2. Dutiyavaggo

1. Vitakkasuttavaṇṇanā

38. Dutiyavaggassa paṭhame tathāgataṃ, bhikkhaveti ettha tathāgata-saddo tāva sattavohārasammāsambuddhādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.65) sattavohāre.

‘‘Tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ,

Buddhaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti. (khu. pā. 6.16) –

Ādīsu sammāsambuddhe.

‘‘Tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ,

Dhammaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti. (khu. pā. 6.17) –

Ādīsu dhamme.

‘‘Tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ,

Saṅghaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti. (khu. pā. 6.18) –

Ādīsu saṅghe. Idha pana sammāsambuddhe. Tasmā tathāgatanti ettha aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgatoti vuccati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Tathā āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathavāditāya tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti.

Kathaṃ bhagavā tathā āgatoti tathāgato? Yathā yena abhinīhārena dānapāramiṃ pūretvā sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā imā dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā aṅgapariccāgaṃ, attapariccāgaṃ, dhanapariccāgaṃ, dārapariccāgaṃ, rajjapariccāganti imāni pañca mahāpariccāgāni pariccajitvā yathā vipassiādayo sammāsambuddhā āgatā , tathā amhākaṃ bhagavāpi āgatoti tathāgato. Yathāha –

‘‘Yatheva lokamhi vipassiādayo,

Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā;

Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato,

Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā’’ti. –

Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yathā sampatijātāva vipassiādayo samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukhā sattapadavītihārena gatā, tathā amhākaṃ bhagavāpi gatoti tathāgato. Yathāhu –

‘‘Muhuttajātova gavaṃpatī yathā,

Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ;

So vikkamī satta padāni gotamo,

Setañca chattaṃ anudhārayuṃ marū.

‘‘Gantvāna so satta padāni gotamo,

Disā vilokesi samā samantato;

Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giramabbhudīrayi,

Sīho yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito’’ti. –

Evaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato? Sabbesaṃ rūpārūpadhammānaṃ salakkhaṇaṃ, sāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ, tathaṃ, avitathaṃ, ñāṇagatiyā āgato, avirajjhitvā patto, anubuddhoti tathāgato. Yathāha –

‘‘Sabbesaṃ pana dhammānaṃ, sakasāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ;

Tathamevāgato yasmā, tasmā nātho tathāgato’’ti. –

Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato? Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni. Yathāha ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? Idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccanti , bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathameta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090) vitthāro. Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmāpi tathānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato. Abhisambuddhattho hi ettha gata-saddo. Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato? Yaṃ sadevake loke…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ bhagavā sabbākārato jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā passatā cānena taṃ iṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānapadavasena vā ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ, yaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītaka’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa nayo sotadvārādīsu āpāthamāgacchantesu saddādīsu. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi…pe… tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī’’ti (a. ni. 4.24).

Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato. Ettha tathadassiatthe tathāgatoti padassa sambhavo veditabbo.

Kathaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato? Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇakāle yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ suttageyyādi, sabbaṃ taṃ parisuddhaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ rāgamadādinimmadanaṃ ekasadisaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Tenāha –

‘‘Yañca, cunda, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti, no aññathā. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188; a. ni. 4.23).

Gadaattho hi ettha gatasaddo. Evaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato. Apica āgadanaṃ āgado, vacananti attho. Tatho aviparīto āgado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti, evampettha padasiddhi veditabbā.

Kathaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato? Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi, kāyassapi vācā. Tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃbhūtassa cassa yathā vācā, kāyopi tathā gato pavatto. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatāti tathāgato. Tenāha ‘‘yathāvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti. Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato.

Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato? Yasmā bhagavā upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ karitvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi vimuttiñāṇadassanenapi, na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi, atha kho atulo appameyyo anuttaro devānaṃ atidevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā sabbasattuttamo, tasmā tathāgato. Tenāha –

‘‘Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… manussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthu daso vasavattī, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188; a. ni. 4.23).

Tatrāyaṃ padasiddhi – agado viya agado, desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca. Tena hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko viya dibbāgadena sappe, sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti sabbalokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto yathāvutto agado etassāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo. Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato.

Apica tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathaṃ gatoti tathāgato. Tattha sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato, lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato, lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato adhigatoti tathāgato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Loko, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho. Lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa…pe… sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Aparehipi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato. Tathāya āgatoti tathāgato, tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathāni āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathāvidhoti tathāgato, tathāpavattikoti tathāgato, tathehi āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatabhāvena tathāgatoti.

Kathaṃ tathāya āgatoti tathāgato? Yā sā bhagavatā sumedhabhūtena dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūle –

‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;

Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;

Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –

Evaṃ vuttaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ abhinīhāraṃ sampādentena ‘‘ahaṃ sadevakaṃ lokaṃ tiṇṇo tāressāmi, mutto mocessāmi, danto damessāmi, assattho assāsessāmi, parinibbuto parinibbāpessāmi , suddho sodhessāmi , buddho bodhessāmī’’ti mahāpaṭiññā pavattitā. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –

‘‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;

Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.

‘‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame;

Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave;

Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.

‘‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha;

Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 55-58);

Taṃ panetaṃ mahāpaṭiññaṃ sakalassapi buddhakaradhammasamudāyassa pavicayapaccavekkhaṇasamādānānaṃ kāraṇabhūtaṃ avisaṃvādento lokanātho yasmā mahākappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesato dānapāramiādayo samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā, aṅgapariccāgādayo pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā, saccādhiṭṭhānādīni cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni paribrūhetvā, puññañāṇasambhāre sambharitvā pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo ukkaṃsāpetvā, buddhicariyaṃ paramakoṭiṃ pāpetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi; tasmā tasseva sā mahāpaṭiññā tathā avitathā anaññathā, na tassa vālaggamattampi vitathaṃ atthi. Tathā hi dīpaṅkaro dasabalo koṇḍañño, maṅgalo…pe… kassapo bhagavāti ime catuvīsati sammāsambuddhā paṭipāṭiyā uppannā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti naṃ byākariṃsu. Evaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇo ye te katābhinīhārehi bodhisattehi laddhabbā ānisaṃsā, te labhitvāva āgatoti tāya yathāvuttāya mahāpaṭiññāya tathāya abhisambuddhabhāvaṃ āgato adhigatoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāya āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāya gatoti tathāgato? Yāyaṃ mahākaruṇā lokanāthassa, yāya mahādukkhasambādhappaṭipannaṃ sattanikāyaṃ disvā ‘‘tassa natthañño koci paṭisaraṇaṃ, ahameva naṃ ito saṃsāradukkhato mutto mocessāmī’’ti samussāhitamānaso mahābhinīhāraṃ akāsi. Katvā ca yathāpaṇidhānaṃ sakalalokahitasampādanāya ussukkamāpanno attano kāyajīvitanirapekkho paresaṃ sotapathagamanamattenapi cittutrāsasamuppādikā atidukkarā dukkaracariyā samācaranto yathā mahābodhisattānaṃ paṭipatti hānabhāgiyā saṃkilesabhāgiyā ṭhitibhāgiyā vā na hoti, atha kho uttari visesabhāgiyāva hoti, tathā paṭipajjamāno anupubbena niravasese bodhisambhāre samānetvā abhisambodhiṃ pāpuṇi. Tato parañca tāyeva mahākaruṇāya sañcoditamānaso pavivekaratiṃ paramañca santaṃ vimokkhasukhaṃ pahāya bālajanabahule loke tehi samuppāditaṃ sammānāvamānavippakāraṃ agaṇetvā veneyyajanavinayanena niravasesaṃ buddhakiccaṃ niṭṭhapesi. Tatra yo bhagavato sattesu mahākaruṇāya samokkamanākāro, so parato āvi bhavissati. Yathā buddhabhūtassa lokanāthassa sattesu mahākaruṇā, evaṃ bodhisattabhūtassapi mahābhinīhārakālādīsūti sabbattha sabbadā ca ekasadisatāya tathāva sā avitathā anaññathā. Tasmā tīsupi avatthāsu sabbasattesu samānarasāya tathāya mahākaruṇāya sakalalokahitāya gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāya gatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāni āgatoti tathāgato? Tathāni nāma cattāri ariyamaggañāṇāni. Tāni hi ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, ayaṃ dukkhanirodho, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti evaṃ sabbañeyyasaṅgāhakānaṃ pavattinivattitadubhayahetubhūtānaṃ catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ, dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho, samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhaṭṭho, nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho, maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetvaṭṭho dassanaṭṭho adhipateyyaṭṭhotiādīnaṃ tabbibhāgānañca yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodhavibandhakassa saṃkilesapakkhassa samucchindanena paṭiladdhāya tattha asammohābhisamayasaṅkhātāya aviparītākārappavattiyā dhammānaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tāni bhagavā anaññaneyyo sayameva āgato adhigato, tasmā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Yathā ca maggañāṇāni, evaṃ bhagavato tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇāni catupaṭisambhidāñāṇāni catuvesārajjañāṇāni pañcagatiparicchedañāṇāni chaasādhāraṇañāṇāni sattabojjhaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni aṭṭhamaggaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni navānupubbavihārasamāpattiñāṇāni dasabalañāṇāni ca vibhāvetabbāni.

Tatrāyaṃ vibhāvanā – yañhi kiñci aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ hīnādibhedabhinnānaṃ hīnādibhedabhinnāsu atītāsu khandhāyatanadhātūsu sabhāvakiccādi avatthāvisesādi khandhapaṭibaddhanāmagottādi ca jānitabbaṃ. Anindriyabaddhesu ca atisukhumatirohitavidūradesesu rūpadhammesu yo taṃtaṃpaccayavisesehi saddhiṃ paccayuppannānaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandharasaphassādiviseso, tattha sabbattheva hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalako viya paccakkhato asaṅgamappaṭihataṃ bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tathā anāgatāsu paccuppannāsu cāti imāni tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇāni nāma. Yathāha –

‘‘Atītaṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.5).

Tāni panetāni tattha tattha dhammānaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tāni bhagavā sayambhuñāṇena adhigañchi. Evaṃ tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā atthapaṭisambhidā, dhammapaṭisambhidā, niruttipaṭisambhidā, paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā. Tattha atthapabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ atthe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Dhammapabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ dhamme pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Niruttipabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ niruttābhilāpe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā. Paṭibhānapabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ paṭibhāne pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Atthe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dhamme ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā, ñāṇesu ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718).

Ettha ca hetuanusārena araṇīyato adhigantabbato ca saṅkhepato hetuphalaṃ attho nāma. Pabhedato pana yaṃkiñci paccayuppannaṃ, nibbānaṃ, bhāsitattho, vipāko, kiriyāti ime pañca dhammā attho. Taṃ atthaṃ paccavekkhantassa tasmiṃ atthe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Dhammoti saṅkhepato paccayo. So hi yasmā taṃ taṃ atthaṃ vidahati pavatteti ceva pāpeti ca, tasmā dhammoti vuccati. Pabhedato pana yo koci phalanibbattako hetu, ariyamaggo, bhāsitaṃ, kusalaṃ, akusalanti ime pañca dhammā dhammo, taṃ dhammaṃ paccavekkhantassa tasmiṃ dhamme pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘Dukkhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 719).

Atha vā hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Ye dhammā jātā bhūtā sañjātā nibbattā abhinibbattā pātubhūtā, imesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā. Yamhā dhammā te dhammā jātā bhūtā sañjātā nibbattā abhinibbattā pātubhūtā, tesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Jarāmaraṇe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, jarāmaraṇasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Jarāmaraṇanirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Jātiyā, bhave, upādāne, taṇhāya, vedanāya, phasse, saḷāyatane, nāmarūpe, viññāṇe, saṅkhāresu ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, saṅkhārasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā. Saṅkhāranirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā , saṅkhāranirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā.

‘‘Idha bhikkhu dhammaṃ jānāti – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati dhammapaṭisambhidā. So tassa tasseva bhāsitassa atthaṃ jānāti – ‘ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho, ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho’ti, ayaṃ vuccati atthapaṭisambhidā (vibha. 724).

‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… dhammārammaṇaṃ vā yaṃ yaṃ vā panārabbha, tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti…pe… avikkhepo hoti. Ime dhammā kusalā. Imesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, tesaṃ vipāke ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’tiādi vitthāro (vibha. 725).

Tasmiṃ atthe ca dhamme ca sabhāvanirutti abyabhicāravohāro abhilāpo, tasmiṃ sabhāvaniruttābhilāpe māgadhikāya sabbasattānaṃ mūlabhāsāya ‘‘ayaṃ sabhāvanirutti, ayaṃ na sabhāvaniruttī’’ti pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā. Yathāvuttesu tesu ñāṇesu gocarakiccādivasena vitthārato pavattaṃ sabbampi ñāṇamārammaṇaṃ katvā paccavekkhantassa tasmiṃ ñāṇe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Iti imāni cattāri paṭisambhidāñāṇāni sayameva bhagavatā adhigatāni atthadhammādike tasmiṃ tasmiṃ attano visaye avisaṃvādanavasena aviparītākārappavattiyā tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā yaṃ kiñci ñeyyaṃ nāma, sabbaṃ taṃ bhagavatā sabbākārena ñātaṃ diṭṭhaṃ adhigataṃ abhisambuddhaṃ. Tathā hissa abhiññeyyā dhammā abhiññeyyato buddhā, pariññeyyā dhammā pariññeyyato buddhā, pahātabbā dhammā pahātabbato buddhā, sacchikātabbā dhammā sacchikātabbato buddhā, bhāvetabbā dhammā bhāvetabbato buddhā, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā ‘‘ime nāma te dhammā anabhisambuddhā’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi.

Yaṃ kiñci pahātabbaṃ nāma, sabbaṃ taṃ bhagavatā anavasesato bodhimūleyeva pahīnaṃ anuppattidhammaṃ, na tassa pahānāya uttari karaṇīyaṃ atthi . Tathā hissa lobhadosamohaviparītamanasikāraahirikānottappathinamiddha- kodhūpanāhamakkhapalāsaissāmacchariya- māyāsāṭheyyathambhasārambhamānātimānamadapamādatividhākusalamūladuccarita- visamasaññāmalavitakkapapañcaesanātaṇhācatubbidhavipariyesaāsava- ganthaoghayogāgatitaṇhupādānapañcābhinandananīvaraṇa- cetokhilacetasovinibandhachavivādamūlasattānusaya- aṭṭhamicchattanavaāghātavatthutaṇhāmūlakadasaakusala- kammapathaekavīsatianesanadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigataaṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritādippabhedaṃ diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ saha vāsanāya pahīnaṃ samucchinnaṃ samūhataṃ, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā…pe… brahmā vā ‘‘ime nāma te kilesā appahīnā’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi.

Ye cime bhagavatā kammavipākakilesūpavādaāṇāvītikkamappabhedā antarāyikā dhammā vuttā, alameva te ekantena antarāyāya, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā…pe… brahmā vā ‘‘nālaṃ te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi.

Yo ca bhagavatā niravasesavaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇāya sīlasamādhipaññāsaṅgaho sattakoṭṭhāsiko sattatiṃsappabhedo ariyamaggapubbaṅgamo anuttaro niyyānadhammo desito, so ekanteneva niyyāti paṭipannassa vaṭṭadukkhato, yato naṃ koci samaṇo vā…pe… brahmā vā ‘‘niyyānadhammo tayā desito na niyyātī’’ti saha dhammena anuyuñjituṃ samattho natthi. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.150) vitthāro. Evametāni attano ñāṇappahānadesanāvisesānaṃ avitathabhāvāvabodhanato aviparītākārappavattāni bhagavato catuvesārajjañāṇāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā nirayagati, tiracchānagati, petagati, manussagati, devagatīti pañca gatiyo. Tāsu sañjīvādayo aṭṭha mahānirayā , kukkuḷādayo soḷasa ussadanirayā, lokantarikanirayo cāti sabbepime ekantadukkhatāya nirassādaṭṭhena nirayā ca, sakakammunā gantabbato gati cāti nirayagati. Tibbandhakārasītanarakāpi etesveva antogadhā kimikīṭapaṭaṅgasarīsapapakkhisoṇasiṅgālādayo tiriyaṃ añchitabhāvena tiracchānā nāma. Te eva gatīti tiracchānagati. Khuppipāsitaparadattūpajīvinijjhāmataṇhikādayo dukkhabahulatāya pakaṭṭhasukhato itā vigatāti petā, te eva gatīti petagati. Kālakañcikādiasurāpi etesveva antogadhā. Parittadīpavāsīhi saddhiṃ jambudīpādicatumahādīpavāsino manaso ussannatāya manussā, te eva gatīti manussagati. Cātumahārājikato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagāti ime chabbīsati devanikāyā dibbanti attano iddhānubhāvena kīḷanti jotenti cāti devā, te eva gatīti devagati.

Tā panetā gatiyo yasmā taṃtaṃkammanibbatto upapattibhavaviseso, tasmā atthato vipākakkhandhā kaṭattā ca rūpaṃ. Tattha ‘‘ayaṃ nāma gati nāma iminā kammunā jāyati, tassa kammassa paccayavisesehi evaṃ vibhāgabhinnattā visuṃ ete sattanikāyā evaṃ vibhāgabhinnā’’ti yathāsakaṃhetuphalavibhāgaparicchindanavasena ṭhānaso hetuso bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Pañca kho imā, sāriputta, gatiyo. Katamā pañca? Nirayo, tiracchānayoni, pettivisayo, manussā, devā. Nirayañcāhaṃ, sāriputta, pajānāmi, nirayagāmiñca maggaṃ, nirayagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ; yathā paṭipanno ca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, tañca pajānāmī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.153).

Tāni panetāni bhagavato ñāṇāni tasmiṃ tasmiṃ visaye aviparītākārappavattiyā avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā yaṃ sattānaṃ saddhādiyogavikalabhāvāvabodhena apparajakkhamahārajakkhatādivisesavibhāvanaṃ paññāsāya ākārehi pavattaṃ bhagavato indriyaparopariyattañāṇaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘saddho puggalo apparajakkho, assaddho puggalo mahārajakkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.111) vitthāro.

Yañca ‘‘ayaṃ puggalo apparajakkho, ayaṃ sassatadiṭṭhiko, ayaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiko, ayaṃ anulomikāyaṃ khantiyaṃ ṭhito, ayaṃ yathābhūtañāṇe ṭhito, ayaṃ kāmāsayo, na nekkhammādiāsayo, ayaṃ nekkhammāsayo, na kāmādiāsayo’’tiādinā ‘‘imassa kāmarāgo ativiya thāmagato, na paṭighādiko, imassa paṭigho ativiya thāmagato, na kāmarāgādiko’’tiādinā ‘‘imassa puññābhisaṅkhāro adhiko, na apuññābhisaṅkhāro na āneñjābhisaṅkhāro, imassa apuññābhisaṅkhāro adhiko, na puññābhisaṅkhāro na āneñjābhisaṅkhāro, imassa āneñjābhisaṅkhāro adhiko, na puññābhisaṅkhāro na apuññābhisaṅkhāro. Imassa kāyasucaritaṃ adhikaṃ, imassa vacīsucaritaṃ, imassa manosucaritaṃ. Ayaṃ hīnādhimuttiko, ayaṃ paṇītādhimuttiko, ayaṃ kammāvaraṇena samannāgato, ayaṃ kilesāvaraṇena samannāgato, ayaṃ vipākāvaraṇena samannāgato, ayaṃ na kammāvaraṇena samannāgato, na kilesāvaraṇena, na vipākāvaraṇena samannāgato’’tiādinā ca sattānaṃ āsayādīnaṃ yathābhūtaṃ vibhāvanākārappavattaṃ bhagavato āsayānusayañāṇaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘Idha tathāgato sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, bhabbābhabbe satte jānātī’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.113).

Yañca uparimaheṭṭhimapuratthimapacchimakāyehi dakkhiṇavāmaakkhikaṇṇasotanāsikāsotaaṃsakūṭapassahatthapādehi aṅgulaṅgulantarehi lomalomakūpehi ca aggikkhandhūdakadhārāpavattanaṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ vividhavikubbaniddhinimmāpanakaṃ bhagavato yamakapāṭihāriyañāṇaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘Idha tathāgato yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ karoti asādhāraṇaṃ sāvakehi. Uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati. Heṭṭhimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, uparimakāyato udakadhārā pavattatī’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.116).

Yañca rāgādīhi jātiādīhi ca anekehi dukkhadhammehi upaddutaṃ sattanikāyaṃ tato nīharitukāmatāvasena nānānayehi pavattassa bhagavato mahākaruṇokkamanassa paccayabhūtaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇaṃ. Yathāha –

‘‘Katamaṃ tathāgatassa mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇaṃ? Bahukehi ākārehi passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati, āditto lokasannivāsoti passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamatī’’ti. –

Ādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.117) ekūnanavutiyā ākārehi vibhajanaṃ kataṃ.

Yaṃ pana yāvatā dhammadhātu, yattakaṃ ñātabbaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhatādi, tassa sabbassa paropadesena vinā sabbākārato paṭijānanasamatthaṃ ākaṅkhāmattappaṭibaddhavutti anaññasādhāraṇaṃ bhagavato ñāṇaṃ sabbathā anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutisaccāvabodhato sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tatthāvaraṇābhāvatova nissaṅgappavattiṃ upādāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti ca vuccati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana parato āvi bhavissati.

Evametāni bhagavato cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni aviparītākārappavattiyā yathāsakaṃvisayassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā ‘‘sattime, bhikkhave, bojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.17; saṃ. ni. 5.185) evaṃ sarūpato yāyaṃ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe uppajjamānā līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhattakilamathānuyogaucchedasassatābhinivesādīnaṃ anekesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtā satiādibhedā dhammasāmaggī, yāya ariyasāvako bujjhati, kilesaniddāya uṭṭhahati, cattāri vā saccāni paṭivijjhati, nibbānameva vā sacchikaroti, sā dhammasāmaggī ‘‘bodhī’’ti vuccati, tassā bodhiyā aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā. Ariyasāvako vā yathāvuttāya dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhatīti katvā ‘‘bodhī’’ti vuccati. Tassa bodhissa aṅgāti bojjhaṅgāti evaṃ sāmaññalakkhaṇato, upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇo satisambojjhaṅgo, pavicayalakkhaṇo dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, paggahalakkhaṇo vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pharaṇalakkhaṇo pītisambojjhaṅgo, upasamalakkhaṇo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, avikkhepalakkhaṇo samādhisambojjhaṅgo paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgoti evaṃ visesalakkhaṇato.

‘‘Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Idha bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā hoti anussaritā’’tiādinā (vibha. 467) sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ aññamaññūpakāravasena ekakkhaṇe pavattidassanato. ‘‘Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Atthi ajjhattaṃ dhammesu sati, atthi bahiddhā dhammesu satī’’tiādinā (vibha. 469) tesaṃ visayavibhāvanāpavattidassanato. ‘‘Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ, virāganissitaṃ, nirodhanissitaṃ, vosaggapariṇāmi’’ntiādinā (vibha. 471) bhāvanāvidhidassanato. ‘‘Tattha katame satta bojjhaṅgā? Idha bhikkhu yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti…pe… tasmiṃ samaye satta bojjhaṅgā honti, satisambojjhaṅgo…pe… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo? Yā sati anussatī’’tiādinā (vibha. 478) chanavutiyā nayasahassavibhāgehīti evaṃ nānākārato pavattāni bhagavato bojjhaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni tassa tassa atthassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā ‘‘tattha katamaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti (vibha. 205) evaṃ sarūpato. Sabbakilesehi ārakattā ariyabhāvakarattā ariyaphalapaṭilābhakarattā ca ariyo. Ariyānaṃ aṭṭhavidhattā nibbānādhigamāya ekantakāraṇattā ca aṭṭhaṅgiko. Kilese mārento gacchati, atthikehi maggīyati, sayaṃ vā nibbānaṃ maggayatīti maggoti evaṃ sāmaññalakkhaṇato. ‘‘Sammādassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi, sammāabhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo , sammāpariggahaṇalakkhaṇā sammāvācā , sammāsamuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto, sammāvodānalakkhaṇo sammāājīvo, sammāpaggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo, sammāupaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati , sammāavikkhepalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhī’’ti evaṃ visesalakkhaṇato. Sammādiṭṭhi tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati, nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanena asammohato sampayuttadhamme ca passati, tathā sammāsaṅkappādayopi micchāsaṅkappādīni pajahanti, nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti, sahajātadhammānaṃ sammāabhiniropanapariggahaṇasamuṭṭhāpanavodānapaggahaupaṭṭhānasamādahanāni ca karontīti evaṃ kiccavibhāgato. Sammādiṭṭhi pubbabhāge nānakkhaṇā visuṃ dukkhādiārammaṇā hutvā maggakāle ekakkhaṇā nibbānameva ārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccato ‘‘dukkhe ñāṇa’’ntiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānakkhaṇā nānārammaṇā, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā, tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato ‘‘nekkhammasaṅkappo’’tiādīni tīṇi nāmāni labhati. Sammāvācādayo tayo pubbabhāge ‘‘musāvādā veramaṇī’’tiādivibhāgā viratiyopi cetanāyopi hutvā maggakkhaṇe viratiyova, sammāvāyāmasatiyo kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhanti. Sammāsamādhi pana maggakkhaṇepi paṭhamajjhānādivasena nānā evāti evaṃ pubbabhāgāparabhāgesu pavattivibhāgato. ‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissita’’ntiādinā (vibha. 489) bhāvanāvidhito. ‘‘Tattha katamo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo? Idha, bhikkhu, yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti…pe… dukkhapaṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo hoti – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo’’tiādinā (vibha. 499) caturāsītiyā nayasahassavibhāgehīti evaṃ anekākārato pavattāni bhagavato ariyamaggavibhāvanañāṇāni atthassa avisaṃvādanato sabbānipi tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyā ca nirodhasamāpattīti etāsu anupaṭipāṭiyā viharitabbaṭṭhena samāpajjitabbaṭṭhena ca anupubbavihārasamāpattīsu sampādanapaccavekkhaṇādivasena yathārahaṃ sampayogavasena ca pavattāni bhagavato ñāṇāni tadatthasiddhiyā tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato. Tathā ‘‘idaṃ imassa ṭhānaṃ , idaṃ aṭṭhāna’’nti aviparītaṃ tassa tassa phalassa kāraṇākāraṇajānanaṃ, tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ atītādibhedabhinnassa kammasamādānassa anavasesato yathābhūtaṃ vipākantarajānanaṃ, āyūhanakkhaṇeyeva tassa tassa sattassa ‘‘ayaṃ nirayagāminī paṭipadā…pe… ayaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yāthāvato sāsavānāsavakammavibhāgajānanaṃ, khandhāyatanānaṃ upādinnānupādinnādianekasabhāvaṃ nānāsabhāvañca tassa lokassa ‘‘imāya nāma dhātuyā ussannattā imasmiṃ dhammappabandhe ayaṃ viseso jāyatī’’tiādinā nayena yathābhūtaṃ dhātunānattajānanaṃ, saddhādiindriyānaṃ tikkhamudutājānanaṃ saṃkilesādīhi saddhiṃ jhānavimokkhādijānanaṃ, sattānaṃ aparimāṇāsu jātīsu tappaṭibandhena saddhiṃ anavasesato pubbenivutthakkhandhasantatijānanaṃ hīnādivibhāgehi saddhiṃ cutipaṭisandhijānanaṃ, ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva catusaccajānananti imāni bhagavato dasabalañāṇāni avirajjhitvā yathāsakaṃvisayāvagāhanato yathādhippetatthasādhanato ca yathābhūtavuttiyā tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Idha tathāgato ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’tiādi (vibha. 809; a. ni. 10.21).

Evampi bhagavā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Yathā cetesampi ñāṇānaṃ vasena, evaṃ yathāvuttānaṃ satipaṭṭhānasammappadhānādivibhāvanañāṇādianantāparimeyyabhedānaṃ anaññasādhāraṇānaṃ paññāvisesānaṃ vasena bhagavā tathāni ñāṇāni āgato adhigatoti tathāgato, evampi tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yā tā bhagavato abhijātiabhisambodhidhammavinayapaññāpanaanupādisesanibbānadhātuyo, tā tathā. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yadatthaṃ tā lokanāthena abhipatthitā pavattitā ca, tadatthassa ekantasiddhiyā avisaṃvādanato aviparītatthavuttiyā tathā avitathā anaññathā. Tathā hi ayaṃ bhagavā bodhisattabhūto samatiṃsapāramiparipūraṇādikaṃ vuttappakāraṃ sabbabuddhattahetuṃ sampādetvā tusitapure ṭhito buddhakolāhalaṃ sutvā dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatāhi ekato sannipatitāhi upasaṅkamitvā –

‘‘Kālo kho te mahāvīra, uppajja mātukucchiyaṃ;

Sadevakaṃ tārayanto, bujjhassu amataṃ pada’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 1.67) –

Āyācito uppannapubbanimitto pañca mahāvilokanāni viloketvā ‘‘idāni ahaṃ manussayoniyaṃ uppajjitvā abhisambujjhissāmī’’ti āsāḷhipuṇṇamāyaṃ sakyarājakule mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasa māse devamanussehi mahatā parihārena parihariyamāno visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ paccūsasamaye abhijātiṃ pāpuṇi.

Abhijātikkhaṇe panassa paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇe viya dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ, ayaṃ dasasahassilokadhātu saṃkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu aparimāṇo obhāso phari, tassa, taṃ siriṃ daṭṭhukāmā viya andhā cakkhūni paṭilabhiṃsu, badhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, mūgā samālapiṃsu, khujjā ujugattā ahesuṃ, paṅgulā padasā gamanaṃ paṭilabhiṃsu, bandhanagatā sabbasattā andubandhanādīhi mucciṃsu, sabbanarakesu aggi nibbāyi, pettivisaye khuppipāsā vūpasami, tiracchānānaṃ bhayaṃ nāhosi, sabbasattānaṃ rogo vūpasami, sabbasattā piyaṃvadā ahesuṃ, madhurenākārena assā hasiṃsu, vāraṇā gajjiṃsu, sabbatūriyāni sakasakaninnādaṃ muñciṃsu, aghaṭṭitāni eva manussānaṃ hatthūpagādīni ābharaṇāni madhurenākārena saddaṃ muñciṃsu, sabbadisā vippasannā ahesuṃ, sattānaṃ sukhaṃ uppādayamāno mudusītalavāto vāyi, akālamegho vassi, pathavitopi udakaṃ ubbhijjitvā vissandi, pakkhino ākāsagamanaṃ vijahiṃsu, nadiyo asandamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, mahāsamudde madhuraṃ udakaṃ ahosi, upakkilesavinimutte sūriye dippamāne eva ākāsagatā sabbā jotiyo jotiṃsu, ṭhapetvā arūpāvacare deve avasesā sabbe devā sabbe ca nerayikā dissamānarūpā ahesuṃ, tarukuṭṭakavāṭaselādayo anāvaraṇabhūtā ahesuṃ, sattānaṃ cutūpapātā nāhesuṃ, sabbaṃ aniṭṭhagandhaṃ abhibhavitvā dibbagandho pavāyi, sabbe phalūpagā rukkhā phaladharā sampajjiṃsu, mahāsamuddo sabbatthakameva pañcavaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannatalo ahosi, thalajajalajādīni sabbapupphāni pupphiṃsu, rukkhānaṃ khandhesu khandhapadumāni, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni, pupphiṃsu, mahītalasilātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satta satta hutvā daṇḍapadumāni nāma nikkhamiṃsu, ākāse olambakapadumāni nibbattiṃsu, samantato pupphavassaṃ vassi ākāse dibbatūriyāni vajjiṃsu, sakaladasasahassilokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷaṃ viya, uppīḷetvā pavattamālākalāpo viya, alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ mālāsanaṃ viya ca ekamālāmālinī vipphurantavāḷabījanī pupphadhūpagandhaparivāsitā paramasobhaggappattā ahosi, tāni ca pubbanimittāni upari adhigatānaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ nimittabhūtāni eva ahesuṃ. Evaṃ anekacchariyapātubhāvā ayaṃ abhijāti yadatthaṃ tena abhipatthitā, tassā abhisambodhiyā ekantasiddhiyā tathāva ahosi avitathā anaññathā.

Tathā ye buddhaveneyyā bodhaneyyabandhavā, te sabbepi anavasesato sayameva bhagavatā vinītā. Ye ca sāvakaveneyyā dhammaveneyyā ca, tepi sāvakādīhi vinītā vinayaṃ gacchanti gamissanti cāti yadatthaṃ bhagavatā abhisambodhi abhipatthitā, tadatthassa ekantasiddhiyā abhisambodhi tathā avitathā anaññathā.

Apica yassa yassa ñeyyadhammassa yo yo sabhāvo bujjhitabbo, so so hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalakaṃ viya āvajjanamattapaṭibaddhena attano ñāṇena aviparītaṃ anavasesato bhagavatā abhisambuddhoti evampi abhisambodhi tathā avitathā anaññathā.

Tathā tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ tathā tathā desetabbappakāraṃ, tesaṃ tesañca sattānaṃ āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiṃ sammadeva oloketvā dhammataṃ avijahanteneva paññattinayaṃ vohāramattaṃ anatidhāvanteneva ca dhammataṃ vibhāventena yathāparādhaṃ yathājjhāsayaṃ yathādhammañca anusāsantena bhagavatā veneyyā vinītā ariyabhūmiṃ sampāpitāti dhammavinayapaññāpanāpissa tadatthasiddhiyā yathābhūtavuttiyā ca tathā avitathā anaññathā.

Tathā yā sā bhagavatā anuppattā pathaviyādiphassavedanādirūpārūpasabhāvanimuttā lujjanapalujjanabhāvābhāvato lokasabhāvātītā tamasā visaṃsaṭṭhattā kenaci anobhāsanīyā lokasabhāvābhāvato eva gatiādibhāvarahitā appatiṭṭhā anārammaṇā amatamahānibbānadhātu khandhasaṅkhātānaṃ upādīnaṃ lesamattassāpi abhāvato ‘‘anupādisesā’’tipi vuccati. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī na āpo na tejo na vāyo na ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ na viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ na ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nāyaṃ loko na paro loko na ca ubho candimasūriyā. Tamahaṃ, bhikkhave, neva āgatiṃ vadāmi na gatiṃ na ṭhitiṃ na cutiṃ na upapattiṃ; appatiṭṭhaṃ appavattaṃ anārammaṇamevetaṃ esevanto dukkhassā’’ti (udā. 71).

Sā sabbesampi upādānakkhandhānaṃ atthaṅgamo sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ samatho, sabbūpadhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo, sabbadukkhānaṃ vūpasamo, sabbālayānaṃ samugghāto, sabbavaṭṭānaṃ upacchedo, accantasantilakkhaṇāti yathāvuttasabhāvassa kadācipi avisaṃvādanato tathā avitathā anaññathā . Evametā abhijātiādikā tathā gato upagato adhigato paṭipanno pattoti tathāgato. Evaṃ bhagavā tathā gatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāvidhoti tathāgato? Yathāvidhā purimakā sammāsambuddhā, ayampi bhagavā tathāvidho. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathāvidhā te bhagavanto maggasīlena, phalasīlena, sabbenapi lokiyalokuttarasīlena, maggasamādhinā, phalasamādhinā, sabbenapi lokiyalokuttarasamādhinā, maggapaññāya, phalapaññāya, sabbāyapi lokiyalokuttarapaññāya, devasikaṃ vaḷañjitabbehi catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattivihārehi, tadaṅgavimuttiyā vikkhambhanavimuttiyā samucchedavimuttiyā paṭippassaddhivimuttiyā nissaraṇavimuttiyāti saṅkhepato, vitthārato pana anantāparimāṇabhedehi acinteyyānubhāvehi sakalasabbaññuguṇehi, ayampi amhākaṃ bhagavā tathāvidho. Sabbesañhi sammāsambuddhānaṃ āyuvemattaṃ, sarīrappamāṇavemattaṃ, kulavemattaṃ, dukkaracariyāvemattaṃ, rasmivemattanti imehi pañcahi vemattehi siyā vemattaṃ, na pana sīlavisuddhiādīsu visuddhīsu samathavipassanāpaṭipattiyaṃ attanā paṭividdhaguṇesu ca kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ atthi, atha kho majjhe bhinnasuvaṇṇaṃ viya aññaṃmaññaṃ nibbisesā te buddhā bhagavanto. Tasmā yathāvidhā purimakā sammāsambuddhā, ayampi bhagavā tathāvidho. Evaṃ tathāvidhoti tathāgato. Vidhattho cettha gatasaddo. Tathā hi lokiyā vidhayuttagatasadde pakāratthe vadanti.

Kathaṃ tathāpavattikoti tathāgato? Anaññasādhāraṇena iddhānubhāvena samannāgatattā atthapaṭisambhidādīnaṃ ukkaṃsapāramippattiyā anāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhena ca bhagavato kāyappavattiyādīnaṃ katthaci paṭighātābhāvato yathāruci tathā gataṃ gati gamanaṃ kāyavacīcittappavatti etassāti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāpavattikoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathehi agatoti tathāgato? Bodhisambhārasambharaṇe tappaṭipakkhappavattisaṅkhātaṃ natthi etassa gatanti agato. So panassa agatabhāvo maccheradānapāramiādīsu aviparītaṃ ādīnavānisaṃsapaccavekkhaṇādinayappavattehi ñāṇehīti tathehi ñāṇehi agatoti tathāgato.

Atha vā kilesābhisaṅkhārappavattisaṅkhātaṃ khandhappavattisaṅkhātameva vā pañcasupi gatīsu gataṃ gamanaṃ etassa natthīti agato. Saupādisesaanupādisesanibbānappattiyā svāyamassa agatabhāvo tathehi ariyamaggañāṇehīti evampi bhagavā tathehi āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāgatabhāvena tathāgato? Tathāgatabhāvenāti ca tathāgatassa sabbhāvena, atthitāyāti attho. Ko panesa tathāgato, yassa atthitāya bhagavā tathāgatoti vuccatīti? Saddhammo. Saddhammo hi ariyamaggo tāva yathā yuganaddhasamathavipassanābalena anavasesakilesapakkhaṃ samūhanantena samucchedappahānavasena gantabbaṃ, tathā gato. Phaladhammo yathā attano maggānurūpaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānavasena gantabbaṃ, tathā gato pavatto. Nibbānadhammo pana yathā gato paññāya paṭividdho sakalavaṭṭadukkhavūpasamāya sampajjati, buddhādīhi tathā gato sacchikatoti tathāgato. Pariyattidhammopi yathā purimabuddhehi suttageyyādivasena pavattiādippakāsanavasena ca veneyyānaṃ āsayādianurūpaṃ pavattito, amhākampi bhagavatā tathā gato gadito pavattitoti vā tathāgato. Yathā bhagavatā desito, tathā bhagavato sāvakehi gato avagatoti tathāgato. Evaṃ sabbopi saddhammo tathāgato. Tenāha sakko devānamindo ‘‘tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ, dhammaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti (khu. pā. 6.17; su. ni. 240). Svāssa atthīti bhagavā tathāgato.

Yathā ca dhammo, evaṃ ariyasaṅghopi, yathā attahitāya parahitāya ca paṭipannehi suvisuddhaṃ pubbabhāgasamathavipassanāpaṭipadaṃ purakkhatvā tena tena maggena gantabbaṃ, taṃ taṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato. Yathā vā bhagavatā saccapaṭiccasamuppādādinayo desito, tathā ca buddhattā tathā gadanato ca tathāgato. Tenāha sakko devarājā – ‘‘tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ, saṅghaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’ti (khu. pā. 6.18; su. ni. 241), svāssa sāvakabhūto atthīti bhagavā tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāgatabhāvena tathāgato.

Idampi tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattakameva, sabbākārena pana tathāgatova tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya. Idañhi tathāgatapadaṃ mahatthaṃ, mahāgatikaṃ, mahāvisayaṃ, tassa appamādapadassa viya tepiṭakampi buddhavacanaṃ yuttito atthabhāvena āharanto ‘‘atitthena dhammakathiko pakkhando’’ti na vattabboti.

Tatthetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Yatheva loke purimā mahesino,

Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā;

Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato,

Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā.

‘‘Pahāya kāmādimale asesato,

Samādhiñāṇehi yathā gatā jinā;

Purātanā sakyamunī jutindharo,

Tathā gato tena tathāgato mato.

‘‘Tathañca dhātāyatanādilakkhaṇaṃ,

Sabhāvasāmaññavibhāgabhedato;

Sayambhuñāṇena jinoyamāgato,

Tathāgato vuccati sakyapuṅgavo.

‘‘Tathāni saccāni samantacakkhunā,

Tathā idappaccayatā ca sabbaso;

Anaññaneyyā nayato vibhāvitā,

Tathā gato tena jino tathāgato.

‘‘Anekabhedāsupi lokadhātusu,

Jinassa rūpāyatanādigocare;

Vicittabhede tathameva dassanaṃ,

Tathāgato tena samantalocano.

‘‘Yato ca dhammaṃ tathameva bhāsati,

Karoti vācāyanurūpamattano;

Guṇehi lokaṃ abhibhuyyirīyati,

Tathāgato tenapi lokanāyako.

‘‘Tathā pariññāya tathāya sabbaso,

Avedi lokaṃ pabhavaṃ atikkami;

Gato ca paccakkhakiriyāya nibbutiṃ,

Ariyamaggañca gato tathāgato.

‘‘Tathā paṭiññāya tathāya sabbaso,

Hitāya lokassa yatoyamāgato;

Tathāya nātho karuṇāya sabbadā,

Gato ca tenāpi jino tathāgato.

‘‘Tathāni ñāṇāni yatoyamāgato,

Yathāsabhāvaṃ visayāvabodhato;

Tathābhijātippabhutī tathāgato,

Tadatthasampādanato tathāgato.

‘‘Yathāvidhā te purimā mahesino,

Tathāvidhoyampi tathā yathāruci;

Pavattavācā tanucittabhāvato,

Tathāgato vuccati aggapuggalo.

‘‘Sambodhisambhāravipakkhato pure,

Gataṃ na saṃsāragatampi tassa vā;

Na catthi nāthassa bhavantadassino,

Tathehi tasmā agato tathāgato.

‘‘Tathāgato dhammavaro mahesinā,

Yathā pahātabbamalaṃ pahīyati;

Tathāgato ariyagaṇo vināyako,

Tathāgato tena samaṅgibhāvato’’ti.

Arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhanti ettha arahāti padassa attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhaṃ. Yaṃkiñci ñeyyaṃ nāma, tassa sabbassapi sabbākārato aviparītato sayameva abhisambuddhattāti vuttaṃ hoti. Imināssa paropadesarahitassa sabbākārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātassa sabbaññutaññāṇassa adhigamo dassito.

Nanu ca sabbaññutaññāṇato aññaṃ anāvaraṇaṃ, aññathā cha asādhāraṇāni ñāṇāni buddhañāṇānīti vacanaṃ virujjheyyāti? Na virujjhati, visayappavattibhedavasena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Ekameva hi taṃ ñāṇaṃ anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutidhammavisayatāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tattha ca āvaraṇābhāvato nissaṅgacāramupādāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti vuttaṃ. Yathāha paṭisambhidāyaṃ –

‘‘Sabbaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhataṃ anavasesaṃ jānātīti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ. Tattha āvaraṇaṃ natthīti anāvaraṇañāṇa’’ntiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.119).

Tasmā natthi nesaṃ atthato bhedo, ekantenevetaṃ evamicchitabbaṃ. Aññathā sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇānaṃ sādhāraṇatā asabbadhammārammaṇatā ca āpajjeyya. Na hi bhagavato ñāṇassa aṇumattampi āvaraṇaṃ atthi, anāvaraṇañāṇassa ca asabbadhammārammaṇabhāve yattha taṃ na pavattati tatthāvaraṇasabbhāvato anāvaraṇabhāvoyeva na siyā. Atha vā pana hotu aññameva anāvaraṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇato, idha pana sabbattha appaṭihatavuttitāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti sabbaññutaññāṇameva adhippetaṃ, tassevādhigamena bhagavā sabbaññū sabbavidū sammāsambuddhoti vuccati, na sakiṃyeva sabbadhammāvabodhato. Tathā ca vuttaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –

‘‘Vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti.

Sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthañāṇasamadhigamena hi bhagavato santāne anavasesadhamme paṭivijjhituṃ samatthatā ahosīti.

Etthāha – kiṃ panidaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattamānaṃ sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, udāhu kamenāti? Kiñcettha – yadi tāva sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, atītānāgatappaccupannaajjhattabahiddhādibhedabhinnānaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ asaṅkhatasammutidhammānañca ekajjhaṃ upaṭṭhāne dūrato cittapaṭaṃ pekkhantassa viya visayavibhāgenāvabodho na siyā, tathā ca sati ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti vipassantānaṃ anattākārena viya sabbadhammā anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇassa visayā hontīti āpajjati. Yepi ‘‘sabbañeyyadhammānaṃ ṭhitalakkhaṇavisayaṃ vikapparahitaṃ sabbakālaṃ buddhānaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tena te sabbavidūti vuccanti. Evañca katvā –

‘‘Caraṃ samāhito nāgo, tiṭṭhantopi samāhito’’ti. –

‘‘Idampi vacanaṃ suvuttaṃ hotī’’ti vadanti, tesampi vuttadosānātivatti, ṭhitalakkhaṇārammaṇatāya ca atītānāgatasammutidhammānaṃ tadabhāvato, ekadesavisayameva bhagavato ñāṇaṃ siyā. Tasmā sakiṃyeva ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti na yujjati.

Atha kamena sabbasmiṃ visaye ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti? Evampi na yujjati. Na hi jātibhūmisabhāvādivasena disādesakālādivasena ca anekabhedabhinne ñeyye kamena gayhamāne tassa anavasesapaṭivedho sambhavati apariyantabhāvato ñeyyassa. Ye pana ‘‘atthassa avisaṃvādanato ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanena sabbaññū bhagavā, tañca ñāṇaṃ na anumānikaṃ saṃsayābhāvato. Saṃsayānubaddhañhi loke anumānañāṇa’’nti vadanti, tesampi na yuttaṃ. Sabbassa hi apaccakkhabhāve atthassa avisaṃvādanena ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanassa asambhavato. Yañhi taṃ sesaṃ, taṃ apaccakkhanti. Atha tampi paccakkhaṃ, tassa sesabhāvo pana na siyāti sabbametaṃ akāraṇaṃ. Kasmā? Avisayavicārabhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Buddhavisayo, bhikkhave, acinteyyo, na cintetabbo; yo cinteyya, ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77).

Idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ – yaṃkiñci bhagavatā ñātuṃ icchitaṃ sakalamekadeso vā, tattha appaṭihatavuttitāya paccakkhato ñāṇaṃ pavattati, niccasamādhānañca vikkhepābhāvato, ñātuṃ icchitassa sakalassa avisayabhāvato tassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttitā na siyā, ekanteneva sā icchitabbā ‘‘sabbe dhammā buddhassa bhagavato āvajjanapaṭibaddhā, ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhā, manasikārapaṭibaddhā, cittuppādapaṭibaddhā’’ti (mahāni. 69; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85) vacanato. Atītānāgatavisayampi bhagavato ñāṇaṃ anumānāgamanatakkaggahaṇavirahitattā paccakkhameva.

Nanu ca etasmimpi pakkhe yadā sakalaṃ ñātuṃ icchitaṃ, tadā sakimeva sakalavisayatāya anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavatteyyāti vuttadosānātivattiyevāti? Na, tassa visodhitattā. Visodhito hi so buddhavisayo acinteyyoti. Aññathā pacurajanañāṇasamavuttitāya buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ ñāṇassa acinteyyatā na siyā, tasmā sakaladhammārammaṇampi taṃ ekadhammārammaṇaṃ viya suvavatthāpiteyeva te dhamme katvā pavattatīti idamettha acinteyyaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, ñeyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇapariyantikaṃ ñeyyanti evamekajjhaṃ visuṃ visuṃ sakiṃ kamena ca icchānurūpaṃ sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddho bhagavā. Taṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ.

Dve vitakkāti dve sammā vitakkā. Tattha vitakkenti etena, sayaṃ vā vitakketi, vitakkanamattameva vāti vitakko. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇābhiniropanalakkhaṇo, āhananapariyāhananaraso, ārammaṇe cittassa ānayanapaccupaṭṭhāno. Visayabhedena pana taṃ dvidhā katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘dve vitakkā’’ti. Samudācarantīti samaṃ sammā ca uddhamuddhaṃ mariyādāya caranti. Mariyādattho hi ayamākāro, tena ca yogena ‘‘tathāgataṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti idaṃ sāmiatthe upayogavacanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa attano visaye samaṃ sammā ca aññamaññaṃ mariyādaṃ anatikkamantā uddhamuddhaṃ bahulaṃ abhiṇhaṃ caranti pavattantīti.

Ko pana nesaṃ visayo, kā vā mariyādā, kathañca taṃ anatikkamitvā te uddhamuddhaṃ bahulaṃ abhiṇhaṃ niccaṃ pavattantīti? Vuccate – khemavitakko, pavivekavitakkoti ime dve vitakkāyeva. Tesu khemavitakko tāva bhagavato visesena karuṇāsampayutto, mettāmuditāsampayuttopi labbhateva, tasmā so mahākaruṇāsamāpattiyā mettādisamāpattiyā ca pubbaṅgamo sampayutto ca veditabbo. Pavivekavitakko pana phalasamāpattiyā pubbaṅgamo sampayutto ca, dibbavihārādivasenāpi labbhateva. Iti nesaṃ vitakko visayo, tasmā ekasmiṃ santāne bahulaṃ pavattamānānampi kālena kālaṃ savisayasmiṃyeva caraṇato natthi mariyādā, na saṅkarena vutti.

Tattha khemavitakko bhagavato karuṇokkamanādinā vibhāvetabbo, pavivekavitakko samāpattīhi. Tatrāyaṃ vibhāvanā – ‘‘ayaṃ loko santāpajāto dukkhapareto’’tiādinā rāgaggiādīhi lokasannivāsassa ādittatādiākāradassanehi mahākaruṇāsamāpattiyā pubbabhāge , samāpattiyampi paṭhamajjhānavasena vattabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.117-118) –

‘‘Bahūhi ākārehi passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati, āditto lokasannivāsoti passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati. Uyyutto, payāto, kummaggapaṭipanno, upanīyati loko addhuvo, atāṇo loko anabhissaro, assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ, ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso.

‘‘Atāyano lokasannivāso, aleṇo, asaraṇo, asaraṇībhūto, uddhato loko avūpasanto, sasallo lokasannivāso viddho puthusallehi, avijjandhakārāvaraṇo kilesapañjaraparikkhitto, avijjāgato lokasannivāso aṇḍabhūto pariyonaddho tantākulakajāto kulāguṇṭhikajāto muñjapabbajabhūto apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ saṃsāraṃ nātivattatīti passantānaṃ, avijjāvisadosasaṃlitto kilesakalalībhūto, rāgadosamohajaṭājaṭito.

‘‘Taṇhāsaṅghāṭapaṭimukko, taṇhājālena otthaṭo, taṇhāsotena vuyhati, taṇhāsaṃyojanena saṃyutto, taṇhānusayena anusaṭo, taṇhāsantāpena santappati, taṇhāpariḷāhena pariḍayhati.

‘‘Diṭṭhisaṅghāṭapaṭimukko, diṭṭhijālena otthaṭo, diṭṭhisotena vuyhati, diṭṭhisaṃyojanena saṃyutto, diṭṭhānusayena anusaṭo, diṭṭhisantāpena santappati, diṭṭhipariḷāhena pariḍayhati.

‘‘Jātiyā anugato, jarāya anusaṭo, byādhinā abhibhūto, maraṇena abbhāhato, dukkhe patiṭṭhito.

‘‘Taṇhāya oḍḍito, jarāpākāraparikkhitto, maccupāsaparikkhitto, mahābandhanabaddho, lokasannivāso, rāgabandhanena, dosamohabandhanena, mānadiṭṭhikilesaduccaritabandhanena baddho, mahāsambādhapaṭipanno, mahāpalibodhena palibuddho, mahāpapāte patito, mahākantārapaṭipanno, mahāsaṃsārapaṭipanno, mahāvidugge samparivattati, mahāpalipe palipanno.

‘‘Abbhāhato lokasannivāso, āditto lokasannivāso rāgagginā, dosagginā, mohagginā jātiyā…pe… upāyāsehi, unnītako lokasannivāso haññati niccamatāṇo pattadaṇḍo takkaro, vajjabandhanabaddho āghātanapaccupaṭṭhito, anātho lokasannivāso paramakāruññataṃ patto, dukkhābhitunno cirarattapīḷito, niccagadhito niccapipāsito.

‘‘Andho, acakkhuko, hatanetto, apariṇāyako, vipathapakkhando, añjasāparaddho, mahoghapakkhando.

‘‘Dvīhi diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhito, tīhi duccaritehi vippaṭipanno, catūhi yogehi yojito, catūhi ganthehi ganthito, catūhi upādānehi upādīyati, pañcagatisamāruḷho, pañcahi kāmaguṇehi rajjati, pañcahi nīvaraṇehi otthaṭo, chahi vivādamūlehi vivadati, chahi taṇhākāyehi rajjati, chahi diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhito, sattahi anusayehi anusaṭo, sattahi saṃyojanehi saṃyutto, sattahi mānehi unnato, aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi samparivattati, aṭṭhahi micchattehi niyato, aṭṭhahi purisadosehi dussati, navahi āghātavatthūhi āghātito, navahi mānehi unnato, navahi taṇhāmūlakehi dhammehi rajjati, dasahi kilesavatthūhi kilissati, dasahi āghātavatthūhi āghātito, dasahi akusalakammapathehi samannāgato, dasahi saṃyojanehi saṃyutto, dasahi micchattehi niyato, dasavatthukāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, dasavatthukāya antaggāhikāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, aṭṭhasatataṇhāpapañcehi papañcito, dvāsaṭṭhiyā diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhito lokasannivāsoti sampassantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamati.

‘‘Ahañcamhi tiṇṇo, loko ca atiṇṇo. Ahañcamhi mutto, loko ca amutto. Ahañcamhi danto, loko ca adanto. Ahañcamhi santo, loko ca asanto. Ahañcamhi assattho, loko ca anassattho. Ahañcamhi parinibbuto, loko ca aparinibbuto. Pahomi khvāhaṃ tiṇṇo tāretuṃ, mutto mocetuṃ, danto dametuṃ, santo sametuṃ , assattho assāsetuṃ, parinibbuto pare ca parinibbāpetunti passantānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ sattesu mahākaruṇā okkamatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.117-118).

Imināva nayena bhagavato sattesu mettāokkamanañca vibhāvetabbaṃ. Karuṇāvisayassa hi dukkhassa paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sukhaṃ sattesu upasaṃharantī mettāpi pavattatīti idha abyāpādaavihiṃsāvitakkā khemavitakko. Pavivekavitakko pana nekkhammavitakkoyeva, tassa dibbavihāraariyavihāresu pubbabhāgassa paṭhamajjhānassa paccavekkhaṇāya ca vasena pavatti veditabbā. Tattha ye te bhagavato devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakavasena catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā samāpattivihārā, yesaṃ purecaraṇabhāvena pavattaṃ samādhicariyānugataṃ ñāṇacariyānugataṃ ñāṇaṃ catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattisañcārimahāvajirañāṇanti vuccati, tesaṃ vasena bhagavato pavivekavitakkassa bahulaṃ pavatti veditabbā. Ayañca attho mahāsaccakasuttenapi veditabbo. Vuttañhi tattha bhagavatā –

‘‘So kho ahaṃ, aggivessana, tasmiṃyeva purimasmiṃ samādhinimitte ajjhattameva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi, sannisādemi, yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.387).

Idañhi bhagavā ‘‘samaṇo gotamo abhirūpo pāsādiko suphusitaṃ dantāvaraṇaṃ, jivhā tanukā, madhuraṃ vacanaṃ, tena parisaṃ rañjento maññe vicarati, citte panassa ekaggatā natthi, yo evaṃ saññattibahulo caratī’’ti saccakena nigaṇṭhaputtena vitakkite avassaṃ sahoḍhaṃ coraṃ gaṇhanto viya ‘‘na aggivessana tathāgato parisaṃ rañjento saññattibahulo vicarati, cakkavāḷapariyantāyapi parisāya dhammaṃ deseti, asallīno anupalitto ekattaṃ ekavihārisuññatāphalasamāpattiphalaṃ anuyutto’’ti dassetuṃ āhari.

Bhagavā hi yasmiṃ khaṇe parisā sādhukāraṃ deti, dhammaṃ vā paccavekkhati, tasmiṃ khaṇe pubbabhāgena kālaṃ paricchinditvā phalasamāpattiṃ assāsavāre passāsavāre samāpajjati, sādhukārasaddanigghose avicchinneyeva dhammapaccavekkhaṇāya ca pariyosāne samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya dhammaṃ deseti. Buddhānañhi bhavaṅgaparivāso lahuko, assāsavāre passāsavāre samāpattiyo samāpajjanti. Evaṃ yathāvuttasamāpattīnaṃ sapubbabhāgānaṃ vasena bhagavato khemavitakkassa pavivekavitakkassa ca bahulappavatti veditabbā.

Tattha yassa byāpādavihiṃsāvitakkādisaṃkilesappahānassa abyāpādavitakkassa avihiṃsāvitakkassa ca ānubhāvena kutocipi bhayābhāvato taṃsamaṅgī khemappatto ca viharati, tato ca sabbassapi sabbadāpi khemameva hoti abhayameva. Tasmā duvidhopi ubhayesaṃ khemaṅkaroti khemavitakko. Yassa pana kāmavitakkādisaṃkilesapahānassa nekkhammavitakkassa ānubhāvena kāyaviveko, cittaviveko, upadhivivekoti tividho; tadaṅgaviveko, vikkhambhanaviveko, samucchedaviveko, paṭippassaddhiviveko, nissaraṇavivekoti pañcavidho ca viveko pāripūriṃ gacchati. So yathārahaṃ ārammaṇato sampayogato ca pavivekasahagato vitakkoti pavivekavitakko. Ete ca dve vitakkā evaṃ vibhattavisayāpi samānā ādikammikānaṃ aññamaññūpakārāya sambhavanti. Yathā hi khemavitakkassa pavivekavitakko anuppannassa uppādāya uppannassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya hoti, evaṃ pavivekavitakkassapi khemavitakko. Na hi vūpakaṭṭhakāyacittānamantarena mettāvihārādayo sambhavanti byāpādādippahānena ca vinā cittavivekādīnaṃ asambhavoyevāti aññamaññassa bahūpakārā ete dhammā daṭṭhabbā. Bhagavato pana sabbaso pahīnasaṃkilesassa lokahitatthāya evaṃ khemavitakko ca pavivekavitakko ca assāsavāramattepi hitasukhamāvahantiyevāti. Khemo ca vitakko paviveko ca vitakkoti sambandhitabbaṃ.

Evaṃ uddiṭṭhe dve vitakke niddisituṃ ‘‘abyāpajjhārāmo’’tiādimāha. Tattha abyāpajjhanaṃ kassaci adukkhanaṃ abyāpajjho, so āramitabbato ārāmo etassāti abyāpajjhārāmo. Abyāpajjhe rato sevanavasena niratoti abyāpajjharato. Esevāti eso eva. Iriyāyāti kiriyāya, kāyavacīpayogenāti attho. Na kañci byābādhemīti hīnādīsu kañcipi sattaṃ taṇhātasādiyogato tasaṃ vā tadabhāvato pahīnasabbakilesavipphanditattā thāvaraṃ vā na bādhemi na dukkhāpemi. Karuṇajjhāsayo bhagavā mahākaruṇāsamāpattibahulo attano paramarucitakaruṇajjhāsayānurūpamevamāha. Tena avihiṃsāvitakkaṃ abyāpādavitakkañca dasseti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ imāya iriyāya imāya paṭipattiyā evaṃ sammā paṭipajjanto evaṃ samāpattivihārehi viharanto evaṃ puññatthikehi katāni sakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāni adhivāsento sattesu na kañci byābādhemi, apica kho diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthappabhedaṃ hitasukhameva nesaṃ paribrūhemī’ti.

Yaṃ akusalaṃ, taṃ pahīnanti yaṃ diyaḍḍhakilesasahassabhedaṃ aññañca taṃsampayuttaṃ anantappabhedaṃ akusalaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ bodhimūleyeva mayhaṃ pahīnaṃ samūhatanti. Iminā pavivekesu muddhabhūtena saddhiṃ nissaraṇavivekena samucchedappaṭippassaddhiviveke dasseti. Keci panettha tadaṅgavikkhambhanavivekepi uddharanti . Āgamanīyapaṭipadāya hi saddhiṃ bhagavatā attano kilesakkhayo idha vuttoti.

Iti bhagavā aparimitakappaparicittaṃ attano pavivekajjhāsayaṃ saddhiṃ nissaraṇajjhāsayena idāni matthakaṃ pāpetvā ṭhito tamajjhāsayaṃ phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā attano kilesappahānapaccavekkhaṇamukhena vibhāveti. Yadatthaṃ panettha satthā ime dve vitakke uddhari, idāni tamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Bhagavā hi imassa vitakkadvayassa attano bahulasamudācāradassanamukheneva tattha bhikkhū nivesetuṃ imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi.

Tattha tasmāti yasmā abyāpajjhapavivekābhiratassa me khemapavivekavitakkāyeva bahulaṃ pavattanti, tasmā. Tihāti nipātamattaṃ. Abyāpajjhārāmāviharathāti sabbasattesu mettāvihārena karuṇāvihāre na ca abhiramantā viharatha. Tena byāpādassa tadekaṭṭhakilesānañca dūrīkaraṇamāha. Tesaṃ voti ettha voti nipātamattaṃ. Pavivekārāmā viharathāti kāyādivivekañceva tadaṅgādivivekañcāti sabbaviveke āramitabbaṭṭhānaṃ katvā viharatha. Imāya mayantiādi yathā nesaṃ khemavitakkassa pavattanākāradassanaṃ, evaṃ kiṃ akusalantiādi pavivekavitakkassa pavattanākāradassanaṃ. Tattha yathā anavajjadhamme paripūretukāmena kiṃkusalagavesinā hutvā kusaladhammapariyesanā kātabbāva, sāvajjadhamme pajahitukāmenāpi akusalapariyesanā kātabbāti āha ‘‘kiṃ akusala’’ntiādi. Abhiññāpubbikā hi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanā. Tattha kiṃ akusalanti akusalaṃ nāma kiṃ, sabhāvato kimassa lakkhaṇaṃ, kāni vā rasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānānīti akusalassa sabhāvakiccādito paccavekkhaṇavidhiṃ dasseti. Ādikammikavasena cesa vitakko āgato, kiṃ appahīnaṃ kiṃ pajahāmāti idaṃ padadvayaṃ sekkhavasena. Tasmā kiṃ appahīnanti kāmarāgasaṃyojanādīsu akusalesu kiṃ akusalaṃ amhākaṃ maggena asamucchinnaṃ? Kiṃpajahāmāti kiṃ akusalaṃ samugghātema? Atha vā kiṃ pajahāmāti vītikkamapariyuṭṭhānānusayesu kiṃ vibhāgaṃ akusalaṃ idāni mayaṃ pajahāmāti attho. Keci pana ‘‘kiṃ appahīna’’nti paṭhanti. Tesaṃ diṭṭhisaṃyojanādivasena anekabhedesu akusalesu kiṃ katamaṃ akusalaṃ, kena katamena pakārena, katamena vā maggena amhākaṃ appahīnanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Gāthāsu buddhanti catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ aviparītaṃ sayambhuñāṇena buddhattā paṭividdhattā buddhaṃ saccavinimuttassa ñeyyassa abhāvato. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. (su. ni. 563; ma. ni. 2.399);

Ṭhapetvā mahābodhisattaṃ aññehi sahituṃ vahituṃ asakkuṇeyyattā asayhassa sakalassa bodhisambhārassa mahākaruṇādhikārassa ca sahanato vahanato, tathā aññehi sahituṃ abhibhavituṃ dukkarattā asayhānaṃ pañcannaṃ mārānaṃ sahanato abhibhavanato, āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādivibhāgāvabodhena yathārahaṃ veneyyānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi anusāsanasaṅkhātassa aññehi asayhassa buddhakiccassa sahanato vahanato, tattha vā sādhukāribhāvato asayhasāhinaṃ. Samudācaranti nanti ettha nanti nipātamattaṃ, naṃ tathāgatanti vā attho.

Sakaparasantānesu tamasaṅkhātaṃ mohandhakāraṃ nudi khipīti tamonudo. Pāraṃ nibbānaṃ gatoti pāragato. Atha vā ‘‘mutto moceyya’’ntiādinā nayena pavattitassa mahābhinīhārassa sakalassa vā saṃsāradukkhassa sabbaññuguṇānaṃ pāraṃ pariyantaṃ gatoti pāragato, taṃ tamonudaṃ pāragataṃ. Tato eva pattipattaṃ buddhaṃ, sīlādiṃ dasabalañāṇādiñca sammāsambuddhehi pattabbaṃ sabbaṃ pattanti attho. Vasimanti jhānādīsu ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddho paramo āvajjanādivasibhāvo, ariyiddhisaṅkhāto anaññasādhāraṇo cittavasibhāvo ca assa atthīti vasimā, taṃ vasimaṃ, vasinanti attho. Sabbesaṃ kāmāsavādīnaṃ abhāvena anāsavaṃ. Kāyavisamādikassa visamassa vantattā vā visasaṅkhātaṃ sabbaṃ kilesamalaṃ taritvā vā visaṃ sakalavaṭṭadukkhaṃ sayaṃ taritvā tāraṇato visantaro taṃ visantaraṃ. Taṇhakkhaye arahattaphale nibbāne vā vimuttaṃ, ubhayamhi gamanato monasaṅkhātena ñāṇena kāyamoneyyādīhi vā sātisayaṃ samannāgatattā muniṃ. Munīti hi agāriyamuni, anagāriyamuni, sekkhamuni, asekkhamuni, paccekamuni, munimunīti anekavidhā munayo. Tattha gihī āgataphalo viññātasāsano agāriyamuni, tathārūpo pabbajito anagāriyamuni, satta sekkhā sekkhamuni, khīṇāsavo asekkhamuni, paccekabuddho paccekamuni, sammāsambuddho munimunīti. Ayameva idhādhippeto. Āyatiṃ punabbhavābhāvato antimaṃ, pacchimaṃ dehaṃ kāyaṃ dhāretīti antimadehadhārī, taṃ antimadehadhāriṃ. Kilesamārādīnaṃ sammadeva pariccattattā mārañjahaṃ. Tato eva jarāhetusamucchedato anupādisesanibbānappattivasena pākaṭajarādisabbajarāya pāraguṃ. Jarāsīsena cettha jātimaraṇasokādīnaṃ pāragamanaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃ evaṃbhūtaṃ tathāgataṃ duve vitakkā samudācarantīti brūmīti sambandho.

Iti bhagavā paṭhamagāthāya vitakkadvayaṃ uddisitvā tato dutiyagāthāya pavivekavitakkaṃ dassetvā idāni khemavitakkaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sele yathā’’ti tatiyagāthamāha. Tattha sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhitoti sele silāmaye ekagghanapabbatamuddhani yathā ṭhito. Na hi tattha ṭhitassa uddhaṃ gīvukkhipanapasāraṇādikiccaṃ atthi. Tathūpamanti tappaṭibhāgaṃ selapabbatūpamaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – yathā selapabbatamuddhani ṭhito cakkhumā puriso samantato janataṃ passeyya, evameva sumedho, sundarapañño sabbaññutaññāṇena samantacakkhu bhagavā dhammamayaṃ paññāmayaṃ pāsādamāruyha sayaṃ apetasoko sokāvatiṇṇaṃ jātijarābhibhūtañca janataṃ sattakāyaṃ avekkhati upadhārayati upaparikkhati. Ayaṃ panettha adhippāyo – yathā hi pabbatapāde samantā mahantaṃ khettaṃ katvā tattha kedārapāḷīsu kuṭiyo katvā rattiṃ aggiṃ jāleyya, caturaṅgasamannāgatañca andhakāraṃ bhaveyya, athassa pabbatassa matthake ṭhatvā cakkhumato purisassa bhūmippadesaṃ olokayato neva khettaṃ, na kedārapāḷiyo, na kuṭiyo, na tattha sayitamanussā paññāyeyyuṃ, kuṭīsu pana aggijālamattameva paññāyeyya, evaṃ dhammamayaṃ pāsādamāruyha sattakāyaṃ olokayato tathāgatassa ye te akatakalyāṇā sattā, te ekavihāre dakkhiṇapasse nisinnāpi buddhañāṇassa āpāthaṃ nāgacchanti, rattiṃ khittasarā viya honti. Ye pana katakalyāṇā veneyyapuggalā, te evassa dūrepi ṭhitā āpāthaṃ āgacchanti, so aggi viya himavantapabbato viya ca vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘Dūre santo pakāsenti, himavantova pabbato;

Asantettha na dissanti, rattiṃ khittā yathā sarā’’ti. (dha. pa. 304; netti. 11);

Evametasmiṃ sutte gāthāsu ca bhagavā attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā dassesi.

Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.