7. Cātumasuttaṃ

157. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā cātumāyaṃ viharati āmalakīvane. Tena kho pana samayena sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni honti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā ahesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ke panete, ānanda, uccāsaddā mahāsaddā, kevaṭṭā maññe macchavilope’’ti? ‘‘Etāni, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Te āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā’’ti. ‘‘Tenahānanda, mama vacanena te bhikkhū āmantehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu tumhe, bhikkhave, uccāsaddā mahāsaddā, kevaṭṭā maññe macchavilope’’ti? ‘‘Imāni, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Teme āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā’’ti. ‘‘Gacchatha, bhikkhave, paṇāmemi vo, na vo mama santike vatthabba’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya pakkamiṃsu.

158. Tena kho pana samayena cātumeyyakā sakyā santhāgāre ² sannipatitā honti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Addasaṃsu kho cātumeyyakā sakyā te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante; disvāna yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘handa, kahaṃ pana tumhe āyasmanto gacchathā’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho paṇāmito’’ti. ‘‘Tenahāyasmanto muhuttaṃ nisīdatha, appeva nāma mayaṃ sakkuṇeyyāma bhagavantaṃ pasādetu’’nti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū cātumeyyakānaṃ sakyānaṃ paccassosuṃ. Atha kho cātumeyyakā sakyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho cātumeyyakā sakyā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante , bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Santettha, bhante, bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo; evameva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo; evameva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evameva bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.

159. Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ ⁴ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evameva bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Santettha, bhante, bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo; evameva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi bhante, vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo; evameva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evameva bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.

160. Asakkhiṃsu kho cātumeyyakā ca sakyā brahmā ca sahampati bhagavantaṃ pasādetuṃ bījūpamena ca taruṇūpamena ca. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘uṭṭhethāvuso, gaṇhatha pattacīvaraṃ. Pasādito bhagavā cātumeyyakehi ca sakyehi brahmunā ca sahampatinā bījūpamena ca taruṇūpamena cā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pattacīvaramādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kinti te, sāriputta, ahosi mayā bhikkhusaṅghe paṇāmite’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bhante, ahosi – ‘bhagavatā bhikkhusaṅgho paṇāmito. Appossukko dāni bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharissati, mayampi dāni appossukkā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyuttā viharissāmā’’’ti. ‘‘Āgamehi tvaṃ, sāriputta, āgamehi tvaṃ, sāriputta, diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāra’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kinti te, moggallāna, ahosi mayā bhikkhusaṅghe paṇāmite’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bhante, ahosi – ‘bhagavatā bhikkhusaṅgho paṇāmito. Appossukko dāni bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharissati, ahañca dāni āyasmā ca sāriputto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmā’’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, moggallāna! Ahaṃ vā hi, moggallāna , bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parihareyyaṃ sāriputtamoggallānā vā’’ti.

161. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, bhayāni udakorohante pāṭikaṅkhitabbāni. Katamāni cattāri? Ūmibhayaṃ ⁶, kumbhīlabhayaṃ, āvaṭṭabhayaṃ, susukābhayaṃ – imāni, bhikkhave, cattāri bhayāni udakorohante pāṭikaṅkhitabbāni. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cattārimāni bhayāni idhekacce puggale imasmiṃ dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajite pāṭikaṅkhitabbāni. Katamāni cattāri? Ūmibhayaṃ, kumbhīlabhayaṃ, āvaṭṭabhayaṃ, susukābhayaṃ.

162. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, ūmibhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ti. Tamenaṃ tathā pabbajitaṃ samānaṃ sabrahmacārī ovadanti, anusāsanti – ‘evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te ālokitabbaṃ, evaṃ te vilokitabbaṃ, evaṃ te samiñjitabbaṃ, evaṃ te pasāritabbaṃ, evaṃ te saṅghāṭipattacīvaraṃ dhāretabba’nti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘mayaṃ kho pubbe agāriyabhūtā samānā aññe ovadāma, anusāsāma ⁹. Ime panamhākaṃ puttamattā maññe, nattamattā maññe, amhe ¹⁰ ovaditabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññantī’ti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ūmibhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Ūmibhaya’nti kho, bhikkhave, kodhupāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

163. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, kumbhīlabhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ti. Tamenaṃ tathā pabbajitaṃ samānaṃ sabrahmacārī ovadanti anusāsanti – ‘idaṃ te khāditabbaṃ, idaṃ te na khāditabbaṃ; idaṃ te bhuñjitabbaṃ, idaṃ te na bhuñjitabbaṃ; idaṃ te sāyitabbaṃ, idaṃ te na sāyitabbaṃ; idaṃ te pātabbaṃ, idaṃ te na pātabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te khāditabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na khāditabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te bhuñjitabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na bhuñjitabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te sāyitabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na sāyitabbaṃ ; kappiyaṃ te pātabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na pātabbaṃ; kāle te khāditabbaṃ, vikāle te na khāditabbaṃ; kāle te bhuñjitabbaṃ, vikāle te na bhuñjitabbaṃ; kāle te sāyitabbaṃ, vikāle te na sāyitabbaṃ; kāle te pātabbaṃ, vikāle te na pātabba’nti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘mayaṃ kho pubbe agāriyabhūtā samānā yaṃ icchāma taṃ khādāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ khādāma; yaṃ icchāma taṃ bhuñjāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ bhuñjāma; yaṃ icchāma taṃ sāyāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ sāyāma; yaṃ icchāma taṃ pivāma ¹², yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ pivāma; kappiyampi khādāma, akappiyampi khādāma; kappiyampi bhuñjāma, akappiyampi bhuñjāma; kappiyampi sāyāma, akappiyampi sāyāma; kappiyampi pivāma, akappiyampi pivāma; kālepi khādāma, vikālepi khādāma; kālepi bhuñjāma vikālepi bhuñjāma; kālepi sāyāma, vikālepi sāyāma; kālepi pivāma, vikālepi pivāma. Yampi no saddhā gahapatikā divā vikāle paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ denti tatthapime mukhāvaraṇaṃ maññe karontī’ti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kumbhīlabhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Kumbhīlabhaya’nti kho, bhikkhave, odarikattassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

164. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, āvaṭṭabhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati. Arakkhiteneva kāyena arakkhitāya vācāya anupaṭṭhitāya satiyā asaṃvutehi indriyehi so tattha passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgībhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ ¹⁵. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘mayaṃ kho pubbe agāriyabhūtā samānā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārimhā. Saṃvijjanti kho pana me kule ¹⁶ bhogā. Sakkā bhoge ca bhuñjituṃ puññāni ca kātu’nti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āvaṭṭabhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Āvaṭṭabhaya’nti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

165. ‘‘Katamañca , bhikkhave, susukābhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati. Arakkhiteneva kāyena arakkhitāya vācāya anupaṭṭhitāya satiyā asaṃvutehi indriyehi so tattha passati mātugāmaṃ dunnivatthaṃ vā duppārutaṃ vā. Tassa mātugāmaṃ disvā dunnivatthaṃ vā duppārutaṃ vā rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti. So rāgānuddhaṃsena ¹⁸ cittena sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati . Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, susukābhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Susukābhaya’nti kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri bhayāni, idhekacce puggale imasmiṃ dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajite pāṭikaṅkhitabbānī’’ti.

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

Cātumasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ sattamaṃ.