Ādittapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā

54. Idāni tassa bhikkhusahassassa ādittapariyāyadesanāya arahattappattiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘atha khobhagavā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīseti gayānāmikāya nadiyā avidūre bhavattā gāmo gayā nāma, tassaṃ gayāyaṃ viharati. Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Gayāgāmassa hi avidūre gayāti ekā pokkharaṇīpi atthi nadīpi gayāsīsanāmako hatthikumbhasadiso piṭṭhipāsāṇopi. Yattha bhikkhusahassassa okāso pahoti, bhagavā tattha viharati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘gayāsīse’’ti, gayāgāmassa āsanne gayāsīsanāmake piṭṭhipāsāṇe viharatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhikkhū āmantesīti tesaṃ sappāyadhammadesanaṃ vicinitvā taṃ desessāmīti āmantesi. Bhagavā hi taṃ iddhimayapattacīvaradharaṃ samaṇasahassaṃ ādāya gayāsīsaṃ gantvā tena parivārito nisīditvā ‘‘katarā nu kho etesaṃ dhammakathā sappāyā’’ti cintento ‘‘ime sāyaṃ pātaṃ aggiṃ paricaranti, imesaṃ dvādasāyatanāni ādittāni sampajjalitāni viya katvā dassessāmi, evaṃ ime arahattaṃ pāpuṇituṃ sakkhissantī’’ti sanniṭṭhānamakāsi. Atha nesaṃ tathā desetuṃ ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, āditta’’ntiādinā imaṃ ādittapariyāyaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.4.23) sabbaṃ nāma catubbidhaṃ sabbasabbaṃ āyatanasabbaṃ sakkāyasabbaṃ padesasabbanti. Tattha –

‘‘Na tassa addiṭṭhamidhatthi kiñci;

Atho aviññātamajānitabbaṃ;

Sabbaṃ abhiññāsi yadatthi neyyaṃ;

Tathāgato tena samantacakkhū’’ti (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. dhotakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 32; paṭi. ma. 1.121) –

Idaṃ sabbasabbaṃ nāma. ‘‘Sabbaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi, taṃ suṇāthā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.23) idaṃ āyatanasabbaṃ nāma. ‘‘Sabbadhammamūlapariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.1) idaṃ sakkāyasabbaṃ nāma. ‘‘Sabbadhammesu vā paṭhamasamannāhāro uppajjati cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ tajjā manoviññāṇadhātū’’ti idaṃ padesasabbaṃ nāma. Iti pañcārammaṇamattaṃ padesasabbaṃ, tebhūmakā dhammā sakkāyasabbaṃ, catubhūmakā dhammā āyatanasabbaṃ, yaṃ kiñci neyyaṃ sabbasabbaṃ. Padesasabbaṃ sakkāyasabbaṃ na pāpuṇāti tassa tebhūmakadhammesupi ekadesassa asaṅgaṇhanato. Sakkāyasabbaṃ āyatanasabbaṃ na pāpuṇāti lokuttaradhammānaṃ asaṅgaṇhanato. Āyatanasabbaṃ sabbasabbaṃ na pāpuṇāti. Kasmā? Yasmā āyatanasabbena catubhūmakadhammāva pariggahitā , na lakkhaṇapaññattiyoti. Imasmiṃ pana sutte āyatanasabbaṃ adhippetaṃ, tatthāpi idha vipassanupagadhammāva gahetabbā.

Cakkhūti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 596; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.4.1) dve cakkhūni ñāṇacakkhu ceva maṃsacakkhu ca. Tattha ñāṇacakkhu pañcavidhaṃ buddhacakkhu dhammacakkhu samantacakkhu dibbacakkhu paññācakkhūti. Tesu buddhacakkhu nāma āsayānusayañāṇañceva indriyaparopariyattañāṇañca, yaṃ ‘‘buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento’’ti (dī. ni. 2.69; ma. ni. 1.283) āgataṃ. Dhammacakkhu nāma heṭṭhimā tayo maggā tīṇi ca phalāni, yaṃ ‘‘virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.355; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) āgataṃ. Samantacakkhu nāma sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, yaṃ ‘‘pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhū’’ti (dī. ni. 2.70; ma. ni. 1.282) āgataṃ. Dibbacakkhu nāma ālokavaḍḍhanena uppannañāṇaṃ, yaṃ ‘‘dibbena cakkhunā visuddhenā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.148, 284) āgataṃ. Paññācakkhu nāma catusaccaparicchedakañāṇaṃ, yaṃ ‘‘cakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 15) āgataṃ. Maṃsacakkhupi duvidhaṃ sasambhāracakkhu pasādacakkhūti. Tesu yvāyaṃ akkhikūpake akkhipaṭalehi parivārito maṃsapiṇḍo, yattha catasso dhātuyo vaṇṇagandharasojā sambhavo jīvitaṃ bhāvo cakkhuppasādo kāyappasādoti saṅkhepato terasa sambhārā honti, vitthārato pana catasso dhātuyo vaṇṇagandharasojā sambhavoti ime nava catusamuṭṭhānavasena chattiṃsa, jīvitaṃ bhāvo cakkhuppasādo kāyappasādoti ime kammasamuṭṭhānā tāva cattāroti cattālīsa sambhārā honti, idaṃ sasambhāracakkhu nāma. Yaṃ panettha setamaṇḍalaparicchinnena kaṇhamaṇḍalena parivārite diṭṭhimaṇḍale sanniviṭṭhaṃ rūpadassanasamatthaṃ pasādamattaṃ, idaṃ pasādacakkhu nāma. Tassa tato paresañca sotādīnaṃ vitthārakathā visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.436) vuttāva.

Tattha yadidaṃ pasādacakkhu, tañca gahetvā bhagavā ‘‘cakkhu āditta’’ntiādimāha. Tattha ādittanti padittaṃ, sampajjalitaṃ ekādasahi aggīhi ekajālībhūtanti attho. Cakkhusannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, cakkhussa vā kāraṇabhūtassa viññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Kāmaṃ rūpālokamanasikārādayopi tassa viññāṇassa kāraṇaṃ, te pana sādhāraṇakāraṇaṃ, cakkhu asādhāraṇanti asādhāraṇakāraṇenāyaṃ niddeso yathā ‘‘yavaṅkuro’’ti. Sotaviññāṇādīsupi eseva nayo. Cakkhusannissito phasso cakkhusamphasso, cakkhuviññāṇasampayuttaphassassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sotasamphassādīsupi eseva nayo. Cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjativedayitanti cakkhusamphassaṃ mūlapaccayaṃ katvā uppannā sampaṭicchanasantīraṇavoṭṭhabbanajavanavedanā. Cakkhuviññāṇasampayuttāya pana vedanāya cakkhusamphassassa paccayabhāve vattabbameva natthi. Cakkhusamphasso hi sahajātāya vedanāya sahajātādivasena, asahajātāya upanissayādivasena paccayo hoti. Teneva ‘‘cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sotadvāravedanādīsupi eseva nayo. Ettha pana manoti bhavaṅgacittaṃ manodvārassa adhippetattā. Dhammāti dhammārammaṇaṃ. Manoviññāṇanti sahāvajjanakaṃ javanaṃ. Manosamphassoti bhavaṅgasahajāto phasso. Vedayitanti āvajjanavedanāya saddhiṃ javanavedanā. Bhavaṅgasampayuttāya pana vedanāya gahaṇe vattabbameva natthi. Āvajjanaṃ vā bhavaṅgato amocetvā manoti sāvajjanaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dhammāti dhammārammaṇameva. Manoviññāṇanti javanaviññāṇaṃ. Manosamphassoti bhavaṅgāvajjanasahajāto phasso. Vedayitanti javanasahajātā vedanā, bhavaṅgāvajjanasahajātāpi vaṭṭatiyeva.

Rāgagginātiādīsu rāgova anudahanaṭṭhena aggīti rāgaggi. Rāgo hi tikhiṇaṃ hutvā uppajjamāno satte anudahati jhāpeti, tasmā ‘‘aggī’’ti vuccati. Itaresupi dvīsu eseva nayo. Tatrimāni vatthūni (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.305; vibha. aṭṭha. 924) – ekā daharabhikkhunī cittalapabbatavihāre uposathāgāraṃ gantvā dvārapālarūpaṃ olokayamānā ṭhitā. Athassā anto rāgo tikhiṇataro hutvā uppanno, tasmā taṃsamuṭṭhānā tejodhātu ativiya tikhiṇabhāvena saddhiṃ attanā sahajātadhammehi hadayapadesaṃ jhāpesi yathā taṃ bāhirā tejodhātu sannissayaṃ, tena sā bhikkhunī jhāyitvā kālamakāsi. Bhikkhuniyo gacchamānā ‘‘ayaṃ daharā ṭhitā, pakkosatha na’’nti āhaṃsu. Ekā gantvā ‘‘kasmā ṭhitāsī’’ti hatthe gaṇhi. Gahitamattā parivattitvā papatā. Idaṃ tāva rāgassa anudahanatāya vatthu.

Dosassa pana anudahanatāya manopadosikā devā daṭṭhabbā. Tesu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.47-48) kira eko devaputto ‘‘nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmī’’ti saparivāro rathena vīthiṃ paṭipajjati. Athañño nikkhamanto taṃ purato gacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘bho ayaṃ kapaṇo adiṭṭhapubbaṃ viya etaṃ disvā pītiyā uddhumāto viya bhijjamāno viya ca gacchatī’’ti kujjhati. Purato gacchantopi nivattitvā taṃ kuddhaṃ disvā kuddhā nāma suvijānā hontīti kuddhabhāvamassa ñatvā ‘‘tvaṃ kuddho mayhaṃ kiṃ karissasi, ayaṃ sampatti mayā dānasīlādīnaṃ vasena laddhā, na tuyhaṃ vasenā’’ti paṭikujjhati. Ekasmiñhi kuddhe itaro akuddho rakkhati. Kuddhassa hi so kodho itarasmiṃ akujjhante anupādāno ekavārameva uppattiyā anāsevano cāvetuṃ na sakkoti, udakaṃ patvā aggi viya nibbāyati, tasmā akuddho taṃ cavanato rakkhati. Ubhosu pana kuddhesu ekassa kodho itarassa paccayo hoti, tassapi kodho itarassa paccayo hotīti ubho kandantānaṃyeva orodhānaṃ cavanti. Ubhosu hi kuddhesu bhiyyo bhiyyo aññamaññamhi parivaḍḍhanavasena tikhiṇasamudācāro nissayadahanaraso kodho uppajjamāno hadayavatthuṃ niddahanto accantasukhumālaṃ karajakāyaṃ vināseti, tato sakalopi attabhāvo antaradhāyati. Idaṃ dosassa anudahanatāya vatthu.

Mohassa pana anudahanatāya khiḍḍāpadosikā devā daṭṭhabbā. Mohavasena hi tesaṃ satisammoso hoti, tasmā khiḍḍāvasena āhārakālaṃ ativattetvā kālaṃ karonti. Te (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.45-46) kira puññavisesādhigatena mahantena attano sirivibhavena nakkhattaṃ kīḷantā tāya sampattimahantatāya ‘‘āhāraṃ paribhuñjimha, na paribhuñjimhā’’tipi na jānanti. Atha ekāhārātikkamanato paṭṭhāya nirantaraṃ khādantāpi pivantāpi cavantiyeva na tiṭṭhanti. Kasmā? Kammajatejassa balavatāya. Manussānañhi kammajatejo mando, karajakāyo balavā. Tesaṃ tejassa mandatāya karajakāyassa balavatāya sattāhampi atikkamitvā uṇhodakaacchayāguādīhi sakkā vatthuṃ upatthambhetuṃ. Devānaṃ pana tejo balavā hoti uḷārapuññanibbattattā uḷāragarusiniddhasudhāhārajiraṇato ca, karajaṃ mandaṃ mudusukhumālabhāvato. Teneva hi bhagavā indasālaguhāyaṃ pakatipathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhātuṃ asakkontaṃ sakkaṃ devarājānaṃ ‘‘oḷārikakāyaṃ adhiṭṭhāhī’’ti āha, tasmā te ekaṃ āhāravelaṃ atikkamitvā saṇṭhātuṃ na sakkonti. Yathā nāma gimhānaṃ majjhanhike tattapāsāṇe ṭhapitaṃ padumaṃ vā uppalaṃ vā sāyanhasamaye ghaṭasatenapi siñciyamānaṃ pākatikaṃ na hoti vinassatiyeva, evameva pacchā nirantaraṃ khādantāpi pivantāpi cavantiyeva na tiṭṭhanti.

Ko pana tesaṃ āhāro, kā āhāravelāti? Sabbesampi kāmāvacaradevānaṃ sudhā āhāro, so heṭṭhimehi heṭṭhimehi uparimānaṃ uparimānaṃ paṇītatamo hoti. Taṃ yathāsakaṃ divasavasena divase divase bhuñjanti. Keci pana ‘‘biḷārapadappamāṇaṃ sudhāhāraṃ bhuñjanti. So jivhāya ṭhapitamatto yāva kesagganakhaggā kāyaṃ pharati, tesaṃyeva divasavasena sattadivasaṃ yāpanasamatthova hotī’’ti vadanti.

Ke pana te khiḍḍāpadosikā nāma devāti? Ime nāmāti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vicāraṇā natthi, ‘‘kammajatejo balavā hoti, karajaṃ manda’’nti avisesena vuttattā pana ye keci kabaḷīkārāhārūpajīvino evaṃ karonti, te evaṃ cavantīti veditabbā. Keci panāhu ‘‘nimmānaratiparanimmitavasavattino te devā. Khiḍḍāya padussanamatteneva hete khiḍḍāpadosikāti vuttā’’ti. Manopadosikā pana cātumahārājikāti aṭṭhakathāyameva vuttaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘khiḍḍāpadosikāpi cātumahārājikāyevā’’ti vadanti. Evaṃ tāva rāgādayo tayo anudahanaṭṭhena ‘‘aggī’’ti veditabbā. Jātiādittayaṃ pana nānappakāradukkhavatthubhāvena anudahanato aggi. Sokādīnaṃ anudahanatā pākaṭāyeva. Sesamettha vuttanayameva. Iti imasmiṃ sutte dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ kathitaṃ cakkhādīnaṃ ekādasahi aggīhi ādittabhāvena dukkhamatāya dukkhabhāvassa kathitattā.

Ādittapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Uruvelapāṭihāriyakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.