Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Saṁyutta Nikāya, English translation |
संयुत्त निकाय १२।३३
Saṁyutta Nikāya 12.33
The Related Suttas Collection 12.33
४। कळारखत्तियवग्ग
4. Kaḷārakhattiyavagga
4. Kaḷāra the Aristocrat
ञाणवत्थुसुत्त
Ñāṇavatthusutta
Grounds for Knowledge
सावत्थियं …
Sāvatthiyaṁ …
At Sāvatthī.
“चतुचत्तारीसं वो, भिक्खवे, ञाणवत्थूनि देसेस्सामि, तं सुणाथ, साधुकं मनसि करोथ, भासिस्सामी”ति।
“Catucattārīsaṁ vo, bhikkhave, ñāṇavatthūni desessāmi, taṁ suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.
“Bhikkhus, I will teach forty-four grounds for knowledge. Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”
“एवं, भन्ते”ति खो ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:
“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Yes, sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
“कतमानि, भिक्खवे, चतुचत्तारीसं ञाणवत्थूनि? जरामरणे ञाणं, जरामरणसमुदये ञाणं, जरामरणनिरोधे ञाणं, जरामरणनिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं; जातिया ञाणं, जातिसमुदये ञाणं, जातिनिरोधे ञाणं, जातिनिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं; भवे ञाणं, भवसमुदये ञाणं, भवनिरोधे ञाणं, भवनिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं; उपादाने ञाणं, उपादानसमुदये ञाणं, उपादाननिरोधे ञाणं, उपादाननिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं; तण्हाय ञाणं, तण्हासमुदये ञाणं, तण्हानिरोधे ञाणं, तण्हानिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं; वेदनाय ञाणं, वेदनासमुदये ञाणं, वेदनानिरोधे ञाणं, वेदनानिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं; फस्से ञाणं …पे… सळायतने ञाणं … नामरूपे ञाणं … विञ्ञाणे ञाणं … सङ्खारेसु ञाणं, सङ्खारसमुदये ञाणं, सङ्खारनिरोधे ञाणं, सङ्खारनिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं। इमानि वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, चतुचत्तारीसं ञाणवत्थूनि।
“Katamāni, bhikkhave, catucattārīsaṁ ñāṇavatthūni? Jarāmaraṇe ñāṇaṁ, jarāmaraṇasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, jarāmaraṇanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ; jātiyā ñāṇaṁ, jātisamudaye ñāṇaṁ, jātinirodhe ñāṇaṁ, jātinirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ; bhave ñāṇaṁ, bhavasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, bhavanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, bhavanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ; upādāne ñāṇaṁ, upādānasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, upādānanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, upādānanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ; taṇhāya ñāṇaṁ, taṇhāsamudaye ñāṇaṁ, taṇhānirodhe ñāṇaṁ, taṇhānirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ; vedanāya ñāṇaṁ, vedanāsamudaye ñāṇaṁ, vedanānirodhe ñāṇaṁ, vedanānirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ; phasse ñāṇaṁ …pe… saḷāyatane ñāṇaṁ … nāmarūpe ñāṇaṁ … viññāṇe ñāṇaṁ … saṅkhāresu ñāṇaṁ, saṅkhārasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, saṅkhāranirodhe ñāṇaṁ, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ. Imāni vuccanti, bhikkhave, catucattārīsaṁ ñāṇavatthūni.
“And what are the forty-four grounds for knowledge? Knowledge of old age and death, knowledge of the origin of old age and death, knowledge of the cessation of old age and death, and knowledge of the practice that leads to the cessation of old age and death. Knowledge of rebirth … Knowledge of continued existence … Knowledge of grasping … Knowledge of craving … Knowledge of feeling … Knowledge of contact … Knowledge of the six sense fields … Knowledge of name and form … Knowledge of consciousness … Knowledge of choices, knowledge of the origin of choices, knowledge of the cessation of choices, and knowledge of the practice that leads to the cessation of choices. These are called the forty-four grounds for knowledge.
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, जरामरणं? या तेसं तेसं सत्तानं तम्हि तम्हि सत्तनिकाये जरा जीरणता खण्डिच्चं पालिच्चं वलित्तचता आयुनो संहानि इन्द्रियानं परिपाको, अयं वुच्चति जरा। या तेसं तेसं सत्तानं तम्हा तम्हा सत्तनिकाया चुति चवनता भेदो अन्तरधानं मच्चु मरणं कालकिरिया खन्धानं भेदो कळेवरस्स निक्खेपो। इदं वुच्चति मरणं। इति अयञ्च जरा, इदञ्च मरणं; इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, जरामरणं।
Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ? Yā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṁ pāliccaṁ valittacatā āyuno saṁhāni indriyānaṁ paripāko, ayaṁ vuccati jarā. Yā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṁ maccu maraṇaṁ kālakiriyā khandhānaṁ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo. Idaṁ vuccati maraṇaṁ. Iti ayañca jarā, idañca maraṇaṁ; idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ.
And what is old age and death? The old age, decrepitude, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkly skin, diminished vitality, and failing faculties of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings. This is called old age. The passing away, perishing, disintegration, demise, mortality, death, decease, breaking up of the aggregates, and laying to rest of the corpse of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings. This is called death. Such is old age, and such is death. This is called old age and death.
जातिसमुदया जरामरणसमुदयो; जातिनिरोधा जरामरणनिरोधो; अयमेव अरियो अट्ठङ्गिको मग्गो जरामरणनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदा, सेय्यथिदं—सम्मादिट्ठि …पे… सम्मासमाधि।
Jātisamudayā jarāmaraṇasamudayo; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho; ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, seyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.
Rebirth is the origin of old age and death. When rebirth ceases, old age and death cease. The practice that leads to the cessation of old age and death is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.
यतो खो, भिक्खवे, अरियसावको एवं जरामरणं पजानाति, एवं जरामरणसमुदयं पजानाति, एवं जरामरणनिरोधं पजानाति, एवं जरामरणनिरोधगामिनिं पटिपदं पजानाति, इदमस्स धम्मे ञाणं। सो इमिना धम्मेन दिट्ठेन विदितेन अकालिकेन पत्तेन परियोगाळ्हेन अतीतानागतेन यं नेति।
Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṁ jarāmaraṇaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ jarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ jarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ pajānāti, idamassa dhamme ñāṇaṁ. So iminā dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgatena yaṁ neti.
A noble disciple understands old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation. This is their knowledge of the present phenomenon. With this present phenomenon that is seen, known, immediate, attained, and fathomed, they infer to the past and future.
ये खो केचि अतीतमद्धानं समणा वा ब्राह्मणा वा जरामरणं अब्भञ्ञंसु, जरामरणसमुदयं अब्भञ्ञंसु, जरामरणनिरोधं अब्भञ्ञंसु, जरामरणनिरोधगामिनिं पटिपदं अब्भञ्ञंसु, सब्बेते एवमेव अब्भञ्ञंसु, सेय्यथापाहं एतरहि।
Ye kho keci atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā jarāmaraṇaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, sabbete evameva abbhaññaṁsu, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahi.
Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the past directly knew old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them directly knew these things in exactly the same way that I do now.
येपि हि केचि अनागतमद्धानं समणा वा ब्राह्मणा वा जरामरणं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, जरामरणसमुदयं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, जरामरणनिरोधं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, जरामरणनिरोधगामिनिं पटिपदं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सब्बेते एवमेव अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सेय्यथापाहं एतरहीति। इदमस्स अन्वये ञाणं।
Yepi hi keci anāgatamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā jarāmaraṇaṁ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abhijānissanti, sabbete evameva abhijānissanti, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahīti. Idamassa anvaye ñāṇaṁ.
Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the future will directly know old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them will directly know these things in exactly the same way that I do now. This is their inferential knowledge.
यतो खो, भिक्खवे, अरियसावकस्स इमानि द्वे ञाणानि परिसुद्धानि होन्ति परियोदातानि—धम्मे ञाणञ्च अन्वये ञाणञ्च। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, अरियसावको दिट्ठिसम्पन्नो इतिपि, दस्सनसम्पन्नो इतिपि, आगतो इमं सद्धम्मं इतिपि, पस्सति इमं सद्धम्मं इतिपि, सेक्खेन ञाणेन समन्नागतो इतिपि, सेक्खाय विज्जाय समन्नागतो इतिपि, धम्मसोतं समापन्नो इतिपि, अरियो निब्बेधिकपञ्ञो इतिपि, अमतद्वारं आहच्च तिट्ठति इतिपीति।
Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa imāni dve ñāṇāni parisuddhāni honti pariyodātāni—dhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, passati imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṁ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṁ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipīti.
A noble disciple has purified and cleansed these two knowledges—knowledge of the present phenomena, and inferential knowledge. When a noble disciple has done this, they’re called ‘one accomplished in view’, ‘one accomplished in vision’, ‘one who has come to the true teaching’, ‘one who sees this true teaching’, ‘one endowed with a trainee’s knowledge’, ‘one who has entered the stream of the teaching’, ‘a noble one with penetrative wisdom’, and ‘one who stands pushing open the door of the deathless’.
कतमा च, भिक्खवे, जाति … कतमो च, भिक्खवे, भवो … कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, उपादानं … कतमा च, भिक्खवे, तण्हा … कतमा च, भिक्खवे, वेदना … कतमो च, भिक्खवे, फस्सो … कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, सळायतनं … कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, नामरूपं … कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, विञ्ञाणं … कतमे च, भिक्खवे, सङ्खारा? तयोमे, भिक्खवे, सङ्खारा—कायसङ्खारो, वचीसङ्खारो, चित्तसङ्खारोति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, सङ्खारा।
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti … katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo … katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṁ … katamā ca, bhikkhave, taṇhā … katamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā … katamo ca, bhikkhave, phasso … katamañca, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṁ … katamañca, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṁ … katamañca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṁ … katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā? Tayome, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā—kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāroti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā.
And what is rebirth? … And what is continued existence? … And what is grasping? … And what is craving? … And what is feeling? … And what is contact? … And what are the six sense fields? … And what are name and form? … And what is consciousness? … And what are choices? There are three kinds of choices. Choices by way of body, speech, and mind. These are called choices.
अविज्जासमुदया सङ्खारसमुदयो; अविज्जानिरोधा सङ्खारनिरोधो; अयमेव अरियो अट्ठङ्गिको मग्गो सङ्खारनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदा, सेय्यथिदं—सम्मादिट्ठि …पे… सम्मासमाधि।
Avijjāsamudayā saṅkhārasamudayo; avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅkhāranirodhagāminī paṭipadā, seyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.
Ignorance is the origin of choices. When ignorance ceases, choices cease. The practice that leads to the cessation of choices is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.
यतो खो, भिक्खवे, अरियसावको एवं सङ्खारे पजानाति, एवं सङ्खारसमुदयं पजानाति, एवं सङ्खारनिरोधं पजानाति, एवं सङ्खारनिरोधगामिनिं पटिपदं पजानाति, इदमस्स धम्मे ञाणं। सो इमिना धम्मेन दिट्ठेन विदितेन अकालिकेन पत्तेन परियोगाळ्हेन अतीतानागतेन यं नेति।
Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṁ saṅkhāre pajānāti, evaṁ saṅkhārasamudayaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ saṅkhāranirodhaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ pajānāti, idamassa dhamme ñāṇaṁ. So iminā dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgatena yaṁ neti.
A noble disciple understands choices, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation. This is their knowledge of the present phenomenon. With this present phenomenon that is seen, known, immediate, attained, and fathomed, they infer to the past and future.
ये खो केचि अतीतमद्धानं समणा वा ब्राह्मणा वा सङ्खारे अब्भञ्ञंसु, सङ्खारसमुदयं अब्भञ्ञंसु, सङ्खारनिरोधं अब्भञ्ञंसु, सङ्खारनिरोधगामिनिं पटिपदं अब्भञ्ञंसु, सब्बेते एवमेव अब्भञ्ञंसु, सेय्यथापाहं एतरहि।
Ye kho keci atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā saṅkhāre abbhaññaṁsu, saṅkhārasamudayaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, saṅkhāranirodhaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, sabbete evameva abbhaññaṁsu, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahi.
Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the past directly knew choices, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them directly knew these things in exactly the same way that I do now.
ये हिपि केचि अनागतमद्धानं समणा वा ब्राह्मणा वा सङ्खारे अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सङ्खारसमुदयं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सङ्खारनिरोधं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सङ्खारनिरोधगामिनिं पटिपदं अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सब्बेते एवमेव अभिजानिस्सन्ति, सेय्यथापाहं एतरहि। इदमस्स अन्वये ञाणं।
Ye hipi keci anāgatamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā saṅkhāre abhijānissanti, saṅkhārasamudayaṁ abhijānissanti, saṅkhāranirodhaṁ abhijānissanti, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abhijānissanti, sabbete evameva abhijānissanti, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahi. Idamassa anvaye ñāṇaṁ.
Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the future will directly know choices, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them will directly know these things in exactly the same way that I do now. This is their inferential knowledge.
यतो खो, भिक्खवे, अरियसावकस्स इमानि द्वे ञाणानि परिसुद्धानि होन्ति परियोदातानि—धम्मे ञाणञ्च अन्वये ञाणञ्च। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, अरियसावको दिट्ठिसम्पन्नो इतिपि, दस्सनसम्पन्नो इतिपि, आगतो इमं सद्धम्मं इतिपि, पस्सति इमं सद्धम्मं इतिपि, सेक्खेन ञाणेन समन्नागतो इतिपि, सेक्खाय विज्जाय समन्नागतो इतिपि, धम्मसोतं समापन्नो इतिपि, अरियो निब्बेधिकपञ्ञो इतिपि, अमतद्वारं आहच्च तिट्ठति इतिपी”ति।
Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa imāni dve ñāṇāni parisuddhāni honti pariyodātāni—dhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, passati imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṁ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṁ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti.
A noble disciple has purified and cleansed these two knowledges—knowledge of the present phenomena, and inferential knowledge. When a noble disciple has done this, they’re called ‘one accomplished in view’, ‘one accomplished in vision’, ‘one who has come to the true teaching’, ‘one who sees this true teaching’, ‘one endowed with a trainee’s knowledge’, ‘one who has entered the stream of the teaching’, ‘a noble one with penetrative wisdom’, and ‘one who stands pushing open the door of the deathless’.”
ततियं।
Tatiyaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Saṁyutta Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]