10. Cūḷanikāsuttavaṇṇanā

81. Dasamassa duvidho nikkhepo atthuppattikopi pucchāvasikopi. Kataraatthuppattiyaṃ kassa pucchāya kathitanti ce? Aruṇavatisuttantaatthuppattiyaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.185 ādayo) ānandattherassa pucchāya kathitaṃ. Aruṇavatisuttanto kena kathitoti? Dvīhi buddhehi kathito sikhinā ca bhagavatā amhākañca satthārā. Imasmā hi kappā ekatiṃsakappamatthake aruṇavatinagare aruṇavato rañño pabhāvatiyā nāma mahesiyā kucchismiṃ nibbattitvā paripakke ñāṇe mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā sikhī bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko aruṇavatiṃ nissāya viharanto ekadivasaṃ pātova sarīrappaṭijagganaṃ katvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivāro ‘‘aruṇavatiṃ piṇḍāya pavisissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā vihāradvārakoṭṭhakasamīpe ṭhito abhibhuṃ nāma aggasāvakaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘atippago kho, bhikkhu, aruṇavatiṃ piṇḍāya pavisituṃ, yena aññataro brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. Yathāha –

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘āyāma, brāhmaṇa, yena aññataro brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma, na tāva bhattakālo bhavissatī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paccassosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu yena aññataro brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamiṃsū’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.185).

Tattha mahābrahmā sammāsambuddhaṃ disvā attamano paccuggamanaṃ katvā brahmāsanaṃ paññāpetvā adāsi, therassāpi anucchavikaṃ āsanaṃ paññāpayiṃsu. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane, theropi attano paññattāsane nisīdi. Mahābrahmāpi dasabalaṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘paṭibhātu taṃ, brāhmaṇa, brahmuno ca brahmaparisāya ca brahmapārisajjānañca dhammīkathāti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissuṇitvā brahmuno ca brahmaparisāya ca brahmapārisajjānañca dhammiṃ kathaṃ kathesi. There dhammaṃ kathente brahmagaṇā ujjhāyiṃsu – ‘‘cirassañca mayaṃ satthu brahmalokāgamanaṃ labhimha, ayañca bhikkhu ṭhapetvā satthāraṃ sayaṃ dhammakathaṃ ārabhī’’ti.

Satthā tesaṃ anattamanabhāvaṃ ñatvā abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ujjhāyanti kho te, brāhmaṇa, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca. Tena hi tvaṃ – brāhmaṇa, bhiyyosomattāya saṃvejehī’’ti. Thero satthu vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā anekavihitaṃ iddhivikubbanaṃ katvā sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpento ‘‘ārambhatha nikkamathā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.185) gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi. Kiṃ pana katvā thero sahassilokadhātuṃ viññāpesīti? Nīlakasiṇaṃ tāva samāpajjitvā sabbattha andhakāraṃ phari, tato ‘‘kimidaṃ andhakāra’’nti sattānaṃ ābhoge uppanne ālokaṃ dassesi. ‘‘Kiṃ āloko aya’’nti vicinantānaṃ attānaṃ dassesi, sahassacakkavāḷe devamanussā añjaliṃ paggaṇhitvā paggaṇhitvā theraṃyeva namassamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero ‘‘mahājano mayhaṃ dhammaṃ desentassa saraṃ suṇātū’’ti imā gāthā abhāsi. Sabbe osaṭāya parisāya majjhe nisīditvā dhammaṃ desentassa viya saddaṃ assosuṃ. Atthopi nesaṃ pākaṭo ahosi.

Atha kho bhagavā saddhiṃ therena aruṇavatiṃ paccāgantvā piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pucchi – ‘‘assuttha no tumhe, bhikkhave, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’ti. Te ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti paṭijānitvā sutabhāvaṃ āvikarontā tadeva gāthādvayaṃ udāhariṃsu. Satthā ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā desanaṃ niṭṭhapesi. Evaṃ tāva idaṃ suttaṃ ito ekatiṃsakappamatthake sikhinā bhagavatā kathitaṃ.

Amhākaṃ pana bhagavā sabbaññutaṃ patto pavattitavaradhammacakko sāvatthiṃ upanissāya jetavane viharanto jeṭṭhamūlamāsapuṇṇamadivase bhikkhū āmantetvā imaṃ aruṇavatisuttaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Ānandatthero bījaniṃ gahetvā bījayamāno ṭhitakova ādito paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānā ekabyañjanampi ahāpetvā sakalasuttaṃ uggaṇhi. So punadivase piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto dasabalassa vattaṃ dassetvā attano divāvihāraṭṭhānaṃ gantvā saddhivihārikantevāsikesu vattaṃ dassetvā pakkantesu hiyyo kathitaṃ aruṇavatisuttaṃ āvajjento nisīdi. Athassa sabbaṃ suttaṃ vibhūtaṃ upaṭṭhāsi. So cintesi – ‘‘sikhissa bhagavato aggasāvako brahmaloke ṭhatvā cakkavāḷasahasse andhakāraṃ vidhametvā sarīrobhāsaṃ dassetvā attano saddaṃ sāvento dhammakathaṃ kathesīti hiyyo satthārā kathitaṃ, sāvakassa tāva visayo evarūpo, dasa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbaññutaṃ patto pana sammāsambuddho kittakaṃ ṭhānaṃ sarena viññāpeyyā’’ti. So evaṃ uppannāya vimatiyā vinodanatthaṃ taṅkhaṇeyeva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tamatthaṃ pucchi. Etamatthaṃ dassetuṃ atha kho āyasmā ānandoti vuttaṃ.

Tattha sammukhāti sammukhībhūtena mayā etaṃ sutaṃ, na anussavena, na dūtaparamparāyāti iminā adhippāyena evamāha. Kīvatakaṃ pahoti sarena viññāpetunti kittakaṃ ṭhānaṃ sarīrobhāsena vihatandhakāraṃ katvā sarena viññāpetuṃ sakkoti. Sāvako so, ānanda, appameyyā tathāgatāti idaṃ bhagavā iminā adhippāyenāha – ānanda, tvaṃ kiṃ vadesi, so padesañāṇe ṭhito sāvako. Tathāgatā pana dasa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ pattā appameyyā. So tvaṃ nakhasikhāya paṃsuṃ gahetvā mahāpathavipaṃsunā saddhiṃ upamento viya kiṃ nāmetaṃ vadesi. Añño hi sāvakānaṃ visayo, añño buddhānaṃ. Añño sāvakānaṃ gocaro, añño buddhānaṃ. Aññaṃ sāvakānaṃ balaṃ, aññaṃ buddhānanti. Iti bhagavā iminā adhippāyena appameyyabhāvaṃ vatvā tuṇhī ahosi.

Thero dutiyampi pucchi. Satthā, ‘‘ānanda, tvaṃ tāḷacchiddaṃ gahetvā anantākāsena upamento viya, cātakasakuṇaṃ gahetvā diyaḍḍhayojanasatikena supaṇṇarājena upamento viya, hatthisoṇḍāya udakaṃ gahetvā mahāgaṅgāya upamento viya, caturatanike āvāṭe udakaṃ gahetvā sattahi sarehi upamento viya, nāḷikodanamattalābhiṃ manussaṃ gahetvā cakkavattiraññā upamento viya, paṃsupisācakaṃ gahetvā sakkena devaraññā upamento viya, khajjopanakappabhaṃ gahetvā sūriyappabhāya upamento viya kiṃ nāmetaṃ vadesīti dīpento dutiyampi appameyyabhāvameva vatvā tuṇhī ahosi. Tato thero cintesi – ‘‘satthā mayā pucchito na tāva kathesi, handa naṃ yāvatatiyaṃ yācitvā buddhasīhanādaṃ nadāpessāmī’’ti. So tatiyampi yāci. Taṃ dassetuṃ tatiyampi khotiādi vuttaṃ. Athassa bhagavā byākaronto sutā te ānandātiādimāha. Thero cintesi – ‘‘satthā me ‘sutā te, ānanda, sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātū’ti ettakameva vatvā tuṇhī jāto, idāni buddhasīhanādaṃ nadissatī’’ti so satthāraṃ yācanto etassa bhagavā kālotiādimāha.

Bhagavāpissa vitthārakathaṃ kathetuṃ tena hānandātiādimāha. Tattha yāvatāti yattakaṃ ṭhānaṃ. Candimasūriyāti candimā ca sūriyo ca. Pariharantīti vicaranti. Disā bhantīti sabbadisā obhāsanti. Virocanāti virocamānā. Ettāvatā ekacakkavāḷaṃ paricchinditvā dassitaṃ hoti. Idāni taṃ sahassaguṇaṃ katvā dassento tāva sahassadhā lokoti āha. Tasmiṃ sahassadhā loketi tasmiṃ sahassacakkavāḷe. Sahassaṃ cātumahārājikānanti sahassaṃ cātumahārājikānaṃ devalokānaṃ. Yasmā pana ekekasmiṃ cakkavāḷe cattāro cattāro mahārājāno , tasmā cattāri mahārājasahassānīti vuttaṃ. Iminā upāyena sabbattha attho veditabbo. Cūḷanikāti khuddikā. Ayaṃ sāvakānaṃ visayo. Kasmā panesā ānītāti? Majjhimikāya lokadhātuyā paricchedadassanatthaṃ.

Yāvatāti yattakā. Tāva sahassadhāti tāva sahassabhāgena. Dvisahassī majjhimikā lokadhātūti ayaṃ sahassacakkavāḷāni sahassabhāgena gaṇetvā dasasatasahassacakkavāḷaparimāṇā dvisahassī majjhimikā nāma lokadhātu. Ayaṃ sāvakānaṃ avisayo, buddhānameva visayo. Ettakepi hi ṭhāne tathāgatā andhakāraṃ vidhametvā sarīrobhāsaṃ dassetvā sarena viññāpetuṃ sakkontīti dīpeti. Ettakena buddhānaṃ jātikkhettaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Bodhisattānañhi pacchimabhave devalokato cavitvā mātukucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇadivase ca kucchito nikkhamanadivase ca mahābhinikkhamanadivase ca sambodhidhammacakkappavattanaāyusaṅkhāravossajjanaparinibbānadivasesu ca ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ kampati.

Tisahassī mahāsahassīti sahassito paṭṭhāya tatiyāti tisahassī, sahassaṃ sahassadhā katvā gaṇitaṃ majjhimikaṃ sahassadhā katvā gaṇitattā mahantehi sahassehi gaṇitāti mahāsahassī. Ettāvatā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaparimāṇo loko dassito hoti. Bhagavā ākaṅkhamāno ettake ṭhāne andhakāraṃ vidhametvā sarīrobhāsaṃ dassetvā sarena viññāpeyyāti. Gaṇakaputtatissatthero pana evamāha – ‘‘na tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuyā evaṃ parimāṇaṃ. Idañhi ācariyānaṃ sajjhāyamuḷhakaṃ vācāya parihīnaṭṭhānaṃ, dasakoṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaparimāṇaṃ pana ṭhānaṃ tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātu nāmā’’ti. Ettāvatā hi bhagavatā āṇākkhettaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Etasmiñhi antare āṭānāṭiyaparittaisigiliparittadhajaggaparittabojjhaṅgaparittakhandhaparitta- moraparittamettaparittaratanaparittānaṃ āṇā pharati. Yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyāti yattakaṃ ṭhānaṃ iccheyya, iminā visayakkhettaṃ dasseti. Buddhānañhi visayakkhettassa pamāṇaparicchedo nāma natthi, natthikabhāve cassa imaṃ opammaṃ āharanti – koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷamhi yāva brahmalokā sāsapehi pūretvā sace koci puratthimāya disāya ekacakkavāḷe ekaṃ sāsapaṃ pakkhipanto āgaccheyya, sabbepi te sāsapā parikkhayaṃ gaccheyyuṃ, na tveva puratthimāya disāya cakkavāḷāni. Dakkhiṇādīsupi eseva nayo. Tattha buddhānaṃ avisayo nāma natthi.

Evaṃ vutte thero cintesi – ‘‘satthā evamāha – ‘ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā’ti. Visamo kho panāyaṃ loko, anantāni cakkavāḷāni, ekasmiṃ ṭhāne sūriyo uggato hoti, ekasmiṃ ṭhāne majjhe ṭhito, ekasmiṃ ṭhāne atthaṅgato. Ekasmiṃ ṭhāne paṭhamayāmo hoti, ekasmiṃ ṭhāne majjhimayāmo, ekasmiṃ ṭhāne pacchimayāmo. Sattāpi kammappasutā, khiḍḍāpasutā, āhārappasutāti evaṃ tehi tehi kāraṇehi vikkhittā ca pamattā ca honti. Kathaṃ nu kho te satthā sarena viññāpeyyā’’ti. So evaṃ cintetvā vimaticchedanatthaṃ tathāgataṃ pucchanto yathā kathaṃ panātiādimāha.

Athassa satthā byākaronto idhānanda, tathāgatotiādimāha. Tattha obhāsena phareyyāti sarīrobhāsena phareyya. Pharamāno panesa kiṃ kareyyāti? Yasmiṃ ṭhāne sūriyo paññāyati, tattha naṃ attano ānubhāvena atthaṃ gameyya. Yattha pana na paññāyati, tattha naṃ uṭṭhāpetvā majjhe ṭhapeyya . Tato yattha sūriyo paññāyati, tattha manussā ‘‘adhunāva sūriyo paññāyittha, so idāneva atthaṅgamito, nāgāvaṭṭo nu kho ayaṃ, bhūtāvaṭṭayakkhāvaṭṭadevatāvaṭṭānaṃ aññataro’’ti vittakkaṃ uppādeyyuṃ. Yattha pana na paññāyati, tattha manussā ‘‘adhunāva sūriyo atthaṅgamito, svāyaṃ idāneva uṭṭhito, kiṃ nu kho ayaṃ nāgāvaṭṭabhūtāvaṭṭayakkhāvaṭṭadevatāvaṭṭānaṃ aññataro’’ti vitakkaṃ uppādeyyuṃ. Tato tesu manussesu ālokañca andhakārañca āvajjitvā ‘‘kiṃ paccayā nu kho ida’’nti pariyesamānesu satthā nīlakasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā bahalandhakāraṃ patthareyya. Kasmā? Tesaṃ kammādippasutānaṃ sattānaṃ santāsajananatthaṃ. Atha nesaṃ santāsaṃ āpannabhāvaṃ ñatvā odātakasiṇasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā paṇḍaraṃ ghanabuddharasmiṃ vissajjento candasahassasūriyasahassauṭṭhānakālo viya ekappahāreneva sabbaṃ ekālokaṃ kareyya. Tañca kho tilabījamattena kāyappadesena obhāsaṃ muñcanto. Yo hi cakkavāḷapathaviṃ dīpakapallakaṃ katvā mahāsamudde udakaṃ telaṃ katvā sineruṃ vaṭṭiṃ katvā aññasmiṃ sinerumuddhani ṭhapetvā jāleyya, so ekacakkavāḷeyeva ālokaṃ kareyya. Tato paraṃ vidatthimpi obhāsetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya. Tathāgato pana tilaphalappamāṇena sarīrappadesena obhāsaṃ muñcitvā tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ ekobhāsaṃ kareyya tato vā pana bhiyyo. Evaṃ mahantā hi buddhaguṇāti.

Taṃ ālokaṃ sañjāneyyunti taṃ ālokaṃ disvā ‘‘yena sūriyo atthañceva gamito uṭṭhāpito ca, bahalandhakārañca vissaṭṭhaṃ, esa so puriso idāni ālokaṃ katvā ṭhito, aho acchariyapuriso’’ti añjaliṃ paggayha namassamānā nisīdeyyuṃ. Saddamanussāveyyāti dhammakathāsaddamanussāveyya. Yo hi ekaṃ cakkavāḷapabbataṃ bheriṃ katvā mahāpathaviṃ bhericammaṃ katvā sineruṃ daṇḍaṃ katvā aññasmiṃ sinerumatthake ṭhapetvā ākoṭeyya, so ekacakkavāḷeyeva taṃ saddaṃ sāveyya, parato vidatthimpi atikkāmetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya. Tathāgato pana pallaṅke vā pīṭhe vā nisīditvā tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeti, tato vā pana bhiyyo, evaṃ mahānubhāvā tathāgatāti. Iti bhagavā iminā ettakena visayakkhettameva dasseti.

Imañca pana buddhasīhanādaṃ sutvā therassa abbhantare balavapīti uppannā, so pītivasena udānaṃ udānento lābhā vata metiādimāha. Tattha yassa me satthā evaṃmahiddhikoti yassa mayhaṃ satthā evaṃmahiddhiko, tassa mayhaṃ evaṃmahiddhikassa satthu paṭilābho lābhā ceva suladdhañcāti attho. Atha vā yvāhaṃ evarūpassa satthuno pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vicarituṃ, pādaparikammaṃ piṭṭhiparikammaṃ kātuṃ, mukhadhovanaudakanhānodakāni dātuṃ, gandhakuṭipariveṇaṃ sammajjituṃ, uppannāya kaṅkhāya pañhaṃ pucchituṃ, madhuradhammakathañca sotuṃ labhāmi, ete sabbepi mayhaṃ lābhā ceva suladdhañcātipi sandhāya evamāha. Ettha ca bhagavato andhakārālokasaddasavanasaṅkhātānaṃ iddhīnaṃ mahantatāya mahiddhikatā, tāsaṃyeva anupharaṇena mahānubhāvatā veditabbā. Udāyīti lāḷudāyitthero. So kira pubbe upaṭṭhākatthere āghātaṃ bandhitvā carati. Tasmā idāni okāsaṃ labhitvā imasmiṃ buddhasīhanādapariyosāne jalamānaṃ dīpasikhaṃ nibbāpento viya carantassa goṇassa tuṇḍe pahāraṃ dento viya bhattabharitaṃ pātiṃ avakujjanto viya therassa pasādabhaṅgaṃ karonto evamāha.

Evaṃ vutte bhagavāti evaṃ udāyittherena vutte bhagavā yathā nāma papātataṭe ṭhatvā pavedhamānaṃ purisaṃ ekamante ṭhito hitesī puriso ‘‘ito ehi ito ehī’’ti punappunaṃ vadeyya, evamevaṃ udāyittheraṃ tasmā vacanā nivārento mā hevaṃ udāyi, mā hevaṃ udāyīti āha. Tattha hīti nipātamattaṃ, mā evaṃ avacāti attho. Mahārajjanti cakkavattirajjaṃ. Nanu ca satthā ekassa sāvakassa dhammadesanāya uppannapasādassa mahānisaṃsaṃ aparicchinnaṃ akāsi, so kasmā imassa buddhasīhanādaṃ ārabbha uppannassa pasādassa ānisaṃsaṃ paricchindatīti? Ariyasāvakassa ettakaattabhāvaparimāṇattā. Dandhapaññopi hi sotāpanno sattakkhattuṃ devesu ca manussesu ca attabhāvaṃ paṭilabhati, tenassa gatiṃ paricchindanto evamāha. Diṭṭheva dhammeti imasmiṃyeva attabhāve ṭhatvā. Parinibbāyissatīti appaccayaparinibbānena parinibbāyissati. Iti nibbānena kūṭaṃ gaṇhanto imaṃ sīhanādasuttaṃ niṭṭhāpesīti.

Ānandavaggo tatiyo.