6. Sākacchavaggo

1. Āhārasuttavaṇṇanā

232.Purimanayatoti ‘‘satisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhānīyānaṃ dhammāna’’ntiādinā āgatanayato. Evanti idāni vuccamānākārena. Sati ca sampajaññañca satisampajaññaṃ. Satipadhānaṃ vā abhikkantādīsu satthakabhāvapariggaṇhakañāṇaṃ satisampajaññaṃ. Taṃ sabbattha satokārībhāvāvahattā satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattati. Yathā ca paccanīkadhammappahānaṃ anurūpadhammadesanā ca anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya hoti, evaṃ satirahitapuggalavajjanā satokārīpuggalasevanā ca tattha ca yuttapayuttatā satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya hotīti imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘satisampajañña’’ntiādinā. Arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hoti. Tathā hi arahāva ‘‘sativepullappatto’’ti vuccati.

Dhammānaṃ, dhammesu vā vicayo, so eva heṭṭhā vuttanayena sambojjhaṅgo, tassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa. Paripucchakatāti ācariyaṃ payirupāsitvā pañcapi nikāye sahaṭṭhakathāya pariyogāhetvā yaṃ yaṃ tattha gaṇṭhiṭṭhānaṃ, tassa tassa ‘‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ imassa ko attho’’ti evaṃ khandhādīsu atthapucchakabhāvo. Tenāha ‘‘khandha…pe… bahulatā’’ti.

Vatthuvisadakiriyāti cittacetasikānaṃ pavattiṭṭhānabhāvato sarīraṃ tappaṭibaddhāni ca cīvarādīni idha ‘‘vatthūnī’’ti adhippetāni, tāni yathā cittassa sukhāvahāni honti, tathā karaṇaṃ tesaṃ visadabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ajjhattikabāhirāna’’ntiādi. Ussannadosanti vātādiussannadosaṃ. Sedamalamakkhitanti sedena ceva jallikāsaṅkhātena sarīramalena ca makkhitaṃ. Ca-saddena aññampi sarīrassa ca cittassa ca pīḷāvahaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Senāsanaṃ vāti vā-saddena pattādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Avisade sati, visayabhūte vā. Kathaṃ bhāvanamanuyuttassa tāni visayoti? Antarantarā pavattanakacittuppādavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Te hi cittuppādā cittekaggatāya ijjhantiyāpi aparisuddhabhāvāya saṃvattanti. Cittacetasikesu nissayādipaccayabhūtesu. Ñāṇampīti pi-saddo sampiṇḍane. Tena na kevalaṃ taṃ vatthuyeva , atha kho tasmiṃ aparisuddhe ñāṇampi aparisuddhaṃ hotīti nissayāparisuddhiyā nissitāparisuddhi viya visayassa aparisuddhatāya visayīnaṃ aparisuddhiṃ dasseti anvayato byatirekato ca.

Samabhāvakaraṇaṃ kiccato anūnādhikabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Yathāpaccayaṃ saddheyyavatthusmiṃ adhimokkhakiccassa paṭutarabhāvena paññāya avisadatāya vīriyādīnañca anubalappadānasithilatādinā saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti. Tenāha ‘‘itarāni mandānī’’ti. Tatoti tasmā saddhindriyassa balavabhāvato itaresañca mandattā. Kosajjapakkhe patituṃ adatvā sampayuttadhammānaṃ paggaṇhanaṃ anubalappadānaṃ paggaho, paggahakiccaṃ kātuṃ na sakkotīti sambandhitabbaṃ. Ārammaṇaṃ upagantvā ṭhānaṃ, anissajjanaṃ vā upaṭṭhānaṃ, vikkhepapaṭipakkho. Yena vā sampayuttā avikkhittā honti, so avikkhepo. Rūpagataṃ viya cakkhunā yena yāthāvato visayasabhāvaṃ passati, taṃ dassanakiccaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti balavatā saddhindriyena abhibhūtattā. Sahajātadhammesu hi indaṭṭhaṃ karontānaṃ saha pavattamānānaṃ dhammānaṃ ekarasatāvaseneva atthasiddhi, na aññathā. Tasmāti vuttamevatthaṃ kāraṇabhāvena paccāmasati. Tanti saddhindriyaṃ.

Dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇenāti yassa saddheyyavatthuno uḷāratādiguṇe adhimuccanassa sātisayappavattiyā saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ jātaṃ, tassa paccayapaccayuppannatādivibhāgato yāthāvato vīmaṃsanena. Evañhi evaṃdhammatānayena sabhāvasarasato pariggayhamāne savipphāro adhimokkho na hoti – ‘‘ayaṃ imesaṃ dhammānaṃ sabhāvo’’ti paññābyāpārassa sātisayattā. Dhuriyadhammesu hi yathā saddhāya balavabhāve paññāya mandabhāvo hoti, evaṃ paññāya balavabhāve saddhāya mandabhāvo hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘taṃ dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena…pe… hāpetabba’’nti. Tathā amanasikaraṇenāti yenākārena bhāvanamanuyuñjantassa saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ jātaṃ, tenākārena bhāvanaṃ nānuyuñjanenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Idha duvidhena saddhindriyassa balavabhāvo attano vā paccayavisesena kiccuttariyato vīriyādīnaṃ vā mandakiccatāya. Tattha paṭhamavikappe hāpanavidhi dassito, dutiyavikappe pana yathā manasikaroto vīriyādīnaṃ mandakiccatāya saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ jātaṃ, tathā amanasikārena vīriyādīnaṃ paṭutarabhāvāvahena manasikārena saddhindriyaṃ tehi samataṃ karontena hāpetabbaṃ. Iminā nayena sesindriyesupi hāpanavidhi veditabbo.

Vakkalittheravatthūti so hi āyasmā saddhādhimutto tattha ca katādhikāro satthu rūpakāyadassane pasuto eva hutvā viharanto satthārā – ‘‘kiṃ te, vakkali, iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena, yo kho, vakkali, dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passatī’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 3.87) ovadiyamāno kammaṭṭhāne niyojitopi taṃ ananuyuñjanto paṇāmito attānaṃ vinipātetuṃ papātaṭṭhānaṃ abhiruhi. Atha naṃ satthā yathānisinnova obhāsavissajjanena attānaṃ dassetvā –

‘‘Pāmojjabahulo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasāsane;

Adhigacche padaṃ santaṃ, saṅkhārūpasamaṃ sukha’’nti. (dha. pa. 381) –

Gāthaṃ vatvā ‘‘ehi, vakkalī’’ti āha. So tena vacanena amateneva abhisitto haṭṭhatuṭṭho hutvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapesi, saddhāya bahulabhāvato vipassanāvīthiṃ nārohati. Taṃ ñatvā bhagavā indriyasamattapaṭipādanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā adāsi. So satthārā dinnanayena vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘vakkalittheravatthu cettha nidassana’’nti. Etthāti saddhindriyassa adhimattabhāve sesindriyānaṃ sakiccākaraṇe.

Itarakiccabhedanti upaṭṭhānādikiccavisesaṃ. Passaddhādīti ādi-saddena samādhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgānaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Hāpetabbanti yathā saddhindriyassa balavabhāvo dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena hāyati, evaṃ vīriyindriyassa adhimattatā passaddhiyādibhāvanāya hāyati samādhipakkhikattā tassā. Tathā hi samādhindriyassa adhimattataṃ kosajjapātato rakkhantī vīriyādibhāvanā viya vīriyindriyassa adhimattataṃ uddhaccapātato rakkhantī ekaṃsato hāpeti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘passaddhādibhāvanāya hāpetabba’’nti. Soṇattherassa vatthūti sukumārasoṇattherassa vatthu. So hi āyasmāpi satthu santikā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā sītavane viharanto – ‘‘mama sarīraṃ sukhumālaṃ, na ca sakkā sukheneva sukhaṃ adhigantuṃ, kāyaṃ kilametvāpi samaṇadhammo kātabbo’’ti ṭhānacaṅkamanameva adhiṭṭhāya padhānamanuyuñjanto pādatalesu phoṭesu uṭṭhitesupi vedanaṃ ajjhupekkhitvā daḷhavīriyaṃ karonto accāraddhavīriyatāya visesaṃ pavattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Satthā tattha gantvā vīṇopamovādena ovaditvā vīriyasamatāyojanavidhiṃ dassento kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā gijjhakūṭaṃ gato. Theropi satthārā dinnanayena vīriyasamataṃ yājetvā bhāvento vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahatteva patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘soṇattherassa vatthu dassetabba’’nti. Sesesupīti satisamādhipaññindriyesupi.

Samatanti saddhāpaññānaṃ aññamaññaṃ anūnādhikabhāvaṃ, tathā samādhivīriyānañca. Yathā hi saddhāpaññānaṃ visuṃ visuṃ dhuriyadhammabhūtānaṃ kiccato aññamaññanātivattanaṃ visesato icchitabbaṃ. Yato tesaṃ samadhuratāya appanā sampajjati, evaṃ samādhivīriyānaṃ kosajjuddhaccapakkhikānaṃ samatāya sati aññamaññupatthambhanato sampayuttadhammānaṃ antadvayapātābhāvena sammadeva appanā ijjhatīti. Balavasaddhotiādi vuttasseva atthassa byatirekamukhena samatthanaṃ. Tassattho – yo balavatiyā saddhāya samannāgato avisadañāṇo, so mudhappasanno hoti, na aveccappasanno. Tathā hi so avatthusmiṃ pasīdati, seyyathāpi titthiyasāvakā. Kerāṭikapakkhanti sāṭheyyapakkhaṃ bhajati. Saddhāhīnāya paññāya atidhāvanto ‘‘deyyavatthupariccāgena vinā cittuppādamattenapi dānamayaṃ puññaṃ hotī’’tiādīni parikappeti hetupatirūpakehi vañcito, evaṃbhūto ca lūkhatakkaviluttacitto paṇḍitānaṃ vacanaṃ nādiyati, saññattiṃ na gacchati. Tenāha ‘‘bhesajjasamuṭṭhito viya rogo atekiccho hotī’’ti. Yathā cettha saddhāpaññānaṃ aññamaññaṃ samabhāvo atthāvaho, visamabhāvo anatthāvaho, evaṃ samādhivīriyānaṃ aññamaññaṃ samabhāvo atthāvaho, itaro anatthāvaho, tathā samabhāvo avikkhepāvaho, itaro vikkhepāvaho. Kosajjaṃ abhibhavati, tena appanaṃ na pāpuṇātīti adhippāyo. Esa nayo uddhaccaṃ abhibhavatīti etthāpi. Tadubhayanti saddhāpaññādvayaṃ samādhivīriyadvayañca. Samaṃ kātabbanti samataṃ kātabbaṃ.

Samādhikammikassāti samathakammaṭṭhānikassa. Evanti evaṃ sante, saddhāya thokaṃ balavabhāve satīti attho. Saddahantoti ‘‘pathavī pathavīti manasikāramattena kathaṃ jhānuppattī’’ti acintetvā ‘‘addhā sambuddhena vuttavidhi ijjhatī’’ti saddahanto saddhaṃ janento. Okappentoti ārammaṇaṃ anupavisitvā viya adhimuccanavasena avakappento pakkhandanto. Ekaggatā balavatī vaṭṭati samādhipadhānattā jhānassa. Ubhinnanti samādhipaññānaṃ. Samādhikammikassa samādhino adhimattatāya paññāya adhimattatāpi icchitabbāti āha ‘‘samatāyapī’’ti, samabhāvenāpīti attho. Appanāti lokiyaappanā. Tathā hi ‘‘hotiyevā’’ti sāsaṅkaṃ vadati, lokuttarappanā pana tesaṃ samabhāveneva icchitā. Yathāha ‘‘samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (a. ni. 4.170). Yadi visesato saddhāpaññānaṃ samādhivīriyānañca samānataṃ icchati, kathaṃ satīti āha – ‘‘sati pana sabbattha balavatī vaṭṭatī’’ti. Sabbatthāti līnuddhaccapakkhikesu pañcindriyesu. Uddhaccapakkhikekadese gaṇhanto ‘‘saddhāvīriyapaññāna’’nti āha. Aññathā pīti ca gahetabbā siyā. Tathā hi ‘‘kosajjapakkhikena samādhinā’’icceva vuttaṃ, na ca ‘‘passaddhisamādhiupekkhāhī’’ti. Sāti sati. Sabbesu rājakammesu niyuttoti sabbakammiko. Tenāti yena kāraṇena sabbattha icchitabbā, tena āha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ. Sabbattha niyuttā sabbatthikā, sabbena vā līnuddhaccapakkhikena bojjhaṅgena atthetabbā sabbatthiyā, sabbatthiyāva sabbatthikā. Cittanti kusalacittaṃ. Tassa hi satipaṭisaraṇaṃ parāyaṇaṃ appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya. Tenāha – ‘‘ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā’’tiādi.

Khandhādibhede anogāḷhapaññānanti pariyattibāhusaccavasenapi khandhāyatanādīsu appatiṭṭhitabuddhīnaṃ. Bahussutasevanā hi sutamayañāṇāvahā. Taruṇavipassanāsamaṅgīpi bhāvanāmayañāṇe ṭhitattā ekaṃsato paññavā eva nāma hotīti āha – ‘‘samapaññāsa…pe… puggalasevanā’’ti. Ñeyyadhammassa gambhīrabhāvavasena tapparicchedakañāṇassa gambhīrabhāvagahaṇanti āha – ‘‘gambhīresu khandhādīsu pavattāya gambhīrapaññāyā’’ti. Tañhi ñeyyaṃ tādisāya paññāya caritabbato gambhīrañāṇacariyaṃ, tassā vā paññāya tattha pabhedato pavatti gambhīrañāṇacariyā, tassā paccavekkhaṇāti āha ‘‘gambhīrapaññāya pabhedapaccavekkhaṇā’’ti. Yathā sativepullappatto nāma arahā eva, evaṃ so eva paññāvepullappattopīti āha ‘‘arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotī’’ti. Vīriyādīsupi eseva nayoti.

‘‘Tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ hatthe gamentī’’tiādinā vuttapañcavidhabandhanakammakāraṇā niraye nibbattasattassa sabbapaṭhamaṃ karontīti devadūtasuttādīsu (ma. ni. 3.250), tassā ādito vuttattā ca āha – ‘‘pañcavidhabandhanakammakāraṇato paṭṭhāyā’’ti. Sakaṭavahanādikāleti ādi-saddena tadaññamanussehi tiracchānehi ca vibādhanīyakālaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Ekaṃ buddhantaranti idaṃ aparāparaṃ petesu eva uppajjanakasattavasena vuttaṃ, ekaccānaṃ vā petānaṃ, ekaccatiracchānānaṃ viya tathā dīghāyukatāpi siyāti tathā vuttaṃ. Tathā hi kālo nāgarājā catunnaṃ buddhānaṃ rūpadassāvī.

Evaṃ ānisaṃsadassāvinoti ‘‘vīriyāyatto eva sakalalokiyalokuttaravisesādhigamo’’ti evaṃ ānisaṃsadassanasīlassa. Gamanavīthinti sapubbabhāgaṃ nibbānagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ. Saha vipassanāya ariyamaggapaṭipāṭi, sattavisuddhiparamparā vā. Sā hi vaṭṭato niyyānāya gantabbā paṭipadāti katvā gamanavīthi nāma.

Kāyadaḷhībahuloti kāyassa posanapasuto. Piṇḍanti raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ. Paccayadāyakānaṃ attani kārassa attano sammāpaṭipattiyā mahapphalabhāvassa karaṇena piṇḍāya bhikkhāya paṭipūjanā piṇḍāpacāyanā. Nīharantoti pattatthavikato nīharanto. Taṃ saddaṃ sutvāti taṃ upāsikāya vacanaṃ paṇṇasāladvāre ṭhitova pañcābhiññatāya dibbasotena sutvāti vadanti. Manussasampatti, dibbasampatti , ante nibbānasampattīti tisso sampattiyo. Sitaṃ karontovāti ‘‘akiccheneva mayā vaṭṭadukkhaṃ samatikkanta’’nti paccavekkhaṇāvasāne sañjātapāmojjavasena sitaṃ karonto eva.

Alasānaṃ bhāvanāya nāmamattampi ajānantānaṃ kāyassa posanabahulānaṃ yāvadatthaṃ paribhuñjitvā seyyasukhādiṃ anuyuñjantānaṃ tiracchānakathikānaṃ dūratova vajjanaṃ kusītapuggalaparivajjanā. ‘‘Divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāyā’’tiādinā bhāvanārambhavasena āraddhavīriyānaṃ daḷhaparakkamānaṃ kālenakālaṃ upasaṅkamanā āraddhavīriyapuggalasevanā. Tenāha ‘‘kucchiṃ pūretvā’’tiādi.

Visuddhimagge pana ‘‘jātimahattapaccavekkhaṇā, sabrahmacārimahattapaccavekkhaṇā’’ti idaṃ dvayaṃ na gahitaṃ, ‘‘thinamiddhavinodanatā, sammappadhānapaccavekkhaṇā’’ti idaṃ dvayaṃ gahitaṃ. Tattha ānisaṃsadassāvitāya eva sammappadhānapaccavekkhaṇā gahitā lokiyalokuttaravisesādhigamassa vīriyāyattatādassanabhāvato. Thinamiddhavinodanaṃ tadadhimuttatāya gahitaṃ, vīriyuppādane yuttapayuttassa thinamiddhavinodanaṃ atthato siddhameva. Tattha thinamiddhavinodanaṃ kusītapuggalaparivajjana-āraddhavīriyapuggala-sevana- tadadhimuttatāpaṭipakkhavidhamana-paccayūpasaṃhāravasena, apāyabhayapaccavekkhaṇādayo samuttejanavasena vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādakāti daṭṭhabbā.

Buddhānussatiyā upacārasamādhiniṭṭhattā vuttaṃ ‘‘yāva upacārā’’ti. Sakalasarīraṃ pharamānoti pītisamuṭṭhānehi paṇītarūpehi sakalasarīraṃ pharamāno. Dhammasaṅghaguṇe anussarantassapi yāva upacārā sakalasarīraṃ pharamāno pītisambojjhaṅgo uppajjatīti yojanā. Evaṃ sesaanussatīsu pasādanīyasuttantapaccavekkhaṇāya ca yojetabbaṃ tassāpi vimuttāyatanabhāvena taggatikattā. Evarūpe kāleti dubbhikkhabhayādīsūti vuttakāle. Samāpattiyā…pe… na samudācarantīti idaṃ upasamānussatiyā vasena vuttaṃ. Saṅkhārānañhi sappadesavūpasamepi nippadesavūpasame viya tattha sapaññāya pavattanato bhāvanāmanasikāro kilesavikkhambhanasamattho hutvā upacārasamādhiṃ āvahanto tathārūpapītisomanassasamannāgato pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya hotīti. Pasādanīyesu ṭhānesu pasādasinehābhāvena saṃsūcitahadayatā lūkhatā. Sā ca tattha ādaragāravākaraṇena viññāyatīti āha ‘‘asakkaccakiriyāya saṃsūcitalūkhabhāve’’ti.

Kāyacittadarathavūpasamalakkhaṇā passaddhi eva yathāvuttabodhiaṅgabhūto passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, tassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa. Paṇītabhojanasevanatāti paṇītasappāyabhojanasevanatā. Utuiriyāpathasukhaggahaṇehi sappāyautuiriyāpathaṃ gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tañhi tividhampi sappāyaṃ seviyamānaṃ kāyassa kallatāpādanavasena cittassa kallataṃ āvahantaṃ duvidhāyapi passaddhiyā kāraṇaṃ hoti. Sattesu labbhamānaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ ahetukanti ayameko anto, issarādivisamahetukanti ayaṃ dutiyo, ete ubho ante anupagamma yathāsakaṃ kammunā hotīti ayaṃ majjhimā paṭipatti. Majjhatto payogo yassa so majjhattapayogo, tassa bhāvo majjhattapayogatā. Ayañhi pahānasāraddhakāyatā-saṅkhātapassaddhakāyatāya kāraṇaṃ hontī passaddhidvayaṃ āvahati. Eteneva sāraddhakāyapuggalaparivajjana-passaddhakāyapuggalasevanānaṃ tadāvahanatā saṃvaṇṇitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Vatthuvisadakiriyā indriyasamattapaṭipādanā ca ‘‘paññāvahā’’ti vuttā. Samathāvahāpi tā honti samathāvahabhāveneva paññāvahattāti vuttaṃ ‘‘vatthuvisada…pe… veditabbā’’ti.

Karaṇakosallabhāvanākosallānaṃ nānantariyabhāvato rakkhaṇakosallassa ca taṃmūlakattā ‘‘nimittakusalatā nāma kasiṇanimittassa uggahaṇakusalatā’’icceva vuttaṃ. Atisithilavīriyatādīhīti ādi-saddena paññāpayogamandataṃ appamādavekallañca saṅgaṇhāti. Tassa paggaṇhananti tassa līnassa cittassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgādisamuṭṭhāpanena layāpattito samuṭṭhāpanaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Līnaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi susamuṭṭhāpayaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletukāmo assa, so tattha sukkhāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni gomayāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya, mukhavātañca dadeyya, na ca paṃsukena okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletunti. Evaṃ, bhante’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234).

Ettha ca yathāsakaṃ āhāravasena dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgādīnaṃ bhāvanā samuṭṭhāpanāti veditabbā, sā anantaraṃ vibhāvitā eva.

Accāraddhavīriyatādīhīti ādi-saddena paññāpayogabalavataṃ pamoduppilāvanañca saṅgaṇhāti. Tassa niggaṇhananti tassa uddhatassa cittassa samādhisambojjhaṅgādisamuṭṭhāpanena uddhatāpattito nisedhanaṃ. Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Uddhataṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi suvūpasamayaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetukāmo assa, so tattha allāni ceva tiṇāni….pe… paṃsukena ca okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetunti. Evaṃ, bhante’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234).

Etthāpi yathāsakaṃ āhāravasena passaddhisambojjhaṅgādīnaṃ bhāvanā samuṭṭhāpanāti veditabbā. Tattha passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanā vuttā eva, samādhisambojjhaṅgassa vuccamānā, itarassa anantaraṃ vakkhati. Paññāpayogamandatāyāti paññābyāpārassa appabhāvena. Yathā hi dānaṃ alobhappadhānaṃ, sīlaṃ adosappadhānaṃ, evaṃ bhāvanā amohappadhānā. Tattha yadā paññā na balavatī hoti, tadā bhāvanā pubbenāparaṃ visesāvahā na hoti, anabhisaṅkhato viya āhāro purisassa yogino cittassa abhiruciṃ na uppādeti, tena taṃ nirassādaṃ hoti. Tathā bhāvanāya sammadeva vīthipaṭipattiyā abhāvena upasamasukhaṃ na vindati, tenapi cittaṃ nirassādaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘paññāpayoga…pe… nirassādaṃ hotī’’ti.

Tassa saṃveguppādanañca pasāduppādanañca tikicchananti taṃ dassento ‘‘aṭṭha saṃvegavatthūnī’’tiādimāha. Tattha jātijarābyādhimaraṇāni yathārahaṃ sugatiyaṃ duggatiyañca hontīti tadaññameva pañcavidhabandhanādikhuppipāsādiaññamaññavibādhanādihetukaṃ apāyadukkhaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tayidaṃ sabbaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ paccuppannabhavanissitaṃ gahitanti atīte anāgate ca kāle vaṭṭamūlakadukkhāni visuṃ gahitāniyeva. Ye pana sattā āhārūpajīvino tattha ca uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvino, tesaṃ aññehi asādhāraṇaṃ jīvikadukkhaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ saṃvegavatthu gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati samaye sampahaṃsanāti ayaṃ sampahaṃsitabbasamaye vuttanayena saṃvegajananavasena ceva pasāduppādanavasena ca sammadeva pahaṃsanā, saṃvegajananapubbakapasāduppādanena bhāvanācittassa tosanātiattho.

Sammāpaṭipattiṃāgammāti līnuddhaccavirahena samathavīthipaṭipattiyā ca sammadeva bhāvanāpaṭipattiṃ āgamma.

Alīnantiādīsu kosajjapakkhikānaṃ dhammānaṃ anadhimattatāya alīnaṃ, uddhaccapakkhikānaṃ anadhimattatāya anuddhataṃ, paññāpayogasampattiyā upasamasukhādhigamena ca anirassādaṃ, tato eva ārammaṇe samappavattaṃ samathavīthipaṭipannañca. Tattha alīnatāya paggahe, anuddhatāya ca niggahe, anirassādatāya sampahaṃsane na byāpāraṃ āpajjati. Alīnānuddhaccatāhi ārammaṇe samappavattaṃ, anirassādatāya samathavīthipaṭipannaṃ, samappavattiyā vā alīnaṃ anuddhataṃ, samathavīthipaṭipattiyā anirassādanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati samaye ajjhupekkhanatāti ayaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbasamaye cittassa paggahaniggahasampahaṃsanesu byāvaṭatāsaṅkhātaṃ paṭipakkhaṃ abhibhuyya upekkhanā vuccati. Esāti samādhibojjhaṅgo anuppanno uppajjati. Arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hotīti etena nippariyāyato samādhivepullappattopi arahā evāti dasseti.

Anurodhavirodhapahānavasena majjhattabhāvo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa kāraṇaṃ tasmiṃ sati sijjhanato, asati ca asijjhanato, so ca majjhattabhāvo visayavasena duvidhoti āha ‘‘sattamajjhattatā saṅkhāramajjhattatā’’ti. Tadubhayavasena cassa virujjhanaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya eva dūrīkatanti anurujjhanasseva pahānavidhiṃ dassento ‘‘sattamajjhattatā’’tiādimāha. Tathā hissa sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaparivajjanaṃ ‘‘uppattiyā kāraṇa’’nti vuccati. Upekkhāya hi visesato rāgo paṭipakkho, tato rāgabahulassa puggalassa upekkhā ‘‘visuddhimaggo’’ti vuccati. Dvīhākārehīti kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇaṃ attasuññatāpaccavekkhaṇanti imehi dvīhi kāraṇehi. Dvīhevāti avadhāraṇaṃ saṅkhārasahitāya saṅkhyāsamānatāya dassanatthaṃ. Saṅkhyā eva hettha samānaṃ, na saṅkhyeyyaṃ sabbathā samānanti. Assāmikabhāvo anattaniyatā. Sati hi attani tassa kiñcanabhāvena cīvaraṃ aññaṃ vā kiñci attaniyaṃ nāma siyā, so pana koci natthevāti adhippāyo. Anaddhaniyanti, na addhānakkhamaṃ, na ciraṭṭhāyi ittaraṃ aniccanti attho. Tāvakālikanti tasseva vevacanaṃ.

Mamāyatīti mamattaṃ karoti. Mamāti taṇhāya pariggayha tiṭṭhati. Dhanāyantāti dhanaṃ dabbaṃ karontā. Assāti upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa arahattamaggena bhāvanāpāripūrī hoti. Tathā hi arahato eva chaḷaṅgupekkhānipphatti.

Asubhārammaṇādhammāti asubhappakārā asubhajhānassa ārammaṇabhūtā dhammā. Kāmaṃ indriyabaddhāpi kesādayo asubhappakārā eva, visesato pana jigucchitabbe jigucchāvahe gaṇhanto ‘‘dasā’’ti āha. Yathā manasikaroto sabhāvasarasato tattha asubhasaññā santiṭṭhati, tathā pavatto manasikāro upāyamanasikāro. Asubhe asubhapaṭikkūlākārassa uggaṇhanaṃ, yathā vā tattha uggahanimittaṃ uppajjati, tathā manasikāro asubhanimittassa uggaho. Upacārappanāvahāya asubhabhāvanāya anuyuñjanā asubhabhāvanānuyogo.

Manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ suṭṭhu susaṃvaraṇe sati avasaraṃ alabhanto kāmacchando pahīyateva, tathā bhojane mattaññuno mitāhārassa thinamiddhābhibhavābhāvā otāraṃ alabhamāno kāmacchando pahīyati. Yo pana āhāre paṭikkūlasaññaṃ tabbipariṇāmassa tadādhārassa tassa ca udariyabhūtassa ativiya jegucchataṃ, kāyassa ca āhāratiṭṭhakataṃ sammadeva jānāti, so sabbaso bhojane pamāṇassa jānanena visesato bhojane mattaññū nāma. Tassa kāmacchando pahīyateva, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana appāhārataṃyeva dassetuṃ ‘‘catunna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Asubhakammikatissatthero dantaṭṭhidassāvī. Pahīnassāti vikkhambhanavasena pahīnassa. Abhidhammapariyāyena sabbopi lobho kāmacchandanīvaraṇanti ‘‘arahattamaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo’’ti vuttaṃ.

Mejjati hitapharaṇavasena siniyhatīti mitto, hitesī puggalo, tasmiṃ mitte bhavā, mittassa vā esāti mettā, hitesitā. Sā eva paṭipakkhato cetaso vimuttīti mettācetovimutti. Tattha mettāyanassa sattesu hitapharaṇassa uppādanaṃ pavattanaṃ mettānimittassa uggaho. Tenāha ‘‘odissakā’’tiādi.

Tattha attapiyasahāyamajjhattaverivasena odissakatā. Sīmāsambhede kate anodissakatā. Ekādidisāpharaṇavasena disāpharaṇatā mettāya uggaṇhane veditabbā. Uggaho yāva upacārā daṭṭhabbo. Uggahitāya āsevanā bhāvanā, sabbā itthiyo purisā ariyā anariyā devā manussā vinipātikāti sattodhikaraṇavasena pavattā sattavidhā, aṭṭhavīsatividhā vā, dasahi disāhi disodhikaraṇavasena pavattā dasavidhā, ekekāya disāya sattādiitthādiaverādibhedena asītādhikacatusatappabhedā ca odhisopharaṇamettā. Sabbe sattā, pāṇā, bhūtā, puggalā, attabhāvapariyāpannāti etesaṃ vasena pañcavidhā. Ekekasmiṃ averā hontu, abyāpajjā, anīghā, sukhī attānaṃ pariharantūti catudhā pavattiyā vīsatividhā anodhisopharaṇamettā, taṃ sandhāyāha – ‘‘odhiso…pe… bhāventassapī’’ti. Tvaṃ etassātiādinā kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇaṃ dasseti . Paṭisaṅkhāne ṭhitassāti kodhe yathāvuttassa ādīnavassa tappaṭipakkhato akodhe mettāya ānisaṃsassa ca paṭisaṅkhāne sammadeva jānane. Sevantassāti bhajantassa byāpādo pahīyati.

Atibhojane nimittaggāhoti āhārassa adhikabhojane thinamiddhassa nimittaggāho, ‘‘ettake bhutte thinamiddhaṃ uppajjati, ettake no’’ti thinamiddhassa kāraṇākāraṇaggāhoti attho. Divā sūriyālokanti divā gahitanimittaṃ sūriyālokaṃ, rattiyaṃ manasikarontassapīti evamettha attho veditabbo. Dhutaṅgānaṃ vīriyanissitattā vuttaṃ ‘‘dhutaṅganissitasappāyakathāyapī’’ti.

Kukkuccampi katākatānusocanavasena pavattamānaṃ cetaso avūpasamāvahatāya uddhaccena samānalakkhaṇamevāti tadubhayassa pahānakāraṇaṃ dassento bhagavā – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, cetaso vūpasamo’’tiādimāha. Tasmā bāhusaccādi tassa pahānakāraṇanti dassetuṃ ‘‘apica cha dhammā’’tiādimāha. Tattha bahussutassa ganthato, atthato dhammaṃ vicārentassa attavedādipaṭilābhasambhavato vikkhepo na hoti. Yathāvihitapaṭipattiyā yathādhammapaṭikārappattiyā ca vippaṭisāro anavasarovāti ‘‘bāhusaccenapi…pe… uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīyatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Yadaggena bahussutassa paṭisaṅkhānavato uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīyati, tadaggena paripucchakatāvinayapakataññutāhipi taṃ pahīyatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vuddhasevitā ca vuddhasīlitaṃ āvahatīti cetaso vūpasamakarattā uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānakārī vuttā, vuddhabhāvaṃ pana anapekkhitvā vinayadharā kukkuccavinodakā kalyāṇamittāti daṭṭhabbā. Vikkhepo ca bhikkhūnaṃ yebhuyyena kukkuccahetuko hotīti ‘‘kappiyākappiyaparipucchābahulassā’’tiādinā vinayanayeneva paripucchakatādayo niddiṭṭhā. Pahīne uddhaccakukkucceti niddhāraṇe bhummaṃ. Kukkuccassa domanassasahagatattā anāgāmimaggena āyatiṃ anuppādo vutto.

Kusalākusalā dhammātiādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. Kāmaṃ bāhusaccaparipucchakatāhi aṭṭhavatthukāpi vicikicchā pahīyati, tathāpi ratanattayavicikicchāmūlikā sesavicikicchāti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇi ratanāni ārabbhā’’tiādi. Vinaye pakataññutāya ca sati sikkhāya kaṅkhāya asambhavo eva, tathā ratanattayaguṇāvabodhe sati pubbantādīsu saṃsayassāti āha – ‘‘vinaye’’tiādi. Okappanīyasaddhā saddheyyavatthuṃ anupavisitvā viya adhimuccanaṃ, tañca tathā adhimokkhuppādanameva. Saddhāya ninnapoṇapabbhāratā adhimutti. Arahattena kūṭaṃ gaṇhi sattapi bojjhaṅge vitthāretvā desanāya osāpitattā.

Āhārasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.