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CHROMOSOME
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
A threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
Example:
humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("chromosome" is a kind of...):
body (an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects)
Meronyms (parts of "chromosome"):
nucleolar organiser; nucleolar organizer; nucleolus organiser; nucleolus organizer (the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after nuclear division)
chromatin; chromatin granule (the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins; during mitotic division it condenses into chromosomes)
cistron; factor; gene ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity)
chromatid (one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis)
centromere; kinetochore (a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape)
telomere (either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "chromosome"):
sex chromosome ((genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual)
autosome; somatic chromosome (any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa)
acentric chromosome (a chromosome lacking a centromere)
acrocentric chromosome (a chromosome with the centromere near one end so that one chromosomal arm is short and one is long)
metacentric chromosome (a chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position)
telocentric chromosome (a chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position)
Holonyms ("chromosome" is a part of...):
cell nucleus; karyon; nucleus (a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction)
Derivation:
chromosomal (of or relating to a chromosome)
Context examples:
The majority of cases result from deletions on the long arm of chromosome 15.
(Angelman Syndrome, NCI Thesaurus)
Antimicrotubule agents interfere with microtubules (cellular structures that help move chromosomes during mitosis).
(Antimicrotubule agent, NCI Dictionary)
The gene for BCL2 is found on chromosome 18, and transfer of the BCL2 gene to a different chromosome is seen in many B-cell leukemias and lymphomas.
(Apoptosis Regulator Bcl-2, NCI Dictionary)
A fusion gene that results from an inversion involving the q arm of chromosome 11 that fuses the fourth exon of the APOA1 gene with the first intron of the APOC3 gene.
(APOA1/APOC3 Fusion Gene, NCI Thesaurus)
BCR-ABL oncoprotein is generated by a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 specifically t(9;22)(q34;q11).
(Metatinib Tromethamine, NCI Thesaurus)
A genetic marker phenotype found in some cancers, this condition is marked by the presence of hundreds to thousands of mutations in microsatellite regions of chromosomes.
(Microsatellite Mutator Phenotype, NCI Thesaurus)
The failure of the chromosomes to disjoin and move to opposite poles during mitosis, by which could result in mosaic individual.
(Mitotic Nondisjunction, NCI Thesaurus)
Agents that modulate the activity of kinesins, specifically those that produce inhibitory effects, interfere with mitotic spindle assembly, organization and eventually, chromosome alignment and segregation, thereby inducing mitotic arrest.
(Mitotic Kinesin Modulator, NCI Thesaurus)
The mitotic cycle consists of a series of steps during which the chromosomes and other cell material double to make two copies.
(Mitotic cycle, NCI Dictionary)
The faithful segregation of genetic information requires highly orchestrated changes of chromosome structure during the mitotic cell cycle.
(Mitotic Sister Chromatid Cohesion, NCI Thesaurus)
