| Weather / Tanzania Weather Temperature |
Weather Forecast for Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba, Tanzania)
Forecast Overview
Mon Dec 23 
88°F 75°F 31°C 24°C Chance of light rain until 3 pm.
detailsTue Dec 24 
88°F 75°F 31°C 24°C Considerable cloudiness.
detailsWed Dec 25 
88°F 75°F 31°C 24°C Chance of rain in the morning.
detailsThu Dec 26 
86°F 73°F 30°C 23°C Chance of rain at various times.
detailsFri Dec 27 86°F 75°F 30°C 24°C Chance of rain in the morning and in the afternoon.
detailsSat Dec 28 86°F 75°F 30°C 24°C Considerable cloudiness.
detailsSun Dec 29 88°F 75°F 31°C 24°C Partly cloudy skies.
detailsMon Dec 30 
88°F 77°F 31°C 25°C Chance of light rain in the morning.
detailsTue Dec 31 
88°F 77°F 31°C 25°C More sun than clouds.
detailsWed Jan 1 
88°F 75°F 31°C 24°C Chance of light rain in the morning.
detailsThu Jan 2 90°F 75°F 32°C 24°C Chance of light rain in the morning.
detailsFri Jan 3 90°F 75°F 32°C 24°C Mostly cloudy skies.
detailsSat Jan 4 90°F 77°F 32°C 25°C Chance of rain in the morning.
detailsSun Jan 5 88°F 77°F 31°C 25°C Chance of light rain in the morning.
details
Detailed Forecast
| Sunday, December 22 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:07 sunset: 18:35 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 09:00 12:00 |  | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.75 mm). | 85°F (29°C) | 3 mph (6 km/h) | 67% | 0.169% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Sunny. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1.0625 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 3 mph (4 km/h) | 65% | 0.175% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Mostly cloudy. | 81°F (27°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 75% | 0.171% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Mostly cloudy. | 77°F (25°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 85% | 0.171% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Times of clear skies and clouds. | 76°F (24°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 90% | 0.168% |
| Monday, December 23 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:07 sunset: 18:35 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 90% | 0.168% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.4375 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 90% | 0.17% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 82°F (28°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 77% | 0.169% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.375 mm). | 83°F (29°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 74% | 0.167% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.5625 mm). | 87°F (30°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 64% | 0.166% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Sunny. | 82°F (28°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 74% | 0.161% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Clear. | 77°F (25°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 87% | 0.161% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Mostly clear, with a few passing clouds. | 76°F (24°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 89% | 0.161% |
| Tuesday, December 24 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:08 sunset: 18:36 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Clear. | 75°F (24°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 89% | 0.161% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Mostly clear. | 74°F (24°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 87% | 0.161% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Overcast. | 83°F (28°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 68% | 0.159% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Overcast. | 86°F (30°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 61% | 0.153% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | More sun than clouds. | 88°F (31°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 58% | 0.147% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Sunny. | 83°F (28°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 73% | 0.145% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 77°F (25°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 87% | 0.146% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 76°F (25°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 89% | 0.144% |
| Wednesday, December 25 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:08 sunset: 18:36 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 92% | 0.144% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.5 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 91% | 0.144% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.3125 mm). | 83°F (28°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 71% | 0.143% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.12 in (2.9375 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 5 mph (7 km/h) | 72% | 0.161% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.3125 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 63% | 0.18% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Overcast. | 81°F (27°C) | 8 mph (12 km/h) | 74% | 0.174% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 77°F (25°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 85% | 0.175% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.875 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 5 mph (9 km/h) | 92% | 0.18% |
| Thursday, December 26 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:09 sunset: 18:37 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.3125 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 92% | 0.188% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.13 in (3.375 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 93% | 0.231% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.34 in (8.625 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 83% | 0.267% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.14 in (3.5 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 72% | 0.255% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1.0625 mm). | 85°F (29°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 70% | 0.235% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 81% | 0.228% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 86% | 0.223% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. | 76°F (25°C) | 5 mph (7 km/h) | 88% | 0.222% |
| Friday, December 27 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:09 sunset: 18:37 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Considerable cloudiness. | 76°F (24°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 89% | 0.218% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Clear. | 76°F (24°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 90% | 0.214% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 69% | 0.21% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.75 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 75% | 0.204% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.25 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 64% | 0.205% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 82°F (28°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 75% | 0.199% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 78°F (26°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 83% | 0.197% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. | 77°F (25°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 81% | 0.196% |
| Saturday, December 28 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:10 sunset: 18:38 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Times of clear skies and clouds. | 76°F (25°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 85% | 0.193% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 78°F (25°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 84% | 0.195% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.25 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 9 mph (15 km/h) | 82% | 0.193% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 12 mph (20 km/h) | 66% | 0.186% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 13 mph (21 km/h) | 62% | 0.176% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Overcast. | 82°F (28°C) | 9 mph (15 km/h) | 76% | 0.173% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 78°F (25°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 83% | 0.174% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Clear. | 77°F (25°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 84% | 0.172% |
| Sunday, December 29 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:10 sunset: 18:38 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Mostly clear. | 76°F (25°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 84% | 0.173% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Mostly cloudy. | 80°F (27°C) | 13 mph (21 km/h) | 74% | 0.172% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Sunny. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 82°F (28°C) | 15 mph (24 km/h) | 74% | 0.17% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Times of sun and clouds. | 85°F (30°C) | 16 mph (26 km/h) | 64% | 0.162% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Overcast. | 87°F (31°C) | 14 mph (22 km/h) | 57% | 0.155% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | More sun than clouds. | 82°F (28°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 72% | 0.151% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 79°F (26°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 78% | 0.151% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | A few passing clouds. | 79°F (26°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 81% | 0.151% |
| Monday, December 30 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:11 sunset: 18:39 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Overcast. | 77°F (25°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 85% | 0.153% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 80°F (27°C) | 12 mph (19 km/h) | 76% | 0.151% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 13 mph (21 km/h) | 78% | 0.15% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Sunny. | 86°F (30°C) | 16 mph (26 km/h) | 64% | 0.147% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Mostly cloudy. | 87°F (31°C) | 15 mph (24 km/h) | 56% | 0.139% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Sunny. | 83°F (28°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 70% | 0.136% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Clear. | 80°F (26°C) | 12 mph (20 km/h) | 77% | 0.135% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Clear. | 79°F (26°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 79% | 0.136% |
| Tuesday, December 31 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:11 sunset: 18:39 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Partly cloudy. | 77°F (25°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 84% | 0.136% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 80°F (27°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 76% | 0.136% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Considerable cloudiness. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 12 mph (19 km/h) | 75% | 0.135% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 15 mph (24 km/h) | 65% | 0.132% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Sunny. | 88°F (31°C) | 14 mph (23 km/h) | 55% | 0.126% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Sunny. | 83°F (28°C) | 10 mph (17 km/h) | 71% | 0.124% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Clear. | 80°F (27°C) | 12 mph (19 km/h) | 76% | 0.124% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Partly cloudy. | 80°F (26°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 76% | 0.124% |
| Wednesday, January 1 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:11 sunset: 18:39 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Partly cloudy. | 77°F (25°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 82% | 0.124% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Mostly clear. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 76°F (25°C) | 7 mph (12 km/h) | 86% | 0.124% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 12 mph (20 km/h) | 69% | 0.123% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Considerable cloudiness. | 87°F (30°C) | 13 mph (21 km/h) | 62% | 0.119% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Sunny. | 88°F (31°C) | 12 mph (20 km/h) | 53% | 0.115% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Sunny. | 81°F (27°C) | 12 mph (20 km/h) | 72% | 0.113% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Mostly cloudy. | 79°F (26°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 78% | 0.113% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. | 77°F (25°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 87% | 0.113% |
| Thursday, January 2 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:12 sunset: 18:40 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 87% | 0.113% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 89% | 0.113% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.625 mm). | 83°F (28°C) | 8 mph (12 km/h) | 76% | 0.113% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Sunny. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 88°F (31°C) | 9 mph (15 km/h) | 60% | 0.11% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Overcast. | 90°F (32°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 54% | 0.108% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Sunny. | 83°F (28°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 73% | 0.108% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 79°F (26°C) | 9 mph (14 km/h) | 82% | 0.106% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. | 78°F (25°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 87% | 0.106% |
| Friday, January 3 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:12 sunset: 18:40 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Overcast. | 77°F (25°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 88% | 0.106% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Overcast. | 76°F (25°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 88% | 0.104% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Overcast. | 84°F (29°C) | 7 mph (12 km/h) | 67% | 0.106% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Overcast. | 88°F (31°C) | 10 mph (17 km/h) | 59% | 0.104% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Sunny. | 89°F (32°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 58% | 0.099% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | A few passing clouds. | 83°F (28°C) | 11 mph (17 km/h) | 73% | 0.097% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 78°F (26°C) | 8 mph (13 km/h) | 83% | 0.097% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. | 78°F (26°C) | 7 mph (12 km/h) | 86% | 0.099% |
| Saturday, January 4 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:13 sunset: 18:41 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Partly cloudy. | 77°F (25°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 91% | 0.097% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Considerable cloudiness. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 76°F (25°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 91% | 0.098% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.6875 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 11 mph (17 km/h) | 72% | 0.099% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.4375 mm). | 88°F (31°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 62% | 0.096% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.375 mm). | 89°F (32°C) | 13 mph (21 km/h) | 57% | 0.093% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | More sun than clouds. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1.125 mm). | 82°F (28°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 77% | 0.092% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 80°F (27°C) | 9 mph (15 km/h) | 78% | 0.092% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 78°F (26°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 84% | 0.09% |
| Sunday, January 5 | Kisongoni (Zanzibar and Pemba) sunrise: 06:13 sunset: 18:41 |
| Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
| 00:00 03:00 | | Clear. | 77°F (25°C) | 7 mph (11 km/h) | 87% | 0.092% |
| 03:00 06:00 | | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.375 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 10 mph (16 km/h) | 89% | 0.092% |
| 06:00 09:00 | | Sunny. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.6875 mm). | 83°F (28°C) | 12 mph (20 km/h) | 74% | 0.096% |
| 09:00 12:00 | | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.25 mm). | 87°F (30°C) | 15 mph (24 km/h) | 62% | 0.091% |
| 12:00 15:00 | | Sunny. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 88°F (31°C) | 15 mph (24 km/h) | 54% | 0.09% |
| 15:00 18:00 | | Mostly cloudy. | 84°F (29°C) | 11 mph (18 km/h) | 66% | 0.089% |
| 18:00 21:00 | | Overcast. | 80°F (26°C) | 12 mph (19 km/h) | 77% | 0.089% |
| 21:00 00:00 | | Clear. | 79°F (26°C) | 9 mph (15 km/h) | 80% | 0.089% |
Kisongoni (latitude 06°00'S, longitude 039°18'E)
Kisongoni - other nearby places: Mdodo Pilau (1 miles / 1.8 km away), Ngava (2 miles / 3.7 km away), Uchejua (3 miles / 4.1 km away), Juga Kuu (3 miles / 4.1 km away), Tunduni (4 miles / 6.6 km away), Bumbwisudi (4 miles / 6.6 km away), Chaani Kubwa (5 miles / 7.4 km away), Masingini (5 miles / 7.6 km away), Mbiji (5 miles / 7.8 km away), Panga Maua (6 miles / 9.2 km away), Kiwengwa (6 miles / 9.2 km away).
View weather forecasts for other places in Tanzania
Forecasts for Other Places:
Kisumba
57°F ... 75°F (14°C ... 24°C)
Partly cloudy skies. Estimated precipitation: 0.1875 mm.
Kiswago
68°F ... 93°F (20°C ... 34°C)
Partly cloudy skies. Estimated precipitation: 0.3125 mm.
Kitama
72°F ... 93°F (22°C ... 34°C)
Times of sun and clouds. Estimated precipitation: 0.875 mm.
Kitandi
70°F ... 88°F (21°C ... 31°C)
Chance of rain in the morning and early afternoon (between 9 am and 3 pm). The precipitation may fall as scattered showers of varying intensity. Estimated precipitation: 3.375 mm.
Kitanga
64°F ... 72°F (18°C ... 22°C)
Chance of rain before sunrise (between 3 am and 6 am). Estimated precipitation: 2.8125 mm.
Kitangari
68°F ... 86°F (20°C ... 30°C)
Chance of rain in the morning (between 6 am and 12 pm). The precipitation may fall as scattered showers of varying intensity. Estimated precipitation: 2.5625 mm.
Kitati
63°F ... 86°F (17°C ... 30°C)
Mostly cloudy skies.
Kitaya
73°F ... 93°F (23°C ... 34°C)
Chance of rain early in the morning (between 6 am and 9 am). The precipitation may fall as scattered showers of varying intensity. Estimated precipitation: 1.8125 mm.
Kiterere
63°F ... 77°F (17°C ... 25°C)
Chance of rain before sunrise (from midnight to 6 am), early in the afternoon (from 12 pm to 3 pm) and again in the evening (from 6 pm to 9 pm). The precipitation may fall as scattered showers of varying intensity. Estimated precipitation: 17.9375 mm.
Kitete
68°F ... 90°F (20°C ... 32°C)
More sun than clouds.