7. Āvaṭṭahāravibhaṅgavaṇṇanā

29.Tatthakatamo āvaṭṭo hāroti āvaṭṭahāravibhaṅgo. Tattha ārambhathāti ārambhadhātusaṅkhātaṃ vīriyaṃ karotha. Nikkamathāti kosajjapakkhato nikkhantattā nikkamadhātusaṅkhātaṃ taduttarivīriyaṃ karotha. Yuñjatha buddhasāsaneti yasmā sīlasaṃvaro indriyesu guttadvāratā bhojane mattaññutā satisampajaññanti imesu dhammesu patiṭṭhitānaṃ jāgariyānuyogavasena ārambhanikkamadhātuyo sampajjanti, tasmā tathābhūtasamathavipassanāsaṅkhāte bhagavato sāsane yuttappayuttā hotha. Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaroti evaṃ paṭipajjantā ca tedhātuissarassa maccurājassa vasaṃ satte netīti tassa senāsaṅkhātaṃ abalaṃ dubbalaṃ yathā nāma balūpapanno kuñjaro naḷehi kataṃ agāraṃ khaṇeneva viddhaṃseti, evameva kilesagaṇaṃ dhunātha vidhamatha viddhaṃsethāti attho (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.185).

Idāni yadatthaṃ ayaṃ gāthā nikkhittā, taṃ yojetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ārambhatha nikkamathāti vīriyassa padaṭṭhāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha ārambhatha nikkamathāti idaṃ vacanaṃ vīriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ vīriyapayogassa kāraṇaṃ vīriyārambhe niyojanato, ‘‘yogā ve jāyatī bhūrī’’ti (dha. pa. 282) vacanato yogo bhāvanā. Tattha vipassanābhāvanāya vakkhamānattā samādhibhāvanā idhādhippetāti vuttaṃ – ‘‘yuñjatha buddhasāsaneti samādhissa padaṭṭhāna’’nti. ‘‘Maccuno sena’’nti vuttāya kilesasenāya sammā dhunanaṃ ñāṇeneva hotīti āha – ‘‘dhunātha…pe… padaṭṭhāna’’nti. Puna yathāvuttavīriyasamādhipaññāsampayuttesu ādhipaccakiccatāya papañcappahānasamatthā vaṭṭamūlaṃ chinditvā vivaṭṭaṃ pāpenti cāti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ārambhatha nikkamathāti vīriyindriyassa padaṭṭhāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Imāni padaṭṭhānāni desanāti ‘‘yānimāni vīriyassa padaṭṭhāna’’ntiādinā vīriyādīnaṃ padaṭṭhānāni vuttāni, sā ārambhatha nikkamathāti ādidesanā, na vīriyārambhavatthuādīnīti attho. Tathā ceva saṃvaṇṇitaṃ.

Evaṃ yathānikkhittāya desanāya padaṭṭhānavasena atthaṃ niddhāretvā idāni taṃ sabhāgavisabhāgadhammavasena āvaṭṭetukāmo tassa bhūmiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ayuñjantānaṃ vā sattānaṃ yoge yuñjantānaṃ vā ārambho’’tiādimāha. Tassattho – yoge bhāvanāyaṃ taṃ ayuñjantānaṃ vā sattānaṃ aparipakkañāṇānaṃ vāsanābhāgena āyatiṃ vijānanatthaṃ ayaṃ desanārambho yuñjantānaṃ vā paripakkañāṇānanti.

So pamādo duvidhoti yena pamādena bhāvanaṃ nānuyuñjanti, so pamādo attano kāraṇabhedena duvidho. Aññāṇenāti pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇapaṭicchādakena sammohena. Nivutoti chādito. Ñeyyaṭṭhānanti ñeyyañca taṃ ‘‘iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo’’tiādinā ñāṇassa pavattanaṭṭhānañcāti ñeyyaṭṭhānaṃ. Anekabhedattā pāpadhammānaṃ tabbasena anekabhedopi pamādo mūlabhūtāya avijjāya vasena eko evāti āha – ‘‘ekavidho avijjāyā’’ti. Lābhavinicchayapariggahamacchariyāni pariyesanāārakkhāparibhogesu antogadhāni. Chandarāgajjhosānā taṇhā evāti taṇhāmūlakepi dhamme ettheva pakkhipitvā ‘‘tividho taṇhāyā’’ti vuttaṃ.

Rūpīsu bhavesūti rūpadhammesu. Ajjhosānanti taṇhābhiniveso. Etena ‘‘taṇhāya rūpakāyo padaṭṭhāna’’nti padassa atthaṃ vivarati. Anādimati hi saṃsāre itthipurisā aññamaññarūpābhirāmā, ayañcattho cittapariyādānasuttena (a. ni. 1.1-10) dīpetabbo. Arūpīsu sammohoti phassādīnaṃ atisukhumasabhāvattā santatisamūhakiccārammaṇaghanavinibbhogassa dukkarattā ca arūpadhammesu sammoho, sattānaṃ patiṭṭhitoti vacanaseso. Evaṃ niddhārite rūpakāyanāmakāyasaṅkhāte upādānakkhandhapañcake ārammaṇakaraṇavasena pavattaṃ taṇhañca avijjañca avisesena vuttaṃ catupādānānaṃ vasena vibhajitvā tesaṃ khandhānaṃ upādānānañca dukkhasamudayabhāvena sahapariññeyyapahātabbabhāvaṃ dasseti ‘‘tattha rūpakāyo’’tiādinā.

30. Evaṃ pamādamukhena purimasaccadvayaṃ niddhāretvā pamādamukheneva aparampi saccadvayaṃ niddhāretuṃ ‘‘tattha yo’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha tassāti tassa pamādassa. Sampaṭivedhenāti sammā parijānanena assādādīnaṃ jānanena. Rakkhaṇā paṭisaṃharaṇāti attano cittassa rakkhaṇasaṅkhātā pamādassa paṭisaṃharaṇā, tappaṭipakkhena saṅkocanā appamādānuyogena yā khepanā. Ayaṃ samathoti kiccena samādhiṃ dasseti. Ayaṃ vodānapakkhavisabhāgadhammavasena āvaṭṭanā. ‘‘Yadā jānāti kāmānaṃ…pe… ānisaṃsa’’nti iminā samathādhigamassa upāyaṃ dasseti.

Tattha kāmānanti vatthukāmānañca kilesakāmānañca. Assādañca assādatoti kāme paṭicca uppajjamānaṃ sukhasomanassasaṅkhātaṃ assādaṃ assādatāya assādamattato. Ādīnavanti ‘‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.236) vuttaṃ ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ. Nissaraṇanti paṭhamajjhānaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhamma’’nti (itivu. 72). Okāranti lāmakabhāvaṃ. Saṃkilesanti saṃkilissanaṃ. Kāmahetu hi sattā saṃkilissanti. Vodānanti visujjhanaṃ. Nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsanti nīvaraṇappahānādiguṇavisesayogaṃ. Tatthāti tasmiṃ yathāvutte samathe sati. Yā vīmaṃsāti yā paññā. ‘‘Samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1071) hi vuttaṃ. Yathā taṇhāsahitāva avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo, evaṃ avijjāsahitāva taṇhā upādānānaṃ paccayo. Tāsu niruddhāsu upādānādīnaṃ abhāvo evāti taṇhāavijjāpahānena sakalavaṭṭadukkhanirodhaṃ dassento ‘‘imesu dvīsu dhammesu pahīnesū’’tiādimāha. Imāni cattāri saccāni visabhāgasabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanavasena niddhāritānīti adhippāyo.

Evaṃ vodānapakkhaṃ nikkhipitvā tassa visabhāgadhammavasena sabhāgadhammavasena ca āvaṭṭanaṃ dassetvā idāni saṃkilesapakkhaṃ nikkhipitvā tassa visabhāgadhammavasena sabhāgadhammavasena ca āvaṭṭanaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yathāpi mūle’’ti gāthamāha. Tassattho – yathā nāma patiṭṭhāhetubhāvena mūlanti laddhavohāre bhūmigate rukkhassa avayave pharasuchedādiantarāyābhāvena anupaddave tato eva daḷhe thire sati khandhe chinnepi assatthādirukkho ruhati, evameva taṇhānusayasaṅkhāte attabhāvarukkhassa mūle maggañāṇapharasunā anupacchinne tayidaṃ dukkhaṃ punappunaṃ aparāparabhāvena nibbattati na nirujjhatīti. Kāmataṇhādinivattanatthaṃ ‘‘bhavataṇhāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Etassa dhammassa paccayoti etassa bhavataṇhāsaṅkhātassa dhammassa bhavesu ādīnavappaṭicchādanādivasena assādaggahaṇassa paccayo. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘saṃyojanīyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassino taṇhā pavaḍḍhatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.57). Tenevāha – ‘‘avijjāpaccayā hi bhavataṇhā’’ti. Idha samatho vipassanā ca maggasamādhi maggapaññā ca adhippetāti āha – ‘‘yena taṇhānusayaṃ samūhanatī’’tiādi. Imāni cattāri saccānīti visabhāgasabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanavasena niddhāritānīti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Idāni na kevalaṃ niddhāriteheva visabhāgasabhāgadhammehi āvaṭṭanaṃ, atha kho pāḷiāgatehipi tehi āvaṭṭanaṃ āvaṭṭahāroti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti gāthamāha . Tattha sabbapāpassāti sabbākusalassa. Akaraṇanti anuppādanaṃ. Kusalassāti catubhūmakakusalassa. Upasampadāti paṭilābho. Sacittapariyodāpananti attano cittavodānaṃ, taṃ pana arahattena hoti. Iti sīlasaṃvarena sabbapāpaṃ pahāya samathavipassanāhi kusalaṃ sampādetvā arahattaphalena cittaṃ pariyodapetabbanti etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ ovādo anusiṭṭhīti ayaṃ saṅkhepattho, vitthārato pana attho pāḷito eva viññāyati.

Tattha ‘‘sabbapāpaṃ nāmā’’tiādīsu dosasamuṭṭhānanti doso samuṭṭhānameva etassāti dosasamuṭṭhānaṃ, na doso eva samuṭṭhānanti. Lobhasamuṭṭhānāyapi pisuṇavācāya sambhavato. Kāyaduccaritanti padaṃ apekkhitvā ‘‘dosasamuṭṭhāna’’nti napuṃsakaniddeso. Lobhasamuṭṭhānaṃ mohasamuṭṭhānanti etthāpi eseva nayo. Samphappalāpo uddhaccacittena pavattayatīti adhippāyena tassa mohasamuṭṭhānatā vuttā.

Evaṃ duccaritaakusalakammapathakammavibhāgena ‘‘sabbapāpa’’nti ettha vuttapāpaṃ vibhajitvā idānissa akusalamūlavasena agatigamanavibhāgampi dassetuṃ ‘‘akusalamūla’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha akusalamūlaṃ payogaṃ gacchantanti lobhādiakusalāni kāyavacīpayogaṃ gacchantāni, kāyavacīpayogaṃ samuṭṭhāpentānīti attho. Chandāti chandahetu. Yaṃ chandā agatiṃ gacchati, idaṃ lobhasamuṭṭhānanti chandā agatiṃ gacchatīti yadetaṃ agatigamanaṃ, idaṃ lobhasamuṭṭhānanti. Evaṃ sesesupi attho daṭṭhabbo. Ettāvatā ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti ettha pāpaṃ dassetvā idāni tassa akaraṇaṃ dassento ‘‘lobho…pe… paññāyā’’ti tīhi kusalamūlehi tiṇṇaṃ akusalamūlānaṃ pahānavasena sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ anuppādanamāha. Tathā lobho upekkhāyātiādinā brahmavihārehi. Tattha aratiṃ vūpasamentī muditā tassā mūlabhūtaṃ mohaṃ pajahatīti katvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘moho muditāya pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatī’’ti.

31. Idāni aññenapi pariyāyena pāpaṃ tassa akaraṇañca dassetvā sesapadānañca atthavibhāvanamukhena sabhāgavisabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sabbapāpaṃ nāma aṭṭha micchattānī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Akiriyā akaraṇaṃ anajjhācāroti tīhipi padehi micchattānaṃ anuppādanameva vadati. Tathā kiriyā karaṇaṃ ajjhācāroti tīhipi padehi uppādanameva vadati. Ajjhācāroti adhiṭṭhahitvā ācaraṇaṃ. Atītassāti cirakālappavattivasena purāṇassa. Maggassāti ariyamaggassa. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘purāṇamaggaṃ purāṇaṃ añjasanti kho ariyassetaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacana’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.65 atthato samānaṃ). Atītena vā vipassinā bhagavatā yathādhigataṃ desitabhāvaṃ sandhāya ‘‘atītassa maggassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Vipassino hi ayaṃ bhagavato sammāsambuddhassa pātimokkhuddesagāthāti.

Yaṃ paṭivedhenāti yassa pariññābhisamayena. Yaṃ pariyodāpitaṃ, ayaṃ nirodhoti yadipi asaṅkhatā dhātu kenaci saṃkilesena na saṃkilissati, adhigacchantassa pana puggalassa vasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Tassa hi yāva saṃkilesā na vigacchanti, tāva asaṅkhatā dhātu apariyodapitāti vuccati. Yathā nibbānādhigamena ye khandhā vūpasametabbā, tesaṃ sesabhāvena asesabhāvena ca ‘‘saupādisesā’’ti ca, ‘‘anupādisesā’’ti ca vuccati, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Imāni pāḷiāgatadhammānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanavasena niddhāritāni cattāri saccāni punapi pāḷiāgatadhammānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanena āvaṭṭahāraṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘dhammo have rakkhatī’’ti gāthamāha. Tassā padattho pubbe vutto eva. Dhammoti puññadhammo idhādhippeto. Taṃ vibhajitvā dassento ‘‘dhammo nāma duvidho indriyasaṃvaro maggo cā’’ti āha. Indriyasaṃvarasīsena cettha sabbampi sīlaṃ gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Sabbā upapattiyo duggati dukkhadukkhatādiyogena dukkhā gatiyoti katvā. Yathāvutte duvidhe dhamme paṭhamo dhammo yathā suciṇṇo hoti, yato ca so rakkhati, yattha ca patiṭṭhāpeti, taṃ sabbaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha yā saṃvarasīle akhaṇḍakāritā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Idāni tassa dhammassa apāyato rakkhaṇe ekantikabhāvaṃ vibhāvetuṃ gāmaṇisaṃyutte (saṃ. ni. 4.358) asibandhakaputtasuttaṃ ābhataṃ.

Tattha evanti pakārena. Ca-saddo sampiṇḍane, imināpi pakārena ayamattho veditabboti adhippāyo. Asibandhakaputtoti asibandhakassa nāma putto. Gāme jeṭṭhakatāya gāmaṇī. Pacchābhūmakāti pacchābhūmivāsino. Kāmaṇḍalukāti sakamaṇḍaluno. Sevālamālikāti pātova udakato sevālañceva uppalādīni ca gahetvā udakasuddhibhāvajānanatthaṃ mālaṃ katvā piḷandhanakā. Udakorohakāti sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakaṃ orohaṇakā. Uyyāpentīti upariyāpenti. Saññāpentīti sammā yāpenti. Saggaṃ nāma okkāmentīti parivāretvā ṭhitāva ‘‘gaccha, bho, brahmalokaṃ, gaccha, bho, brahmaloka’’nti vadantā saggaṃ pavesenti.

Anuparisakkeyyāti anuparigaccheyya. Ummujjāti uṭṭhaha. Uplavāti jalassa upariplava. Thalamuplavāti thalaṃ abhiruha. Tatra yāssāti tatra yaṃ assa, yaṃ bhaveyya. Sakkharakaṭhalanti sakkharā vā kaṭhalā vā. Sā adhogāmī assāti sā adho gaccheyya, heṭṭhāgāmī bhaveyya. Adho gaccheyyāti heṭṭhā gaccheyya. Maggassāti ariyamaggassa. Tikkhatāti tikhiṇatā. Sā ca kho na satthakassa viya nisitakaraṇatā, atha kho indriyānaṃ paṭubhāvoti dassetuṃ ‘‘adhimattatā’’ti āha. Nanu ca ariyamaggo attanā pahātabbakilese anavasesaṃ samucchindatīti atikhiṇo nāma natthīti? Saccametaṃ, tathāpi no ca kho ‘‘yathā diṭṭhippattassā’’ti vacanato saddhāvimuttadiṭṭhippattānaṃ kilesappahānaṃ pati atthi kāci visesamattāti sakkā vattuṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso na idhādhippeto, sabbupapattisamatikkamanassa adhippetattā. Yasmā pana ariyamaggena odhiso kilesā pahīyanti, tañca nesaṃ tathāpahānaṃ maggadhammesu indriyānaṃ apāṭavapāṭavatarapāṭavatamabhāvena hotīti yo vajirūpamadhammesu matthakappattānaṃ aggamaggadhammānaṃ paṭutamabhāvo. Ayaṃ idha maggassa tikkhatāti adhippetā. Tenevāha – ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo suciṇṇo sabbāhi upapattīhi rakkhatī’’ti. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassā’’tiādinā suttantarena (udā. 32) sugatisaññitānampi upapattīnaṃ duggatibhāvaṃ sādheti.

32. Idāni yathāvuttassa dhammassa visabhāgadhammānaṃ taṇhāvijjādīnaṃ sabhāgadhammānañca samathavipassanādīnaṃ niddhāraṇavasena āvaṭṭahāraṃ yojetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha duggatīnaṃ hetu taṇhā ca avijjā cā’’tiādimāha. Taṃ pubbe vuttanayattā suviññeyyameva. Idaṃ vuccati brahmacariyanti idaṃ ariyaṃ samathavipassanāsaṅkhātaṃ maggabrahmacariyanti vuccati. Yaṃ rakkhatīti sabbāhi duggatīhi rakkhantassa ariyamaggassa ārammaṇabhūto nirodho rakkhanto viya vutto, nimittassa kattubhāvena upacaritattā. Imāni cattāri saccāni visabhāgasabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanavasena niddhāritānīti adhippāyo.

Āvaṭṭahāravibhaṅgavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.