7. (Apara)-gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vijāneyya sakaṃ atthantiādikā āyasmato aparassa gotamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva sāvatthiyaṃ udiccabrāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā, vādamaggaṃ uggahetvā attano vādassa upari uttariṃ vadantaṃ alabhanto tehi tehi viggāhikakathaṃ anuyutto vicarati. Atha amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena yasādike veneyye vinetvā anāthapiṇḍikassa abhiyācanāya sāvatthiṃ upagacchi. Tadā satthu jetavanapaṭiggahe paṭiladdhasaddho satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā aññataraṃ piṇḍacārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘bhikkhu, imaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So tena pabbājiyamāno khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā kosalajanapadaṃ gantvā tattha ciraṃ vasitvā puna sāvatthiṃ paccāgami. Taṃ bahū ñātakā brāhmaṇamahāsālā upasaṅkamitvā payirupāsitvā nisinnā ‘‘imasmiṃ loke bahū samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṃsāre suddhivādā, tesu katamesaṃ nu kho vādo niyyāniko, kathaṃ paṭipajjanto saṃsārato sujjhatī’’ti pucchiṃsu. Thero tesaṃ tamatthaṃ pakāsento –

587.

‘‘Vijāneyya sakaṃ atthaṃ, avalokeyyātha pāvacanaṃ;

Yañcettha assa patirūpaṃ, sāmaññaṃ ajjhūpagatassa.

588.

‘‘Mittaṃ idha ca kalyāṇaṃ, sikkhā vipulaṃ samādānaṃ;

Sussūsā ca garūnaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

589.

‘‘Buddhesu sagāravatā, dhamme apaciti yathābhūtaṃ;

Saṅghe ca cittīkāro, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

590.

‘‘Ācāragocare yutto, ājīvo sodhito agārayho;

Cittassa ca saṇṭhapanaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

591.

‘‘Cārittaṃ atha vārittaṃ, iriyāpathiyaṃ pasādaniyaṃ;

Adhicitte ca āyogo, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

592.

‘‘Āraññakāni senāsanāni, pantāni appasaddāni;

Bhajitabbāni muninā, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

593.

‘‘Sīlañca bāhusaccañca, dhammānaṃ pavicayo yathābhūtaṃ;

Saccānaṃ abhisamayo, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

594.

‘‘Bhāveyya ca aniccanti, anattasaññaṃ asubhasaññañca;

Lokamhi ca anabhiratiṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

595.

‘‘Bhāveyya ca bojjhaṅge, iddhipādāni indriyāni balāni;

Aṭṭhaṅgamaggamariyaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpaṃ.

596.

‘‘Taṇhaṃ pajaheyya muni, samūlake āsave padāleyya;

Vihareyya vippamutto, etaṃ samaṇassa patirūpa’’nti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha vijāneyya sakaṃ atthanti, viññūjātiko puriso attano atthaṃ yāthāvato vicāretvā jāneyya. Vicārento ca avalokeyyātha pāvacanaṃ idha loke puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇehi sammāsambuddhena ca pavuttaṃ pāvacanaṃ, samayo. Tattha yaṃ niyyānikaṃ, taṃ olokeyya paññācakkhunā passeyya. Ime hi nānātitthiyā samaṇabrāhmaṇā anicce ‘‘nicca’’nti, anattani ‘‘attā’’ti, asuddhimaggañca ‘‘suddhimaggo’’ti micchābhinivesino aññamaññañca viruddhavādā, tasmā nesaṃ vādo aniyyāniko. Sammāsambuddho pana ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā, sabbe dhammā anattā, santaṃ nibbāna’’nti sayambhūñāṇena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāya pavedeti, tasmā ‘‘tassa vādo niyyāniko’’ti satthu sāsanamahantataṃ olokeyyāti attho. Yañcettha assa patirūpaṃ, sāmaññaṃ ajjhūpagatassāti, sāmaññaṃ samaṇabhāvaṃ pabbajjaṃ upagatassa kulaputtassa yaṃ ettha sāsane pabbajitabhāve vā patirūpaṃ yuttarūpaṃ sāruppaṃ assa siyā, tampi apalokeyya.

Kiṃ pana tanti āha ‘‘mittaṃ idha ca kalyāṇa’’ntiādi. Imasmiṃ sāsane kalyāṇamittaṃ seviyamānaṃ samaṇassa patirūpanti yojanā. Esa nayo itaresupi. Kalyāṇamittañhi nissāya akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti, suddhamattānaṃ pariharati. Sikkhā vipulaṃ samādānanti vipulaṃ sikkhāsamādānaṃ, mahatiyā nibbānāvahāya adhisīlādisikkhāya anuṭṭhānanti attho. Sussūsā ca garūnanti garūnaṃ ācariyupajjhāyādīnaṃ kalyāṇamittānaṃ ovādassa sotukamyatā pāricariyā ca. Etanti kalyāṇamittasevanādi.

Buddhesu sagāravatāti sabbaññubuddhesu ‘‘sammāsambuddho bhagavā’’ti gāravayogo garucittīkāro. Dhamme apaciti yathābhūtanti ariyadhamme yāthāvato apacāyanaṃ ādarena abhipūjanaṃ. Saṅgheti ariyasaṅghe. Cittīkāroti sakkāro sammānanaṃ. Etanti ratanattayagarukaraṇaṃ.

Ācāragocare yuttoti kāyikavācasikavītikkamanasaṅkhātaṃ anācāraṃ, piṇḍapātādīnaṃ atthāya upasaṅkamituṃ ayuttaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ vesiyādiagocarañca pahāya kāyikavācasikaavītikkamanasaṅkhātena ācārena piṇḍapātādīnaṃ atthāya upasaṅkamituṃ yuttaṭṭhānabhūtena gocarena ca yutto sampanno, sampannaācāragocaroti attho. Ājīvo sodhitoti veḷudānādiṃ buddhapaṭikuṭṭhaṃ anesanaṃ pahāya anavajjuppāde paccaye sevantassa ājīvo sodhito hoti suvisuddho, sodhitattā eva agārayho viññūhi. Cittassa ca saṇṭhapananti yathā cakkhādidvārehi rūpādiārammaṇesu abhijjhādayo nappavattanti, evaṃ diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattādivasena cittassa sammā ṭhapanaṃ. Etanti ācāragocarasampatti ājīvapārisuddhi indriyesu guttadvāratāti etaṃ tayaṃ.

Cārittanti caritvā paripūretabbasīlaṃ. Vārittanti viratiyā akaraṇena paripūretabbasīlaṃ. Iriyāpathiyaṃ pasādaniyanti paresaṃ pasādāvahaṃ ākappasampattinimittaṃ iriyāpathanissitaṃ sampajaññaṃ. Adhicitte ca āyogoti samathavipassanāsu anuyogo bhāvanā.

Āraññakānīti araññe pariyāpannāni. Pantānīti vivittāni.

Sīlanti catupārisuddhisīlaṃ. Heṭṭhā hi bhinditvā vuttaṃ, idha abhinditvā vadati. Bāhusaccanti bahussutabhāvo. So hi bhāvanānuyogassa bahukāro, bojjhaṅgakosallaanuttarasītibhāvaadhicittayuttatādīsu sammā pavicayabahulassa samathavipassanānuyogo sampajjati. Dhammānaṃ pavicayo yathābhūtanti rūpārūpadhammānaṃ aviparītasalakkhaṇato sāmaññalakkhaṇato ca parivīmaṃsā. Iminā adhipaññādhammavipassanamāha. Saccānaṃ abhisamayoti dukkhādīnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ pariññābhisamayādivasena paṭivedho.

Svāyaṃ saccābhisamayo yathā hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘bhāveyyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha bhāveyya ca aniccanti ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 277) avibhāgato ‘‘yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppanna’’ntiādinā (vibha. 2; saṃ. ni. 3.49) vibhāgato vā sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccasaññaṃ bhāveyya uppādeyya ceva vaḍḍheyya cāti attho. Anattasaññanti, ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti pavattaṃ anattasaññañca bhāveyyāti yojanā. Evaṃ sesesupi. Asubhasaññanti, karajakāye sabbasmimpi vā tebhūmakasaṅkhāre kilesāsucipaggharaṇato ‘‘asubhā’’ti pavattasaññaṃ. Dukkhasaññāparivārā hi ayaṃ, eteneva cettha dukkhasaññāpi gahitāti veditabbaṃ. Lokamhi ca anabhiratinti sabbaloke tebhūmakesu saṅkhāresu anābhiratisaññaṃ. Etena ādīnavānupassanaṃ nibbidānupassanañca vadati.

Evaṃ pana vipassanābhāvanaṃ anuyutto taṃ ussukkāpento ime dhamme vaḍḍheyyāti dassento ‘‘bhāveyya ca bojjhaṅge’’ti gāthamāha. Tassattho – bodhiyā satiādisattavidhadhammasāmaggiyā, bodhissa vā taṃsamaṅgino puggalassa aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā, satiādayo dhammā. Te satiādike sattabojjhaṅge, chandaādīni cattāri iddhipādāni, saddhādīni pañcindriyāni, saddhādīniyeva pañca balāni, sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgaariyamaggañca. Ca-saddena satipaṭṭhānāni sammappadhānāni ca gahitānīti sabbepi sattatiṃsappabhede bodhipakkhiyadhamme bhāveyya uppādeyya ceva vaḍḍheyya ca. Tattha yadetesaṃ paṭhamamaggakkhaṇe uppādanaṃ, uparimaggakkhaṇe ca vaḍḍhanaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa bhikkhuno sāruppanti.

Evaṃ bodhipakkhiyasattatiṃsadhamme bhāvento yathā maggasaccaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena abhisameti, evaṃ samudayasaccaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena, nirodhasaccaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena abhisametīti dassento ‘‘taṇhaṃ pajaheyyā’’ti osānagāthamāha. Tattha taṇhaṃ pajaheyyāti, kāmataṇhādipabhedaṃ sabbaṃ taṇhaṃ ariyamaggena anavasesato samucchindeyya, monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ, tena samannāgatattā muni. Samūlake āsave padāleyyāti kāmarāgānusayādisamūlake kāmāsavādike sabbepi āsave bhindeyya samucchindeyya. Vihareyya vippamuttoti evaṃ sabbaso kilesānaṃ pahīnattā sabbadhi vimutto sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggaṃ nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikatvā vihareyya. Etanti yadetaṃ viharaṇaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa samitapāpassa bhikkhuno patirūpaṃ sāruppanti attho.

Evaṃ thero samaṇasāruppapaṭipattikittanamukhena sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ tabbilomato bāhirakasamayassa aniyyānikatañca vibhāvesi. Taṃ sutvā te brāhmaṇamahāsālā sāsane abhippasannā saraṇādīsu patiṭṭhahiṃsu.

(Apara)-gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.