X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1

X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1 (XRCC1), encoded by the XRCC1 gene, functions in the repair of single-strand DNA breaks and sister chromatid exchange. With no catalytic activity, XRCC1 is required to interact with polynucleotide kinase (PNK) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, linking DNA polymerase-beta and DNA ligase III (LIG3) with single-strand break repair and short-patch base excision repair, respectively, after treatment with ionizing radiation and alkylating agents. In the initial step of processing damaged DNA ends, XRCC1 stimulates the DNA kinase and DNA phosphatase activities of PNK at damaged DNA termini, thus accelerating the overall repair reaction in mammalian single-strand break repair pathway. XRCC1 is also required for full activity of LIG3 in rejoining of broken DNA strands. A rare microsatellite polymorphism in this gene is associated with cancer in patients of varying radiosensitivity. (NCI Thesaurus)

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The type of absorbent material in an X-ray filter.

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The cumulative time a subject was exposed to X-rays.