Aṭṭhagarudhammakathāvaṇṇanā

403. Satthāpi ‘‘itthiyo nāma parittasaddhā, ekāyācitamatteyeva pabbajjāya anuññātāya na mama sāsanaṃ garuṃ katvā gaṇhissantī’’ti tikkhattuṃ paṭikkhipitvā idāni garuṃ katvā gāhāpetukāmatāya ‘‘sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpati gotamī aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā’’tiādimāha. Tattha sāvassāti sā eva assā pabbajjāpi upasampadāpi hotu.

Tadahupasampannassāti taṃ divasampi upasampannassa. Abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kātabbanti mānātimānaṃ akatvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena abhivādanaṃ, āsanā uṭṭhāya paccuggamanavasena paccuṭṭhānaṃ, dasanakhe samodhānetvā añjalikammaṃ, āsanapaññāpanabījanādikaṃ anucchavikakammasaṅkhātaṃ sāmīcikammañca kattabbaṃ. Abhikkhuke āvāseti yattha vasantiyā anantarāyena ovādatthāya upasaṅkamanārahe ṭhāne ovādadāyako ācariyo natthi, ayaṃ abhikkhuko āvāso nāma, evarūpe āvāse vassaṃ na upagantabbaṃ. Anvaddhamāsanti anuposathikaṃ. Ovādūpasaṅkamananti ovādatthāya upasaṅkamanaṃ. Diṭṭhenāti cakkhunā diṭṭhena. Sutenāti sotena sutena. Parisaṅkāyāti diṭṭhasutavasena parisaṅkitena. Garudhammanti garukaṃ saṅghādisesāpattiṃ. Pakkhamānattanti anūnāni pannarasa divasāni mānattaṃ. Chasu dhammesūti vikālabhojanacchaṭṭhesu sikkhāpadesu. Sikkhitasikkhāyāti ekasikkhampi akhaṇḍaṃ katvā pūritasikkhāya.

Na akkositabbo na paribhāsitabboti dasannaṃ akkosavatthūnaṃ aññatarena akkosavatthunā na akkositabbo, bhayupadaṃsanāya kāyaci paribhāsāya na paribhāsitabbo. Ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapathoti ovādānusāsanidhammakathāsaṅkhāto vacanapatho bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu ovaṭo pihito, na bhikkhuniyā koci bhikkhu ovaditabbo vā anusāsitabbo vā, ‘‘bhante porāṇakattherā idañcidañca vattaṃ pūrayiṃsū’’ti evaṃ pana paveṇivasena kathetuṃ vaṭṭati. Anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsūti bhikkhūnaṃ pana bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho anivārito, yathāruciyā ovadantu anusāsantu dhammakathaṃ kathentūti ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panesā garudhammakathā mahāvibhaṅge vuttanayeneva veditabbā.

Ime pana aṭṭha garudhamme satthu santike uggahetvā therena attano ārociyamāne sutvā mahāpajāpatiyā tāvamahantaṃ domanassaṃ khaṇena paṭippassambhi. Anotattadahato āhaṭena sītudakassa ghaṭasatena matthake parisittā viya vigatapariḷāhā attamanā hutvā garudhammapaṭiggahaṇena uppannapītipāmojjaṃ āvi karontī ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhante’’tiādikaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Tattha daharoti taruṇo. Yuvāti yobbaññabhāve ṭhito. Maṇḍanakajātikoti alaṅkārasabhāvo. Tattha koci taruṇopi yuvā na hoti yathā atitaruṇo. Koci yuvāpi maṇḍanakajātiko na hoti yathā upasantasabhāvo ālasiyabyasanādīhi vā abhibhūto, idha pana daharo ceva yuvā ca maṇḍanakajātiko ca adhippeto, tasmā evamāha. Uppalādīni lokasammatattā vuttāni. Ito paraṃ yaṃ yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ taṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dassitameva.

Tattha mātugāmassa pabbajitattāti idaṃ pañcavassasatato uddhaṃ aṭṭhatvā pañcasuyeva vassasatesu saddhammaṭṭhitiyā kāraṇanidassanaṃ. Paṭisambhidāpabhedappattakhīṇāsavavaseneva vuttanti ettha ‘‘paṭisambhidāpattakhīṇāsavaggahaṇena jhānānipi gahitāneva honti. Na hi nijjhānakānaṃ sabbappakārasampatti ijjhatī’’ti gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavavasena vassasahassantiādinā ca yaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ khandhakabhāṇakānaṃ matena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.161) pana evaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘Paṭisambhidāpattehi vassasahassaṃ aṭṭhāsi, chaḷabhiññehi vassasahassaṃ, tevijjehi vassasahassaṃ, sukkhavipassakehi vassasahassaṃ, pātimokkhena vassasahassaṃ aṭṭhāsī’’ti.

Aṅguttaranikāyaṭṭhakathāyampi (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.130) –

‘‘Buddhānañhi parinibbānato vassasahassameva paṭisambhidā nibbattetuṃ sakkonti, tato paraṃ cha abhiññā, tato tāpi nibbattetuṃ asakkontā tisso vijjā nibbattenti, gacchante gacchante kāle tāpi nibbattetuṃ asakkontā sukkhavipassakā honti. Eteneva upāyena anāgāmino sakadāgāmino sotāpannā’’ti –

Vuttaṃ.

Saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.156) –

‘‘Paṭhamabodhiyañhi bhikkhū paṭisambhidāpattā ahesuṃ. Atha kāle gacchante paṭisambhidā pāpuṇituṃ na sakkhiṃsu, chaḷabhiññā ahesuṃ, tato cha abhiññā pattuṃ asakkontā tisso vijjā pāpuṇiṃsu. Idāni kāle gacchante tisso vijjā pāpuṇituṃ asakkontā āsavakkhayamattaṃ pāpuṇissanti, tampi asakkontā anāgāmiphalaṃ, tampi asakkontā sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, tampi asakkontā sotāpattiphalaṃ, gacchante kāle sotāpattiphalampi pattuṃ na sakkhissantī’’ti –

Vuttaṃ.

Yasmā cetaṃ sabbaṃ aññamaññapaṭiviruddhaṃ, tasmā tesaṃ tesaṃ bhāṇakānaṃ matameva ācariyena tattha tattha dassitanti gahetabbaṃ. Aññathā hi ācariyasseva pubbāparavirodhappasaṅgo siyāti.

Tāniyevāti tāniyeva pañca vassasahassāni. Pariyattimūlakaṃ sāsananti āha ‘‘na hi pariyattiyā asati paṭivedho atthī’’tiādi. Pariyattiyā hi antarahitāya paṭipatti antaradhāyati, paṭipattiyā antarahitāya adhigamo antaradhāyati. Kiṃkāraṇā? Ayañhi pariyatti paṭipattiyā paccayo hoti, paṭipatti adhigamassa, iti paṭipattitopi pariyattiyeva pamāṇaṃ. Tattha paṭivedho ca paṭipatti ca hotipi na hotipi. Ekasmiñhi kāle paṭivedhakarā bhikkhū bahū honti, ‘‘esa bhikkhu puthujjano’’ti aṅguliṃ pasāretvā dassetabbo hoti, imasmiṃyeva dīpe ekavāraṃ puthujjanabhikkhu nāma nāhosi. Paṭipattipūrakāpi kadāci bahū honti, kadāci appā, iti paṭivedho ca paṭipatti ca hotipi na hotipi. Sāsanaṭṭhitiyā pana pariyattiyeva pamāṇaṃ. Paṇḍito hi tepiṭakaṃ sutvā dvepi pūreti. Yathā amhākaṃ bodhisatto āḷārassa santike pañcābhiññā satta ca samāpattiyo nibbattetvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā parikammaṃ pucchi, so ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti āha, tato udakassa santikaṃ gantvā adhigatavisesaṃ saṃsanditvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa parikammaṃ pucchi, so ācikkhi, tassa vacanasamanantarameva mahāsatto taṃ sampādesi, evameva paññavā bhikkhu pariyattiṃ sutvā dvepi pūreti, tasmā pariyattiyā ṭhitāya sāsanaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti. Yathāpi mahato taḷākassa pāḷiyā thirāya udakaṃ na ṭhassatīti na vattabbaṃ, udake sati padumādīni pupphāni na pupphissantīti na vattabbaṃ, evameva mahātaḷākassa thirapāḷisadise tepiṭake buddhavacane sati mahātaḷāke udakasadisā paṭipattipūrakā kulaputtā natthīti na vattabbaṃ, tesu sati mahātaḷāke padumādīni pupphāni viya sotāpannādayo ariyapuggalā natthīti na vattabbaṃ. Evaṃ ekantato pariyattiyeva pamāṇaṃ.

Pariyattiyā antarahitāyāti ettha pariyattīti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.130) tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ sāṭṭhakathā pāḷi. Yāva sā tiṭṭhati, tāva pariyatti paripuṇṇā nāma hoti. Gacchante gacchante kāle kaliyugarājāno adhammikā honti, tesu adhammikesu tesampi amaccādayo adhammikā honti, tato raṭṭhajanapadavāsinoti tesaṃ adhammikatāya na devo sammā vassati, tato sassāni na sampajjanti, tesu asampajjantesu paccayadāyakā bhikkhusaṅghassa paccaye dātuṃ na sakkonti, bhikkhū paccayehi kilamantā antevāsike saṅgahetuṃ na sakkonti. Gacchante gacchante kāle pariyatti parihāyati, atthavasena dhāretuṃ na sakkonti, pāḷivaseneva dhārenti. Tato kāle gacchante pāḷimpi sakalaṃ dhāretuṃ na sakkonti, paṭhamaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ parihāyati, parihāyamānaṃ matthakato paṭṭhāya parihāyati. Paṭhamameva hi mahāpakaraṇaṃ parihāyati, tasmiṃ parihīne yamakaṃ, kathāvatthu, puggalapaññatti, dhātukathā, vibhaṅgo, dhammasaṅgahoti.

Evaṃ abhidhammapiṭake parihīne matthakato paṭṭhāya suttantapiṭakaṃ parihāyati. Paṭhamañhi aṅguttaranikāyo parihāyati, tasmimpi paṭhamaṃ ekādasakanipāto…pe… tato ekakanipātoti. Evaṃ aṅguttaranikāye parihīne matthakato paṭṭhāya saṃyuttanikāyo parihāyati. Paṭhamañhi mahāvaggo parihāyati, tato saḷāyatanavaggo, khandhakavaggo, nidānavaggo, sagāthāvaggoti. Evaṃ saṃyuttanikāye parihīne matthakato paṭṭhāya majjhimanikāyo parihāyati. Paṭhamañhi uparipaṇṇāsako parihāyati, tato majjhimapaṇṇāsako, tato mūlapaṇṇāsakoti. Evaṃ majjhimanikāye parihīne matthakato paṭṭhāya dīghanikāyo parihāyati. Paṭhamañhi pāthikavaggo parihāyati, tato mahāvaggo, tato sīlakkhandhavaggoti. Evaṃ dīghanikāye parihīne suttantapiṭakaṃ parihīnaṃ nāma hoti. Vinayapiṭakena saddhiṃ jātakameva dhārenti. Vinayapiṭakañhi lajjino dhārenti, lābhakāmā pana ‘‘suttante kathitepi sallakkhentā natthī’’ti jātakameva dhārenti. Gacchante kāle jātakampi dhāretuṃ na sakkonti. Atha nesaṃ paṭhamaṃ vessantarajātakaṃ parihāyati, tato paṭilomakkamena puṇṇakajātakaṃ, mahānāradajātakanti pariyosāne apaṇṇakajātakaṃ parihāyati, vinayapiṭakameva dhārenti.

Gacchante kāle tampi matthakato paṭṭhāya parihāyati. Paṭhamañhi parivāro parihāyati, tato khandhako, bhikkhunīvibhaṅgo, mahāvibhaṅgoti anukkamena uposathakkhandhakamattameva dhārenti. Tadāpi pariyatti anantarahitāva hoti. Yāva pana manussesu catuppadikagāthāpi pavattati, tāva pariyatti anantarahitāva hoti. Yadā saddho pasanno rājā hatthikkhandhe suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakamhi sahassatthavikaṃ ṭhapāpetvā ‘‘buddhehi kathitaṃ catuppadikaṃ gāthaṃ jānanto imaṃ sahassaṃ gaṇhatū’’ti nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā gaṇhanakaṃ alabhitvā ‘‘ekavāraṃ carāpite nāmaṃ suṇantāpi honti asuṇantāpī’’ti yāvatatiyaṃ carāpetvā gaṇhanakaṃ alabhitvā rājapurisā sahassatthavikaṃ puna rājakulaṃ pavesenti, tadā pariyatti antarahitā nāma hoti.

Ciraṃ pavattissatīti pariyattiyā antarahitāyapi liṅgamattaṃ addhānaṃ pavattissati. Kathaṃ? Gacchante gacchante hi kāle cīvaraggahaṇaṃ pattaggahaṇaṃ samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ ālokitavilokitaṃ na pāsādikaṃ hoti, nigaṇṭhasamaṇā viya alābupattaṃ bhikkhū pattaṃ aggabāhāya parikkhipitvā ādāya vicaranti, ettāvatāpi liṅgaṃ anantarahitameva hoti. Gacchante pana kāle aggabāhato otāretvā hatthena vā sikkāya vā olambetvā vicaranti, cīvarampi rajanasāruppaṃ akatvā oṭṭhaṭṭhivaṇṇaṃ katvā rajanti. Gacchante kāle rajanampi na hoti, dasacchindanaṃ ovaṭṭikāvijjhanaṃ kappamattañca katvā vaḷañjanti, puna ovaṭṭikaṃ vijjhitvā kappaṃ na karonti. Tato ubhayampi akatvā dasā chetvā paribbājakā viya caranti. Gacchante kāle ‘‘ko iminā amhākaṃ attho’’ti khuddakaṃ kāsāvakhaṇḍaṃ hatthe vā gīvāyaṃ vā bandhanti, kesesu vā allīyāpenti, dārabharaṇaṃ karontā kasitvā vapitvā jīvikaṃ kappetvā vicaranti, tadā dakkhiṇaṃ dento jano saṅghaṃ uddissa etesampi deti. Idaṃ sandhāya bhagavatā vuttaṃ ‘‘bhavissanti kho panānanda, anāgatamaddhānaṃ gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā, tesu dussīlesu saṅghaṃ uddissa dānaṃ dassanti, tadāpāhaṃ, ānanda, saṅghagataṃ dakkhiṇaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ appameyyaṃ vadāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.380). Tato gacchante kāle nānāvidhāni kammāni karontā ‘‘papañco esa, kiṃ iminā amhāka’’nti kāsāvakhaṇḍaṃ chinditvā araññe khipanti, tasmiṃ kāle liṅgaṃ antarahitaṃ nāma hoti. Kassapadasabalassa kira kālato paṭṭhāya yonakānaṃ setavatthāni pārupitvā caraṇacārittaṃ jātaṃ. Evaṃ pariyattiyā antarahitāyapi liṅgamattaṃ ciraṃ pavattissatīti veditabbaṃ.

Aṭṭhagarudhammakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.