitaṅkamayāpi ca;

Phalikāpi ca pallaṅkā, yenicchakā yadicchakā.

‘‘Mahārahañca sayanaṃ, tūlikā vikatīyutaṃ;

Uddhalomiñca ekantaṃ, bimbohanasamāyutaṃ.

‘‘Bhavanā nikkhamitvāna, caranto devacārikaṃ;

Yathā icchāmi gamanaṃ, devasaṅghapurakkhato.

‘‘Pupphassa heṭṭhā tiṭṭhāmi, uparicchadanaṃ mama;

Samantā yojanasataṃ, kaṇikārehi chāditaṃ.

‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhahuṃ;

Parivārenti maṃ niccaṃ, rattindivamatanditā.

‘‘Tattha naccehi gītehi, tāḷehi vāditehi ca;

Ramāmi khiḍḍā ratiyā, modāmi kāmakāmahaṃ.

‘‘Tattha bhutvā pivitvā ca, modāmi tidase tadā;

Nārīgaṇehi sahito, modāmi byamhamuttame.

‘‘Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;

Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.

‘‘Bhave bhave saṃsaranto, mahābhogaṃ labhāmahaṃ;

Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;

Aññaṃ gatiṃ na jānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye cāpi brāhmaṇe;

Nīce kule na jānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, sivikaṃ sandamānikaṃ;

Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dāsīgaṇaṃ dāsagaṇaṃ, nāriyo samalaṅkatā;

Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Koseyyakambaliyāni , khomakappāsikāni ca;

Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Navavatthaṃ navaphalaṃ, navaggarasabhojanaṃ;

Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Imaṃ khāda imaṃ bhuñja, imamhi sayane saya;

Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sabbattha pūjito homi, yaso accuggato mama;

Mahāpakkho sadā homi, abhejjapariso sadā;

Ñātīnaṃ uttamo homi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ na jānāmi, pariḷāho na vijjati;

Atho cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, hadaye me na vijjati.

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hutvāna, saṃsarāmi bhavābhave;

Vevaṇṇiyaṃ na jānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Sāvatthiyaṃ pure jāto, mahāsāle suaḍḍhake.

‘‘Pañca kāmaguṇe hitvā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Jātiyā sattavassohaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Upasampādayī buddho, guṇamaññāya cakkhumā;

Taruṇo pūjanīyohaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dibbacakkhu visuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalo ahaṃ;

Abhiññāpāramippatto, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā anuppatto, iddhipādesu kovido;

Dhammesu pāramippatto, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño puna hutvā sūlato uṭṭhahitvā parānuddayāya ākāse ṭhatvā pāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahājano acchariyabbhutacittajāto ahosi. Tāvadevassa vaṇo saṃrūḷhi, so bhikkhūhi, ‘‘āvuso, tādisaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavanto kathaṃ tvaṃ vipassanaṃ anuyuñjituṃ asakkhī’’ti puṭṭho, ‘‘pageva me, āvuso, saṃsāre ādīnavo, saṅkhārānañca sabhāvo sudiṭṭho, evāhaṃ tādisaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavantopi asakkhiṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā visesaṃ adhigantu’’nti dassento –

121.

‘‘Natthi koci bhavo nicco, saṅkhārā vāpi sassatā;

Uppajjanti ca te khandhā, cavanti aparāparaṃ.

122.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, bhavenamhi anatthiko;

Nissaṭo sabbakāmehi, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. –

Imaṃ gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha natthi koci bhavo niccoti kammabhavo upapattibhavo kāmabhavo rūpabhavo arūpabhavo saññībhavo asaññībhavo nevasaññīnāsaññībhavo ekavokārabhavo catuvokārabhavo pañcavokārabhavoti evaṃbhedo, tatthāpi hīno majjhimo ukkaṭṭho dīghāyuko sukhabahulo vomissasukhadukkhoti evaṃvibhāgo yokoci nicco dhuvo thiro apalokiyadhammo natthi taṃ taṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca samuppannattā. Yasmā ca etadevaṃ, tasmā saṅkhārā vāpi sassatā natthīti yojanā. Paccayehi saṅkhatattā ‘‘saṅkhārā’’ti laddhanāme hi pañcakkhandhe upādāya bhavasamaññāya saṅkhārāva hutvā sambhūtā jarāmaraṇena ca vipariṇamantīti asassatā vipariṇāmadhammā. Tathā hi te ‘‘saṅkhārā’’ti vuccanti. Tenāha uppajjanti ca te khandhā, cavanti aparāparanti. Te bhavapariyāyena saṅkhārapariyāyena ca vuttā pañcakkhandhā yathāpaccayaṃ aparāparaṃ uppajjanti, uppannā ca jarāya paripīḷitā hutvā cavanti paribhijjantīti attho. Etena ‘‘bhavo, saṅkhārā’’ti ca laddhavohārā pañcakkhandhā udayabbayasabhāvāti dasseti. Yasmā tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhāre sammasantassa tayopi bhavā ādittaṃ viya saṅkhate ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ pageva vipassanāpaññāya jānitvā aniccalakkhaṇehi diṭṭhā saṅkhārā dukkhānattā vibhūtatarā upaṭṭhahanti, tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15).

Yasmā tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhāre sammasantassa tayopi bhavā ādittaṃ viya agāraṃ sappaṭibhayā upaṭṭhahanti, tasmā āha ‘‘bhavenamhi anatthiko’’ti. Evaṃ pana sabbaso bhavehi vinivattiyamānassa kāmesu apekkhāya lesopi na sambhavatiyeva, tenāha ‘‘nissaṭo sabbakāmehī’’ti, amhīti yojanā. Mānusehi viya dibbehipi kāmehi nivattitacittosmīti attho. Patto me āsavakkhayoti yasmā evaṃ suparimajjitasaṅkhāro bhavesu suparidiṭṭhādīnavo kāmesu ca anāsattamānaso tasmā sūlamatthake nisinnenāpi me mayā patto adhigato āsavakkhayo nibbānaṃ arahattañcāti. Aññehi ca sabrahmacārīhi appattamānasehi tadadhigamāya ussāho karaṇīyoti bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.

Uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.