| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Aṅguttara Nikāya, English translation |
अङ्गुत्तर निकाय ८।४३
Aṅguttara Nikāya 8.43
Numbered Discourses 8.43
५। उपोसथवग्ग
5. Uposathavagga
5. Uposatha
विसाखासुत्त
Visākhāsutta
With Visākhā on the Uposatha day
एकं समयं भगवा सावत्थियं विहरति पुब्बारामे मिगारमातुपासादे। अथ खो विसाखा मिगारमाता येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नं खो विसाखं मिगारमातरं भगवा एतदवोच:
Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho visākhaṁ migāramātaraṁ bhagavā etadavoca:
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the Eastern Monastery, the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother. Then Visākhā, Migāra’s mother, went up to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to her:
“अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतो खो, विसाखे, उपोसथो उपवुत्थो महप्फलो होति महानिसंसो महाजुतिको महाविप्फारो। कथं उपवुत्थो च, विसाखे, अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतो उपोसथो महप्फलो होति महानिसंसो महाजुतिको महाविप्फारो? इध, विसाखे, अरियसावको इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘यावजीवं अरहन्तो पाणातिपातं पहाय पाणातिपाता पटिविरता निहितदण्डा निहितसत्था लज्जी दयापन्ना, सब्बपाणभूतहितानुकम्पिनो विहरन्ति। अहम्पज्ज इमञ्च रत्तिं इमञ्च दिवसं पाणातिपातं पहाय पाणातिपाता पटिविरतो निहितदण्डो निहितसत्थो लज्जी दयापन्नो, सब्बपाणभूतहितानुकम्पी विहरामि। इमिनापङ्गेन अरहतं अनुकरोमि, उपोसथो च मे उपवुत्थो भविस्सतीऽति। इमिना पठमेन अङ्गेन समन्नागतो होति …पे…।
“aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato kho, visākhe, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro. Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, visākhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘yāvajīvaṁ arahanto pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampino viharanti. Ahampajja imañca rattiṁ imañca divasaṁ pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi. Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā paṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti …pe….
“Visākhā, the observance of the Uposatha day with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful. And how should it be observed? It’s when a noble disciple reflects: ‘As long as they live, the perfected ones give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They are scrupulous and kind, and live full of compassion for all living beings. I, too, for this day and night will give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. I’ll be scrupulous and kind, and live full of compassion for all living beings. I will observe the Uposatha day by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’ This is its first factor. …
‘यावजीवं अरहन्तो उच्चासयनमहासयनं पहाय उच्चासयनमहासयना पटिविरता नीचसेय्यं कप्पेन्ति—मञ्चके वा तिणसन्थारके वा। अहम्पज्ज इमञ्च रत्तिं इमञ्च दिवसं उच्चासयनमहासयनं पहाय उच्चासयनमहासयना पटिविरतो नीचसेय्यं कप्पेमि—मञ्चके वा तिणसन्थारके वा। इमिनापङ्गेन अरहतं अनुकरोमि, उपोसथो च मे उपवुत्थो भविस्सतीऽति। इमिना अट्ठमेन अङ्गेन समन्नागतो होति। एवं उपवुत्थो खो, विसाखे, अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतो उपोसथो महप्फलो होति महानिसंसो महाजुतिको महाविप्फारो।
‘Yāvajīvaṁ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṁ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṁ kappenti—mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Ahampajja imañca rattiṁ imañca divasaṁ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṁ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṁ kappemi—mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā aṭṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti. Evaṁ upavuttho kho, visākhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.
‘As long as they live, the perfected ones give up high and luxurious beds. They sleep in a low place, either a small bed or a straw mat. I, too, for this day and night will give up high and luxurious beds. I’ll sleep in a low place, either a small bed or a straw mat. I will observe the Uposatha day by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’ This is its eighth factor. The observance of the Uposatha day with its eight factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.
कीवमहप्फलो होति, कीवमहानिसंसो, कीवमहाजुतिको, कीवमहाविप्फारो? सेय्यथापि, विसाखे, यो इमेसं सोळसन्नं महाजनपदानं पहूतरत्तरतनानं इस्सरियाधिपच्चं रज्जं कारेय्य, सेय्यथिदं—अङ्गानं मगधानं कासीनं कोसलानं वज्जीनं मल्लानं चेतीनं वङ्गानं कुरूनं पञ्चालानं मच्छानं सूरसेनानं अस्सकानं अवन्तीनं गन्धारानं कम्बोजानं, अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतस्स उपोसथस्स एतं कलं नाग्घति सोळसिं। तं किस्स हेतु? कपणं, विसाखे, मानुसकं रज्जं दिब्बं सुखं उपनिधाय।
Kīvamahapphalo hoti, kīvamahānisaṁso, kīvamahājutiko, kīvamahāvipphāro? Seyyathāpi, visākhe, yo imesaṁ soḷasannaṁ mahājanapadānaṁ pahūtarattaratanānaṁ issariyādhipaccaṁ rajjaṁ kāreyya, seyyathidaṁ—aṅgānaṁ magadhānaṁ kāsīnaṁ kosalānaṁ vajjīnaṁ mallānaṁ cetīnaṁ vaṅgānaṁ kurūnaṁ pañcālānaṁ macchānaṁ sūrasenānaṁ assakānaṁ avantīnaṁ gandhārānaṁ kambojānaṁ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṁ kalaṁ nāgghati soḷasiṁ. Taṁ kissa hetu? Kapaṇaṁ, visākhe, mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya.
How much so? Suppose you were to rule as sovereign lord over these sixteen great countries—Aṅga, Magadha, Kāsi, Kosala, Vajji, Malla, Cetī, Vaccha, Kuru, Pañcāla, Maccha, Sūrasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhāra, and Kamboja—full of the seven kinds of precious things. This wouldn’t be worth a sixteenth part of the Uposatha day with its eight factors. Why is that? Because human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.
यानि, विसाखे, मानुसकानि पञ्ञास वस्सानि, चातुमहाराजिकानं देवानं एसो एको रत्तिन्दिवो। ताय रत्तिया तिंसरत्तियो मासो। तेन मासेन द्वादसमासियो संवच्छरो। तेन संवच्छरेन दिब्बानि पञ्च वस्ससतानि चातुमहाराजिकानं देवानं आयुप्पमाणं। ठानं खो पनेतं, विसाखे, विज्जति यं इधेकच्चो इत्थी वा पुरिसो वा अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतं उपोसथं उपवसित्वा कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा चातुमहाराजिकानं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जेय्य। इदं खो पनेतं, विसाखे, सन्धाय भासितं: ‘कपणं मानुसकं रज्जं दिब्बं सुखं उपनिधायऽ।
Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni, cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo. Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni pañca vassasatāni cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ. Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya. Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
Fifty years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods of the Four Great Kings. Thirty such days make up a month. Twelve such months make up a year. The life span of the Gods of the Four Great Kings is five hundred of these divine years. It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored Uposatha day will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings. This is what I was referring to when I said: ‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
यं, विसाखे, मानुसकं वस्ससतं, तावतिंसानं देवानं एसो एको रत्तिन्दिवो। ताय रत्तिया तिंसरत्तियो मासो। तेन मासेन द्वादसमासियो संवच्छरो। तेन संवच्छरेन वस्ससहस्सं तावतिंसानं देवानं आयुप्पमाणं। ठानं खो पनेतं, विसाखे, विज्जति यं इधेकच्चो इत्थी वा पुरिसो वा अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतं उपोसथं उपवसित्वा कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा तावतिंसानं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जेय्य। इदं खो पनेतं, विसाखे, सन्धाय भासितं: ‘कपणं मानुसकं रज्जं दिब्बं सुखं उपनिधायऽ।
Yaṁ, visākhe, mānusakaṁ vassasataṁ, tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo. Tena saṁvaccharena vassasahassaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ. Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya. Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāya’.
A hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods of the Thirty-Three. Thirty such days make up a month. Twelve such months make up a year. The life span of the Gods of the Thirty-Three is a thousand of these divine years. It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored Uposatha day will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Thirty-Three. This is what I was referring to when I said: ‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
यानि, विसाखे, मानुसकानि द्वे वस्ससतानि …पे…
Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni dve vassasatāni …pe…
Two hundred years in the human realm …
चत्तारि वस्ससतानि …पे…
cattāri vassasatāni …pe…
Four hundred years in the human realm …
अट्ठ वस्ससतानि …पे…
aṭṭha vassasatāni …pe…
Eight hundred years in the human realm …
सोळस वस्ससतानि परनिम्मितवसवत्तीनं देवानं एसो एको रत्तिन्दिवो। ताय रत्तिया तिंसरत्तियो मासो। तेन मासेन द्वादसमासियो संवच्छरो। तेन संवच्छरेन दिब्बानि सोळस वस्ससहस्सानि परनिम्मितवसवत्तीनं देवानं आयुप्पमाणं। ठानं खो पनेतं, विसाखे, विज्जति यं इधेकच्चो इत्थी वा पुरिसो वा अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतं उपोसथं उपवसित्वा कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा परनिम्मितवसवत्तीनं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जेय्य। इदं खो पनेतं, विसाखे, सन्धाय भासितं: ‘कपणं मानुसकं रज्जं दिब्बं सुखं उपनिधायाऽति।
soḷasa vassasatāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṁsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṁvaccharo. Tena saṁvaccharena dibbāni soḷasa vassasahassāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ. Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya. Idaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘kapaṇaṁ mānusakaṁ rajjaṁ dibbaṁ sukhaṁ upanidhāyā’ti.
Sixteen hundred years in the human realm is one day and night for the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others. Thirty such days make up a month. Twelve such months make up a year. The life span of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others is sixteen thousand of these divine years. It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored Uposatha day will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others. This is what I was referring to when I said: ‘Human kingship is a poor thing compared to the happiness of the gods.’
पाणं न हञ्ञे न चदिन्नमादिये, मुसा न भासे न च मज्जपो सिया; अब्रह्मचरिया विरमेय्य मेथुना, रत्तिं न भुञ्जेय्य विकालभोजनं।
Pāṇaṁ na haññe na cadinnamādiye, Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā; Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā, Rattiṁ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṁ.
You shouldn’t kill living creatures, or steal, or lie, or drink alcohol. Be celibate, refraining from sex, and don’t eat at night, the wrong time.
मालं न धारे न च गन्धमाचरे, मञ्चे छमायं व सयेथ सन्थते; एतञ्हि अट्ठङ्गिकमाहुपोसथं, बुद्धेन दुक्खन्तगुना पकासितं।
Mālaṁ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare, Mañce chamāyaṁ va sayetha santhate; Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṁ, Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsitaṁ.
Not wearing garlands or applying perfumes, you should sleep on a low bed,
चन्दो च सुरियो च उभो सुदस्सना, ओभासयं अनुपरियन्ति यावता; तमोनुदा ते पन अन्तलिक्खगा, नभे पभासन्ति दिसाविरोचना।
Cando ca suriyo ca ubho sudassanā, Obhāsayaṁ anupariyanti yāvatā; Tamonudā te pana antalikkhagā, Nabhe pabhāsanti disāvirocanā.
The moon and sun are both fair to see, radiating as far as they revolve. Those shining ones in the sky light up the quarters, dispelling the darkness as they traverse the heavens.
एतस्मिं यं विज्जति अन्तरे धनं, मुत्ता मणि वेळुरियञ्च भद्दकं; सिङ्गीसुवण्णं अथ वापि कञ्चनं, यं जातरूपं हटकन्ति वुच्चति।
Etasmiṁ yaṁ vijjati antare dhanaṁ, Muttā maṇi veḷuriyañca bhaddakaṁ; Siṅgīsuvaṇṇaṁ atha vāpi kañcanaṁ, Yaṁ jātarūpaṁ haṭakanti vuccati.
All of the wealth that’s found in this realm—pearls, gems, fine beryl too, rose-gold or pure gold, or natural gold dug up by marmots—
अट्ठङ्गुपेतस्स उपोसथस्स, कलम्पि ते नानुभवन्ति सोळसिं; चन्दप्पभा तारगणा च सब्बे।
Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa, Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṁ; Candappabhā tāragaṇā ca sabbe.
they’re not worth a sixteenth part of the Uposatha day with its eight factors, as starlight cannot rival the moon.
तस्मा हि नारी च नरो च सीलवा, अट्ठङ्गुपेतं उपवस्सुपोसथं; पुञ्ञानि कत्वान सुखुद्रयानि, अनिन्दिता सग्गमुपेन्ति ठानन्”ति।
Tasmā hi nārī ca naro ca sīlavā, Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṁ upavassuposathaṁ; Puññāni katvāna sukhudrayāni, Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhānan”ti.
So an ethical woman or man, who has observed the eight-factored Uposatha day, having made merit whose outcome is happiness, blameless, they go to a heavenly place.”
ततियं।
Tatiyaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Aṅguttara Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
