Philosophy and Religion / Yoga Vāsistha / Yoga-Vāsistha (6.1): Nirvāna-Prakarana

Válmiki

Yoga-Vāsistha, Book 6: Nirvāna-Prakarana (On ultimate extinction). Chapter 22 - Account of Fast Ages

Bhuśunda continued- Moreover I will tell you sir, many other things that I remember to have occurred in the course of the world, and under the flight of by gone times, I remember the births of the seers Bharadwāja, Pulasta, Atr, Nārada, Indra, the Marīcis and yourselves also.

I bear in my mind the venerable Pulaha, Uddālaka, Kratu, Bhrgu, Angiras and sanat kumara, Bhrngi and ganesa, and skanda and others in their train, who were known as Siddharsis or consummate sages of yore.

I retain the memory of Garuī, Sarasvatī, Laxmī, Gayatrī and many more famous females, who are reckoned as female personifications of divine attributes. I have seen the mountains Meru, Mandāra, Kailāśa, the Himalayas and the Dardura hills.

I carry in my memory the exploits of the demons Hiranyāksa, Kālanīmī, Hayagrva, Hiranaya-Kasipu, Vati and Prahlāda and many others of the Dānava or Demoniac race.

I keep in my mind the remembrance of the renowned Sibi, Nyanku, Prthu, Vainya, Nala, Nābhāga, Mandhāta, Sagara, Dilīpa and Nahusa kings of men and rulers of earth.

I know by heart the names of Atrya, Vyāsa, Vālmīka, Śukadeva, Vātsyayana and other sages, and know by rote the names of Upamanyu, Manimanki, Bhagīratha and other pious princes of old.

So there are many things of remote past times, and others of later ages and some relating to the present age; all of which are imprinted in the memory, wherefore it is needless to recount them over again.

O you Sagely, son of Brahmā! I remember your eight births, in the eight different epochs of the world, and this is verily your eight births in which you hast become a guest to my nest.

You are at one time born of air, and at another of heavenly fire; you are some time produced from water, and at others from empty vacuity or of the solid rock. ¹

The constitution of created bodies, conforms us with the nature of the principle, elements of which they are formed; and the positions of heavenly bodies, have a great influence on their production. I have witnessed three such formations of the world composed of igneous aquacous and terrene substances at different times.

I remember ten repeated creations, in which the usages of people were uniform and alike; and the gods were settled in their abodes ². They were coeval with the Asuras whom they braved in battle, and were located in their homestead.

I saw the earth sinking five times under, and lifted up as many times by the divine Kurmamanantara or incarnation of Visnu in the form of the tortoise, from below the overflowing ocean.

I witnessed the great tumult of Suras and Asuras or the Gods and demigods, in uprooting and uplifting the Mandāra mountain, for churning out the last ambrosia from underneath the ocean for twelve times over. ³

Thrice have seen the imposting Hiranyāksa, that levied his tax upon the gods in heaven, hurling the fruitful earth with all her balmy and medicinal plants underneath the ocean.

I beheld Hari to have come down six times in the shape of Renuka's son or Parasurāma, and extirpates the Ksetrya race at the intervals of very long periods.

I remember, O Sage! the return of a hundred kaliyuga ages, and a hundred incarnations of Hari in the form of Buddha, and as the son of royal Śuka or suddhadana in the land of Kirata.

I bear in my remembrance the overthrow of trpura thrice ten times by Śiva, and the discomfiture of Daksas' ceremony for more than once by the irritated Hara; and I recall to my mind the downfall of ten Indras by the offending God, who bears the crescent moon of his forehead, ⁴.

I recollect the battle that has been fought eight times between Hari and Hara, and the first appearance of visņu and śiva, jvaras or the cold typhoid fevers in this conflicts. ⁵

I remember, O silent Sage! the difference in the intellects of men at every succeeding age, and the various readings of Vedas at the ceremonial observances of mankind. ⁶

O sinless saint! The Purānas also though they agree in the main substance, are so full of interpolations, that they have been greatly multiplied in successive ages. ⁷

I remember also many historical works, which has been composed by authors learned in the Vedas in the succeeding ages. ⁸

I have the recollection of the other wondrous composition of legendary accounts, under the title of the Mahārāmāyana a work comprising one hundred thousand šlokas or tetra sticks, and replete with sound wisdom. ⁹

This work presents the conduct of Rāma for the imitation of the men, and sets the misbehaviour of Rāvana to the opprobrium of mankind. This precept contains the essence of all wisdom, and serves as the luscious fruit of the tree of knowledge, placed in the palm of all people. ¹⁰

This work is composed by Vālmikī, who will compose some others also in time; and these you will come to know, when they will be presented to world in time; ¹¹. ¹²

This work whether it is a composition of Vālmikī, or the composition of some other person, is published for the twelve times, and is now going to be almost forgotten by men.

The other work of like importance, is known under the name of Bhārata; I remember it to have been written by Vyāsa at first, but is becoming obsolete at present.

Whether it is the composition of person known by the name of Vyāsa, or a compilation of some other person, it has upto this time undergone its seventh edition, and is now going fastly to be forgotten.

I remember also, O chief of Sages! many tales and novels and other śāstras, composed in every age and Yoga; which have been written in a variety of styles and diction.

O good sage! I remember to have seen also many new production and inventions, following one another in succeeding age; and it is impossible to innumerate this enumerable series of things.

I remember the Lord Visnu descending many times on earth, for the destruction of ferocious Rākasas, and is now to appear here the eleventh time under the appellation of Rāma.

I know the lord Hari to have thrice come down in his form of Nrsinha or leonine man, and thrashed the demon Hiranya-Kasipu as many times, as a lion kills a gigantic elephant. ¹³

Visnu is yet to be born in his sixteenth incarnation at Vasudeva abode, for the purpose of reasoning the earth from the berthen of the oppression of its tyrannic lords and despots.

This cosmic phenomenon is nor reality, nor it is even in existence; it is but a temporary illusion, and appears as bubble of water to disappear in next moment.

This temporary illusion of the phenomenals, rises and sets in the conscious soul of its own accord; as the boisterous billows heave and subside themselves in the bosom of the waters.

I have known the world to be sometimes uniform in its course and in the state of things, at others there is a partial difference in there nature and order, and again total change has also been observed to take place in the constitution of things. ¹⁴

I remember the former nature and state of things, and the manner and actions of bygone people and the usages of those times; I saw them give room to others in their turn and those again to be displaced by others. ¹⁵

Every Manwantara or revolution of time; is attended O Brāhman! with a reversion in the course of the world; and a new generation is born to suppliant the old men of renown.

I have then a new set of friends and a new train of relatives; I get a new batch of servants, and a new habitation for my dwelling.

I had to remain same times in my solitary retreat by the side of the Vindhayan range, and some times on the ridge of the Sahya Mountain. I had at other times my residence on the Dardura Hills, and so my lodging is ever shifting from one place to another and never fixed in any spot forever. ¹⁶

I have often been a resident of the Himąlayas, and of the Malaya Mountain in the south of India, and then led by destiny as described before, I have found my last abode on this mount of Meru.

By getting to it, I built my nest on the branch of an Amra or mango tree, and continued to live there, O chief of the Muni! for ages and time without end.

It is by my pristine destiny that this tree has grown here for my residence, therefore, O sage! I can have no release from this body of mine to come to my desirable end. ¹⁷

It is by appointment of the predestination, that the same tree has grown here in the form of the ­kalpa arbour, which preserves the beauty even now, as it did at the time when my father Canda had been living.

Being thus preordained by destiny I was settled in this place, when there had been no distinction of the quarters of heaven as the north or east, nor of the sky or mountain.

Then the north was on another side, and this Meru was in another place; I was then one and alone, and devoid of any form or body, and was as bright as the essence, which is never shrouded by the darkness of night.

After awaking from the insensibility of my trance ¹⁸, I saw and recognized all the objects of creation ¹⁹; and knew the situations of the Meru and other hills and dales from the positions of the stars, and the motions of heavenly bodies.

The site of the polar circle of Meru and the course of the planets being changed in different creations, there ensues an alteration of the points of the compass, and a difference in the sides of the quarters; therefore there is nothing as a positive truth, except our conception of it such and such.

It is the vibration of the soul, that displays these wonderful conceptions in the mind; and excites the various phenomena in nature. It converts a son to a father and makes a son of the father, and represents a friend as a foe and again shows a foe in the light of a friend. ²⁰

I remember many men to become effeminate, and many women also to grow quite masculine; and I have seen the good manners of the golden age to prevail in Kali, and those of Iron-age gaining ground in its preceding ages.

I have seen also many men in the Tretā and Dwāpara Yugas or the silver and brazen ages of the world, that were ignorant of the Vedas and unacquainted with their precepts; and followed the fictions of their own invention which led them to heterodoxy.

I remember also O Brāhman! the laxity of manners and morals among the gods, demigods and men since the beginning of the world.

I remember after the lapse of a thousand cycles of the four Yuga ages, that Brahmā created from his mind some aerial beings of unearthly forms; and these spiritual beings occupied a space extending over ten cycles of creations.

I remember likewise the varying positions and ,boundaries of countries, and also the very changing and diversified actions and occupations of their people. I remember too the various costumes and fashions and amusements of men, during the ceaseless course of days and nights in the endless duration of time.

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