Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Majjhima Nikāya, English translation

मज्झिम निकाय १०१

Majjhima Nikāya 101

The Middle-Length Suttas Collection 101

देवदहसुत्त

Devadahasutta

At Devadaha

एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा सक्केसु विहरति देवदहं नाम सक्यानं निगमो। तत्र खो भगवा भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “भिक्खवो”ति।

Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sakkesu viharati devadahaṁ nāma sakyānaṁ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.

So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Sakyans, near the Sakyan town named Devadaha. There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhus, “Bhikkhus!”

“भदन्ते”ति ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:

“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

“सन्ति, भिक्खवे, एके समणब्राह्मणा एवंवादिनो एवंदिट्ठिनो: ‘यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीऽति। एवंवादिनो, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा।

“santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: ‘yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti. Evaṁvādino, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā.

“Bhikkhus, there are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view: ‘Everything this individual experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of past deeds. So, due to eliminating past deeds by mortification, and not doing any new deeds, there’s nothing to come up in the future. With nothing to come up in the future, deeds end. With the ending of deeds, suffering ends. With the ending of suffering, feeling ends. And with the ending of feeling, all suffering will have been worn away.’ Such is the doctrine of the Jain ascetics.

एवंवादाहं, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठे उपसङ्कमित्वा एवं वदामि: ‘सच्चं किर तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, एवंवादिनो एवंदिट्ठिनो—यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीऽति? ते च मे, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा एवं पुट्ठा ‘आमाऽति पटिजानन्ति।

Evaṁvādāhaṁ, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhe upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: ‘saccaṁ kira tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino—yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti? Te ca me, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā evaṁ puṭṭhā ‘āmā’ti paṭijānanti.

I’ve gone up to the Jain ascetics who say this and said, ‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’ They admitted that it is.

त्याहं एवं वदामि: ‘किं पन तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, जानाथ—अहुवम्हेव मयं पुब्बे, न नाहुवम्हाऽति?

Tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: ‘kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe, na nāhuvamhā’ti?

I said to them, ‘But friends, do you know for sure that you existed in the past, and it is not the case that you didn’t exist?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No we don’t, friend.’

‘किं पन तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, जानाथ—अकरम्हेव मयं पुब्बे पापकम्मं, न नाकरम्हाऽति?

‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ, na nākaramhā’ti?

‘But friends, do you know for sure that you did bad deeds in the past?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No we don’t, friend.’

‘किं पन तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, जानाथ—एवरूपं वा एवरूपं वा पापकम्मं अकरम्हाऽति?

‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhā’ti?

‘But friends, do you know that you did such and such bad deeds?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No we don’t, friend.’

‘किं पन तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, जानाथ—एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं, एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जीरेतब्बं, एत्तकम्हि वा दुक्खे निज्जिण्णे सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीऽति?

‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti?

‘But friends, do you know that so much suffering has already been worn away? Or that so much suffering still remains to be worn away? Or that when so much suffering is worn away all suffering will have been worn away?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No we don’t, friend.’

‘किं पन तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, जानाथ—दिट्ठेव धम्मे अकुसलानं धम्मानं पहानं, कुसलानं धम्मानं उपसम्पदन्ऽति?

‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadan’ti?

‘But friends, do you know about giving up unskillful qualities in the present life and embracing skillful qualities?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No we don’t, friend.’

‘इति किर तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, न जानाथ—अहुवम्हेव मयं पुब्बे, न नाहुवम्हाति, न जानाथ—अकरम्हेव मयं पुब्बे पापकम्मं, न नाकरम्हाति, न जानाथ—एवरूपं वा एवरूपं वा पापकम्मं अकरम्हाति, न जानाथ—एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं, एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जीरेतब्बं, एत्तकम्हि वा दुक्खे निज्जिण्णे सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीति, न जानाथ—दिट्ठेव धम्मे अकुसलानं धम्मानं पहानं, कुसलानं धम्मानं उपसम्पदं; एवं सन्ते आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं न कल्लमस्स वेय्याकरणाय: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ति।

‘Iti kira tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, na jānātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe, na nāhuvamhāti, na jānātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ, na nākaramhāti, na jānātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhāti, na jānātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatīti, na jānātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadaṁ; evaṁ sante āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ na kallamassa veyyākaraṇāya: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

‘So it seems that you don’t know any of these things. In that case, it’s not appropriate for the Jain venerables to declare this.

सचे पन तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, जानेय्याथ—अहुवम्हेव मयं पुब्बे, न नाहुवम्हाति, जानेय्याथ—अकरम्हेव मयं पुब्बे पापकम्मं, न नाकरम्हाति, जानेय्याथ—एवरूपं वा एवरूपं वा पापकम्मं अकरम्हाति, जानेय्याथ—एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं, एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जीरेतब्बं, एत्तकम्हि वा दुक्खे निज्जिण्णे सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीति, जानेय्याथ—दिट्ठेव धम्मे अकुसलानं धम्मानं पहानं, कुसलानं धम्मानं उपसम्पदं; एवं सन्ते आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं कल्लमस्स वेय्याकरणाय: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ति।

Sace pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jāneyyātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe, na nāhuvamhāti, jāneyyātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ, na nākaramhāti, jāneyyātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhāti, jāneyyātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatīti, jāneyyātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadaṁ; evaṁ sante āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ kallamassa veyyākaraṇāya: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

Now, supposing you did know these things. In that case, it would be appropriate for the Jain venerables to declare this.

सेय्यथापि, आवुसो निगण्ठा, पुरिसो सल्लेन विद्धो अस्स सविसेन गाळ्हूपलेपनेन; सो सल्लस्सपि वेधनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेय्य। तस्स मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता भिसक्कं सल्लकत्तं उपट्ठापेय्युं। तस्स सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो सत्थेन वणमुखं परिकन्तेय्य; सो सत्थेनपि वणमुखस्स परिकन्तनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेय्य। तस्स सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो एसनिया सल्लं एसेय्य; सो एसनियापि सल्लस्स एसनाहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेय्य। तस्स सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो सल्लं अब्बुहेय्य; सो सल्लस्सपि अब्बुहनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेय्य। तस्स सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो अगदङ्गारं वणमुखे ओदहेय्य; सो अगदङ्गारस्सपि वणमुखे ओदहनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेय्य। सो अपरेन समयेन रूळ्हेन वणेन सञ्छविना अरोगो अस्स सुखी सेरी सयंवसी येन कामङ्गमो।

Seyyathāpi, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, puriso sallena viddho assa savisena gāḷhūpalepanena; so sallassapi vedhanahetu¹ dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyeyya. Tassa mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā bhisakkaṁ sallakattaṁ upaṭṭhāpeyyuṁ. Tassa so bhisakko sallakatto satthena vaṇamukhaṁ parikanteyya; so satthenapi vaṇamukhassa parikantanahetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyeyya. Tassa so bhisakko sallakatto esaniyā sallaṁ eseyya; so esaniyāpi sallassa esanāhetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyeyya. Tassa so bhisakko sallakatto sallaṁ abbuheyya; so sallassapi abbuhanahetu² dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyeyya. Tassa so bhisakko sallakatto agadaṅgāraṁ vaṇamukhe odaheyya; so agadaṅgārassapi vaṇamukhe odahanahetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyeyya. So aparena samayena rūḷhena vaṇena sañchavinā arogo assa sukhī serī sayaṁvasī yena kāmaṅgamo.

Suppose a man was struck by an arrow thickly smeared with poison, causing painful feelings, sharp and severe. Their friends and colleagues, relatives and kin would get a field surgeon to treat them. The surgeon would cut open the wound with a scalpel, causing painful feelings, sharp and severe. They’d probe for the arrow, causing painful feelings, sharp and severe. They’d extract the arrow, causing painful feelings, sharp and severe. They’d apply cauterizing medicine to the wound, causing painful feelings, sharp and severe. After some time that wound would be healed and the skin regrown. They’d be healthy, happy, autonomous, master of themselves, able to go where they wanted.

तस्स एवमस्स: “अहं खो पुब्बे सल्लेन विद्धो अहोसिं सविसेन गाळ्हूपलेपनेन। सोहं सल्लस्सपि वेधनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियिं। तस्स मे मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता भिसक्कं सल्लकत्तं उपट्ठपेसुं। तस्स मे सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो सत्थेन वणमुखं परिकन्ति; सोहं सत्थेनपि वणमुखस्स परिकन्तनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियिं। तस्स मे सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो एसनिया सल्लं एसि; सो अहं एसनियापि सल्लस्स एसनाहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियिं। तस्स मे सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो सल्लं अब्बुहि; सोहं सल्लस्सपि अब्बुहनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियिं। तस्स मे सो भिसक्को सल्लकत्तो अगदङ्गारं वणमुखे ओदहि; सोहं अगदङ्गारस्सपि वणमुखे ओदहनहेतु दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियिं। सोम्हि एतरहि रूळ्हेन वणेन सञ्छविना अरोगो सुखी सेरी सयंवसी येन कामङ्गमो”ति।

Tassa evamassa: “ahaṁ kho pubbe sallena viddho ahosiṁ savisena gāḷhūpalepanena. Sohaṁ sallassapi vedhanahetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyiṁ. Tassa me mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā bhisakkaṁ sallakattaṁ upaṭṭhapesuṁ. Tassa me so bhisakko sallakatto satthena vaṇamukhaṁ parikanti; sohaṁ satthenapi vaṇamukhassa parikantanahetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyiṁ. Tassa me so bhisakko sallakatto esaniyā sallaṁ esi; so ahaṁ esaniyāpi sallassa esanāhetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyiṁ. Tassa me so bhisakko sallakatto sallaṁ abbuhi; sohaṁ sallassapi abbuhanahetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyiṁ. Tassa me so bhisakko sallakatto agadaṅgāraṁ vaṇamukhe odahi; sohaṁ agadaṅgārassapi vaṇamukhe odahanahetu dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyiṁ. Somhi etarahi rūḷhena vaṇena sañchavinā arogo sukhī serī sayaṁvasī yena kāmaṅgamo”ti.

They’d think, “Earlier I was struck by an arrow thickly smeared with poison, causing painful feelings, sharp and severe. My friends and colleagues, relatives and kin got a field surgeon to treat me. At each step, the treatment was painful. But these days that wound is healed and the skin regrown. I’m healthy, happy, autonomous, my own master, able to go where I want.”

एवमेव खो, आवुसो निगण्ठा, सचे तुम्हे जानेय्याथ—अहुवम्हेव मयं पुब्बे, न नाहुवम्हाति, जानेय्याथ—अकरम्हेव मयं पुब्बे पापकम्मं, न नाकरम्हाति, जानेय्याथ—एवरूपं वा एवरूपं वा पापकम्मं अकरम्हाति, जानेय्याथ—एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं, एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जीरेतब्बं, एत्तकम्हि वा दुक्खे निज्जिण्णे सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीति, जानेय्याथ—दिट्ठेव धम्मे अकुसलानं धम्मानं पहानं, कुसलानं धम्मानं उपसम्पदं; एवं सन्ते आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं कल्लमस्स वेय्याकरणाय: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ति।

Evameva kho, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, sace tumhe jāneyyātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe, na nāhuvamhāti, jāneyyātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ, na nākaramhāti, jāneyyātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhāti, jāneyyātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatīti, jāneyyātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadaṁ; evaṁ sante āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ kallamassa veyyākaraṇāya: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

In the same way, friends, if you knew about these things, it would be appropriate for the Jain venerables to declare this.

यस्मा च खो तुम्हे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, न जानाथ—अहुवम्हेव मयं पुब्बे, न नाहुवम्हाति, न जानाथ—अकरम्हेव मयं पुब्बे पापकम्मं, न नाकरम्हाति, न जानाथ—एवरूपं वा एवरूपं वा पापकम्मं अकरम्हाति, न जानाथ—एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं, एत्तकं वा दुक्खं निज्जीरेतब्बं, एत्तकम्हि वा दुक्खे निज्जिण्णे सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सतीति, न जानाथ—दिट्ठेव धम्मे अकुसलानं धम्मानं पहानं, कुसलानं धम्मानं उपसम्पदं; तस्मा आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं न कल्लमस्स वेय्याकरणाय: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ऽति।

Yasmā ca kho tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, na jānātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe, na nāhuvamhāti, na jānātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ, na nākaramhāti, na jānātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhāti, na jānātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatīti, na jānātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadaṁ; tasmā āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ na kallamassa veyyākaraṇāya: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”’ti.

But since you don’t know any of these things, it’s not appropriate for the Jain venerables to declare this.’

एवं वुत्ते, भिक्खवे, ते निगण्ठा मं एतदवोचुं: ‘निगण्ठो, आवुसो, नाटपुत्तो सब्बञ्ञू सब्बदस्सावी, अपरिसेसं ञाणदस्सनं पटिजानाति। “चरतो च मे तिट्ठतो च सुत्तस्स च जागरस्स च सततं समितं ञाणदस्सनं पच्चुपट्ठितन्”ति।

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, te nigaṇṭhā maṁ etadavocuṁ: ‘nigaṇṭho, āvuso, nāṭaputto³ sabbaññū sabbadassāvī, aparisesaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ paṭijānāti. “Carato ca me tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṁ samitaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ paccupaṭṭhitan”ti.

When I said this, those Jain ascetics said to me, ‘Friend, the Jain ascetic of the Ñātika clan claims to be all-knowing and all-seeing, to know and see everything without exception, thus: “Knowledge and vision are constantly and continually present to me, while walking, standing, sleeping, and waking.”

सो एवमाह: “अत्थि खो वो, आवुसो निगण्ठा, पुब्बेव पापकम्मं कतं, तं इमाय कटुकाय दुक्करकारिकाय निज्जीरेथ, यं पनेत्थ एतरहि कायेन संवुता वाचाय संवुता मनसा संवुता तं आयतिं पापकम्मस्स अकरणं। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ति। तञ्च पनम्हाकं रुच्चति चेव खमति च, तेन चम्हा अत्तमनाऽति।

So evamāha: “atthi kho vo, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, pubbeva pāpakammaṁ kataṁ, taṁ imāya kaṭukāya dukkarakārikāya nijjīretha, yaṁ panettha etarahi kāyena saṁvutā vācāya saṁvutā manasā saṁvutā taṁ āyatiṁ pāpakammassa akaraṇaṁ. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti. Tañca panamhākaṁ ruccati ceva khamati ca, tena camhā attamanā’ti.

He says: “O friend Jain ascetics, you have done bad deeds in a past life. Wear them away with these severe and grueling austerities. And when you refrain from such deeds in the present by way of body, speech, and mind, you’re not doing any bad deeds for the future. So, due to eliminating past deeds by mortification, and not doing any new deeds, there’s nothing to come up in the future. With nothing to come up in the future, deeds end. With the ending of deeds, suffering ends. With the ending of suffering, feeling ends. And with the ending of feeling, all suffering will have been worn away.” We like and accept this, and we are satisfied with it.’

एवं वुत्ते, अहं, भिक्खवे, ते निगण्ठे एतदवोचं: ‘पञ्च खो इमे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, धम्मा दिट्ठेव धम्मे द्विधाविपाका। कतमे पञ्च? सद्धा, रुचि, अनुस्सवो, आकारपरिवितक्को, दिट्ठिनिज्झानक्खन्ति—इमे खो, आवुसो निगण्ठा, पञ्च धम्मा दिट्ठेव धम्मे द्विधाविपाका। तत्रायस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं का अतीतंसे सत्थरि सद्धा, का रुचि, को अनुस्सवो, को आकारपरिवितक्को, का दिट्ठिनिज्झानक्खन्तीऽति। एवंवादी खो अहं, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठेसु न कञ्चि सहधम्मिकं वादपटिहारं समनुपस्सामि।

Evaṁ vutte, ahaṁ, bhikkhave, te nigaṇṭhe etadavocaṁ: ‘pañca kho ime, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, dhammā diṭṭheva dhamme dvidhāvipākā. Katame pañca? Saddhā, ruci, anussavo, ākāraparivitakko, diṭṭhinijjhānakkhanti—ime kho, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, pañca dhammā diṭṭheva dhamme dvidhāvipākā. Tatrāyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ kā atītaṁse satthari saddhā, kā ruci, ko anussavo, ko ākāraparivitakko, kā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantī’ti. Evaṁvādī⁴ kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhesu na kañci⁵ sahadhammikaṁ vādapaṭihāraṁ samanupassāmi.

When they said this, I said to them, ‘These five things can be seen to turn out in two different ways. What five? Faith, preference, oral tradition, reasoned contemplation, and acceptance of a view after consideration. These are the five things that can be seen to turn out in two different ways. In this case, what faith in your teacher do you have when it comes to the past? What preference, oral tradition, reasoned contemplation, or acceptance of a view after consideration?’ When I said this, I did not see any legitimate defense of their doctrine from the Jains.

पुन चपराहं, भिक्खवे, ते निगण्ठे एवं वदामि: ‘तं किं मञ्ञथ, आवुसो निगण्ठा। यस्मिं वो समये तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति तिब्बं पधानं, तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ; यस्मिं पन वो समये न तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति न तिब्बं पधानं, न तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथाऽति?

Puna caparāhaṁ, bhikkhave, te nigaṇṭhe evaṁ vadāmi: ‘taṁ kiṁ maññatha, āvuso nigaṇṭhā. Yasmiṁ vo samaye tibbo⁶ upakkamo hoti tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha; yasmiṁ pana vo samaye na tibbo upakkamo hoti na tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, na tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyethā’ti?

Furthermore, I said to those Jain ascetics, ‘What do you think, friends? At a time of intense exertion and striving do you suffer painful, sharp, severe, acute feelings due to overexertion? Whereas at a time without intense exertion and striving do you not suffer painful, sharp, severe, acute feelings due to overexertion?’

‘यस्मिं नो, आवुसो गोतम, समये तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति तिब्बं पधानं, तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियाम; यस्मिं पन नो समये न तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति न तिब्बं पधानं, न तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियामाऽति।

‘Yasmiṁ no, āvuso gotama, samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyāma; yasmiṁ pana no samaye na tibbo upakkamo hoti na tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, na tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyāmā’ti.

‘Friend Gotama, at a time of intense exertion we suffer painful, sharp feelings due to overexertion, not without intense exertion.’

‘इति किर, आवुसो निगण्ठा, यस्मिं वो समये तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति तिब्बं पधानं, तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ; यस्मिं पन वो समये न तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति न तिब्बं पधानं, न तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ। एवं सन्ते आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं न कल्लमस्स वेय्याकरणाय: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ति।

‘Iti kira, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, yasmiṁ vo samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha; yasmiṁ pana vo samaye na tibbo upakkamo hoti na tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, na tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha. Evaṁ sante āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ na kallamassa veyyākaraṇāya: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

‘So it seems that only at a time of intense exertion do you suffer painful, sharp feelings due to overexertion, not without intense exertion. In that case, it’s not appropriate for the Jain venerables to declare: “Everything this individual experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of past deeds. …”

सचे, आवुसो निगण्ठा, यस्मिं वो समये तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति तिब्बं पधानं, न तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ; यस्मिं पन वो समये न तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति न तिब्बं पधानं, तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ; एवं सन्ते आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं कल्लमस्स वेय्याकरणाय: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ति।

Sace, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, yasmiṁ vo samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, na tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha; yasmiṁ pana vo samaye na tibbo upakkamo hoti na tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha; evaṁ sante āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ kallamassa veyyākaraṇāya: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

If at a time of intense exertion you did not suffer painful, sharp feelings due to overexertion, and if without intense exertion you did experience such feelings, it would be appropriate for the Jain venerables to declare this.

यस्मा च खो, आवुसो निगण्ठा, यस्मिं वो समये तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति तिब्बं पधानं, तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ; यस्मिं पन वो समये न तिब्बो उपक्कमो होति न तिब्बं पधानं, न तिब्बा तस्मिं समये ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियेथ; ते तुम्हे सामंयेव ओपक्कमिका दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदयमाना अविज्जा अञ्ञाणा सम्मोहा विपच्चेथ: “यं किञ्चायं पुरिसपुग्गलो पटिसंवेदेति सुखं वा दुक्खं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वा, सब्बं तं पुब्बेकतहेतु। इति पुराणानं कम्मानं तपसा ब्यन्तीभावा, नवानं कम्मानं अकरणा, आयतिं अनवस्सवो; आयतिं अनवस्सवा कम्मक्खयो; कम्मक्खया दुक्खक्खयो; दुक्खक्खया वेदनाक्खयो; वेदनाक्खया सब्बं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं भविस्सती”ऽति। एवंवादीपि खो अहं, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठेसु न कञ्चि सहधम्मिकं वादपटिहारं समनुपस्सामि।

Yasmā ca kho, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, yasmiṁ vo samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha; yasmiṁ pana vo samaye na tibbo upakkamo hoti na tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, na tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha; te tumhe sāmaṁyeva opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vedayamānā avijjā aññāṇā sammohā vipaccetha: “yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā, sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetu. Iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantībhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo; kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo; dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo; vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”’ti. Evaṁvādīpi⁷ kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhesu na kañci sahadhammikaṁ vādapaṭihāraṁ samanupassāmi.

But since this is not the case, aren’t you experiencing painful, sharp feelings due only to your own exertion, which out of ignorance, unknowing, and confusion you misconstrue to imply: “Everything this individual experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of past deeds. …”?’ When I said this, I did not see any legitimate defense of their doctrine from the Jains.

पुन चपराहं, भिक्खवे, ते निगण्ठे एवं वदामि: ‘तं किं मञ्ञथावुसो निगण्ठा, यमिदं कम्मं दिट्ठधम्मवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा सम्परायवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

Puna caparāhaṁ, bhikkhave, te nigaṇṭhe evaṁ vadāmi: ‘taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, yamidaṁ kammaṁ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā samparāyavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

Furthermore, I said to those Jain ascetics, ‘What do you think, friends? If a deed is to be experienced in this life, can exertion make it be experienced in lives to come?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘यं पनिदं कम्मं सम्परायवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा दिट्ठधम्मवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Yaṁ panidaṁ kammaṁ samparāyavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘But if a deed is to be experienced in lives to come, can exertion make it be experienced in this life?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘तं किं मञ्ञथावुसो निगण्ठा, यमिदं कम्मं सुखवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा दुक्खवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, yamidaṁ kammaṁ sukhavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā dukkhavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘What do you think, friends? If a deed is to be experienced as pleasure, can exertion make it be experienced as pain?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘यं पनिदं कम्मं दुक्खवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा सुखवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Yaṁ panidaṁ kammaṁ dukkhavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā sukhavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘But if a deed is to be experienced as pain, can exertion make it be experienced as pleasure?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘तं किं मञ्ञथावुसो निगण्ठा, यमिदं कम्मं परिपक्कवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा अपरिपक्कवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, yamidaṁ kammaṁ paripakkavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā aparipakkavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘What do you think, friends? If a deed is to be experienced when fully ripened, can exertion make it be experienced when not fully ripened?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘यं पनिदं कम्मं अपरिपक्कवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा परिपक्कवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Yaṁ panidaṁ kammaṁ aparipakkavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā paripakkavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘But if a deed is to be experienced when not fully ripened, can exertion make it be experienced when fully ripened?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘तं किं मञ्ञथावुसो निगण्ठा, यमिदं कम्मं बहुवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा अप्पवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, yamidaṁ kammaṁ bahuvedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā appavedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘What do you think, friends? If a deed is to be experienced strongly, can exertion make it be experienced weakly?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘यं पनिदं कम्मं अप्पवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा बहुवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Yaṁ panidaṁ kammaṁ appavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā bahuvedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘But if a deed is to be experienced weakly, can exertion make it be experienced strongly?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘तं किं मञ्ञथावुसो निगण्ठा, यमिदं कम्मं सवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा अवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, yamidaṁ kammaṁ savedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā avedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘What do you think, friends? If a deed is to be experienced, can exertion make it not be experienced?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘यं पनिदं कम्मं अवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा सवेदनीयं होतूति लब्भमेतन्ऽति?

‘Yaṁ panidaṁ kammaṁ avedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā savedanīyaṁ hotūti labbhametan’ti?

‘But if a deed is not to be experienced, can exertion make it be experienced?’

‘नो हिदं, आवुसोऽ।

‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.

‘No, friend.’

‘इति किर, आवुसो निगण्ठा, यमिदं कम्मं दिट्ठधम्मवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा सम्परायवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यं पनिदं कम्मं सम्परायवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा दिट्ठधम्मवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं सुखवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा दुक्खवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं दुक्खवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा सुखवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं परिपक्कवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा अपरिपक्कवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं अपरिपक्कवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा परिपक्कवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं बहुवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा अप्पवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं अप्पवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा बहुवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं सवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा अवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं, यमिदं कम्मं अवेदनीयं तं उपक्कमेन वा पधानेन वा सवेदनीयं होतूति अलब्भमेतं; एवं सन्ते आयस्मन्तानं निगण्ठानं अफलो उपक्कमो होति, अफलं पधानंऽ।

‘Iti kira, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, yamidaṁ kammaṁ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā samparāyavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yaṁ panidaṁ kammaṁ samparāyavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ sukhavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā dukkhavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ dukkhavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā sukhavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ paripakkavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā aparipakkavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ aparipakkavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā paripakkavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ bahuvedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā appavedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ appavedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā bahuvedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ savedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā avedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ, yamidaṁ kammaṁ avedanīyaṁ taṁ upakkamena vā padhānena vā savedanīyaṁ hotūti alabbhametaṁ; evaṁ sante āyasmantānaṁ nigaṇṭhānaṁ aphalo upakkamo hoti, aphalaṁ padhānaṁ’.

‘So it seems that exertion cannot change the way deeds are experienced in any of these ways. This being so, your exertion and striving are fruitless.’

एवंवादी, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा। एवंवादीनं, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठानं दस सहधम्मिका वादानुवादा गारय्हं ठानं आगच्छन्ति।

Evaṁvādī, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā. Evaṁvādīnaṁ, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhānaṁ dasa sahadhammikā vādānuvādā gārayhaṁ ṭhānaṁ āgacchanti.

Such is the doctrine of the Jain ascetics. Saying this, the Jain ascetics deserve rebuke and criticism on ten legitimate grounds.

सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता पुब्बेकतहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा पुब्बे दुक्कटकम्मकारिनो यं एतरहि एवरूपा दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियन्ति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता इस्सरनिम्मानहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा पापकेन इस्सरेन निम्मिता यं एतरहि एवरूपा दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियन्ति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता सङ्गतिभावहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा पापसङ्गतिका यं एतरहि एवरूपा दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियन्ति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता अभिजातिहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा पापाभिजातिका यं एतरहि एवरूपा दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियन्ति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा एवरूपा दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमा यं एतरहि एवरूपा दुक्खा तिब्बा कटुका वेदना वेदियन्ति।

Sace, bhikkhave, sattā pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā pubbe dukkaṭakammakārino yaṁ etarahi evarūpā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyanti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā issaranimmānahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā pāpakena issarena nimmitā yaṁ etarahi evarūpā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyanti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā saṅgatibhāvahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā pāpasaṅgatikā yaṁ etarahi evarūpā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyanti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā abhijātihetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā pāpābhijātikā yaṁ etarahi evarūpā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyanti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā evarūpā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamā yaṁ etarahi evarūpā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyanti.

If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of past deeds, clearly the Jains have done bad deeds in the past, since they now experience such intense pain. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of God Almighty’s creation, clearly the Jains were created by a bad God, since they now experience such intense pain. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of circumstance and nature, clearly the Jains arise from bad circumstances, since they now experience such intense pain. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of the class of rebirth, clearly the Jains have been reborn in a bad class, since they now experience such intense pain. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of exertion in the present, clearly the Jains exert themselves badly in the present, since they now experience such intense pain.

सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता पुब्बेकतहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा; नो चे सत्ता पुब्बेकतहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता इस्सरनिम्मानहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा; नो चे सत्ता इस्सरनिम्मानहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता सङ्गतिभावहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा; नो चे सत्ता सङ्गतिभावहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता अभिजातिहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा; नो चे सत्ता अभिजातिहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा; नो चे सत्ता दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, गारय्हा निगण्ठा। एवंवादी, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठा। एवंवादीनं, भिक्खवे, निगण्ठानं इमे दस सहधम्मिका वादानुवादा गारय्हं ठानं आगच्छन्ति। एवं खो, भिक्खवे, अफलो उपक्कमो होति, अफलं पधानं।

Sace, bhikkhave, sattā pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā; no ce sattā pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā issaranimmānahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā; no ce sattā issaranimmānahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā saṅgatibhāvahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā; no ce sattā saṅgatibhāvahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā abhijātihetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā; no ce sattā abhijātihetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā; no ce sattā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, gārayhā nigaṇṭhā. Evaṁvādī, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā. Evaṁvādīnaṁ, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhānaṁ ime dasa sahadhammikā vādānuvādā gārayhaṁ ṭhānaṁ āgacchanti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, aphalo upakkamo hoti, aphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

The Jains deserve criticism whether or not sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of past deeds, or God Almighty’s creation, or circumstance and nature, or class of rebirth, or exertion in the present. Such is the doctrine of the Jain ascetics. The Jain ascetics who say this deserve rebuke and criticism on these ten legitimate grounds. That’s how exertion and striving is fruitless.

कथञ्च, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु न हेव अनद्धभूतं अत्तानं दुक्खेन अद्धभावेति, धम्मिकञ्च सुखं न परिच्चजति, तस्मिञ्च सुखे अनधिमुच्छितो होति। सो एवं पजानाति: ‘इमस्स खो मे दुक्खनिदानस्स सङ्खारं पदहतो सङ्खारप्पधाना विरागो होति, इमस्स पन मे दुक्खनिदानस्स अज्झुपेक्खतो उपेक्खं भावयतो विरागो होतीऽति। सो यस्स हि ख्वास्स दुक्खनिदानस्स सङ्खारं पदहतो सङ्खारप्पधाना विरागो होति, सङ्खारं तत्थ पदहति। यस्स पनस्स दुक्खनिदानस्स अज्झुपेक्खतो उपेक्खं भावयतो विरागो होति, उपेक्खं तत्थ भावेति। तस्स तस्स दुक्खनिदानस्स सङ्खारं पदहतो सङ्खारप्पधाना विरागो होति—एवम्पिस्स तं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं होति। तस्स तस्स दुक्खनिदानस्स अज्झुपेक्खतो उपेक्खं भावयतो विरागो होति—एवम्पिस्स तं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं होति।

Kathañca, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva anaddhabhūtaṁ attānaṁ dukkhena addhabhāveti, dhammikañca sukhaṁ na pariccajati, tasmiñca sukhe anadhimucchito hoti. So evaṁ pajānāti: ‘imassa kho me dukkhanidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhārappadhānā virāgo hoti, imassa pana me dukkhanidānassa ajjhupekkhato upekkhaṁ bhāvayato virāgo hotī’ti. So yassa hi khvāssa⁸ dukkhanidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhārappadhānā virāgo hoti, saṅkhāraṁ tattha padahati. Yassa panassa dukkhanidānassa ajjhupekkhato upekkhaṁ bhāvayato virāgo hoti, upekkhaṁ tattha bhāveti. Tassa tassa dukkhanidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhārappadhānā virāgo hoti—evampissa taṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ hoti. Tassa tassa dukkhanidānassa ajjhupekkhato upekkhaṁ bhāvayato virāgo hoti—evampissa taṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ hoti.

And how is exertion and striving fruitful? It’s when a bhikkhu doesn’t bring suffering upon themselves; and they don’t give up legitimate pleasure, but they’re not besotted with that pleasure. They understand: ‘When I actively strive I become dispassionate towards this source of suffering. But when I develop equanimity I become dispassionate towards this other source of suffering.’ So they either actively strive or develop equanimity as appropriate. Through active striving they become dispassionate towards that specific source of suffering, and so that suffering is worn away. Through developing equanimity they become dispassionate towards that other source of suffering, and so that suffering is worn away.

सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, पुरिसो इत्थिया सारत्तो पटिबद्धचित्तो तिब्बच्छन्दो तिब्बापेक्खो। सो तं इत्थिं पस्सेय्य अञ्ञेन पुरिसेन सद्धिं सन्तिट्ठन्तिं सल्लपन्तिं सञ्जग्घन्तिं संहसन्तिं।

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso itthiyā sāratto paṭibaddhacitto tibbacchando tibbāpekkho. So taṁ itthiṁ passeyya aññena purisena saddhiṁ santiṭṭhantiṁ sallapantiṁ sañjagghantiṁ saṁhasantiṁ.

Suppose a man is in love with a woman, full of intense desire and lust. Then he sees her standing together with another man, chatting, giggling, and laughing.

तं किं मञ्ञथ, भिक्खवे, अपि नु तस्स पुरिसस्स अमुं इत्थिं दिस्वा अञ्ञेन पुरिसेन सद्धिं सन्तिट्ठन्तिं सल्लपन्तिं सञ्जग्घन्तिं संहसन्तिं उप्पज्जेय्युं सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सूपायासा”ति?

Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu tassa purisassa amuṁ itthiṁ disvā aññena purisena saddhiṁ santiṭṭhantiṁ sallapantiṁ sañjagghantiṁ saṁhasantiṁ uppajjeyyuṁ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassūpāyāsā”ti?

What do you think, bhikkhus? Would that give rise to sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress for him?”

“एवं, भन्ते”। “तं किस्स हेतु”? “अमु हि, भन्ते, पुरिसो अमुस्सा इत्थिया सारत्तो पटिबद्धचित्तो तिब्बच्छन्दो तिब्बापेक्खो। तस्मा तं इत्थिं दिस्वा अञ्ञेन पुरिसेन सद्धिं सन्तिट्ठन्तिं सल्लपन्तिं सञ्जग्घन्तिं संहसन्तिं उप्पज्जेय्युं सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सूपायासा”ति।

“Evaṁ, bhante”. “Taṁ kissa hetu”? “Amu hi, bhante, puriso amussā itthiyā sāratto paṭibaddhacitto tibbacchando tibbāpekkho. Tasmā taṁ itthiṁ disvā aññena purisena saddhiṁ santiṭṭhantiṁ sallapantiṁ sañjagghantiṁ saṁhasantiṁ uppajjeyyuṁ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassūpāyāsā”ti.

“Yes, sir. Why is that? Because that man is in love that woman, full of intense desire and lust.”

“अथ खो, भिक्खवे, तस्स पुरिसस्स एवमस्स: ‘अहं खो अमुस्सा इत्थिया सारत्तो पटिबद्धचित्तो तिब्बच्छन्दो तिब्बापेक्खो। तस्स मे अमुं इत्थिं दिस्वा अञ्ञेन पुरिसेन सद्धिं सन्तिट्ठन्तिं सल्लपन्तिं सञ्जग्घन्तिं संहसन्तिं उप्पज्जन्ति सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सूपायासा। यन्नूनाहं यो मे अमुस्सा इत्थिया छन्दरागो तं पजहेय्यन्ऽति। सो यो अमुस्सा इत्थिया छन्दरागो तं पजहेय्य। सो तं इत्थिं पस्सेय्य अपरेन समयेन अञ्ञेन पुरिसेन सद्धिं सन्तिट्ठन्तिं सल्लपन्तिं सञ्जग्घन्तिं संहसन्तिं।

“Atha kho, bhikkhave, tassa purisassa evamassa: ‘ahaṁ kho amussā itthiyā sāratto paṭibaddhacitto tibbacchando tibbāpekkho. Tassa me amuṁ itthiṁ disvā aññena purisena saddhiṁ santiṭṭhantiṁ sallapantiṁ sañjagghantiṁ saṁhasantiṁ uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassūpāyāsā. Yannūnāhaṁ yo me amussā itthiyā chandarāgo taṁ pajaheyyan’ti. So yo amussā itthiyā chandarāgo taṁ pajaheyya. So taṁ itthiṁ passeyya aparena samayena aññena purisena saddhiṁ santiṭṭhantiṁ sallapantiṁ sañjagghantiṁ saṁhasantiṁ.

“Then that man might think: ‘I’m in love with that woman, full of intense desire and lust. When I saw her standing together with another man, chatting, giggling, and laughing, it gave rise to sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress for me. Why don’t I give up that desire and lust for that woman?’ So that’s what he did. Some time later he sees her again standing together with another man, chatting, giggling, and laughing.

What do you think, bhikkhus? Would that give rise to sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress for him?”

“नो हेतं, भन्ते”। “तं किस्स हेतु”? “अमु हि, भन्ते, पुरिसो अमुस्सा इत्थिया विरागो। तस्मा तं इत्थिं दिस्वा अञ्ञेन पुरिसेन सद्धिं सन्तिट्ठन्तिं सल्लपन्तिं सञ्जग्घन्तिं संहसन्तिं न उप्पज्जेय्युं सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सूपायासा”ति।

“No hetaṁ, bhante”. “Taṁ kissa hetu”? “Amu hi, bhante, puriso amussā itthiyā virāgo. Tasmā taṁ itthiṁ disvā aññena purisena saddhiṁ santiṭṭhantiṁ sallapantiṁ sañjagghantiṁ saṁhasantiṁ na uppajjeyyuṁ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassūpāyāsā”ti.

“No, sir. Why is that? Because he no longer desires that woman.”

“एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु न हेव अनद्धभूतं अत्तानं दुक्खेन अद्धभावेति, धम्मिकञ्च सुखं न परिच्चजति, तस्मिञ्च सुखे अनधिमुच्छितो होति। सो एवं पजानाति: ‘इमस्स खो मे दुक्खनिदानस्स सङ्खारं पदहतो सङ्खारप्पधाना विरागो होति, इमस्स पन मे दुक्खनिदानस्स अज्झुपेक्खतो उपेक्खं भावयतो विरागो होतीऽति। सो यस्स हि ख्वास्स दुक्खनिदानस्स सङ्खारं पदहतो सङ्खारप्पधाना विरागो होति, सङ्खारं तत्थ पदहति; यस्स पनस्स दुक्खनिदानस्स अज्झुपेक्खतो उपेक्खं भावयतो विरागो होति, उपेक्खं तत्थ भावेति। तस्स तस्स दुक्खनिदानस्स सङ्खारं पदहतो सङ्खारप्पधाना विरागो होति—एवम्पिस्स तं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं होति। तस्स तस्स दुक्खनिदानस्स अज्झुपेक्खतो उपेक्खं भावयतो विरागो होति—एवम्पिस्स तं दुक्खं निज्जिण्णं होति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva anaddhabhūtaṁ attānaṁ dukkhena addhabhāveti, dhammikañca sukhaṁ na pariccajati, tasmiñca sukhe anadhimucchito hoti. So evaṁ pajānāti: ‘imassa kho me dukkhanidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhārappadhānā virāgo hoti, imassa pana me dukkhanidānassa ajjhupekkhato upekkhaṁ bhāvayato virāgo hotī’ti. So yassa hi khvāssa dukkhanidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhārappadhānā virāgo hoti, saṅkhāraṁ tattha padahati; yassa panassa dukkhanidānassa ajjhupekkhato upekkhaṁ bhāvayato virāgo hoti, upekkhaṁ tattha bhāveti. Tassa tassa dukkhanidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhārappadhānā virāgo hoti—evampissa taṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ hoti. Tassa tassa dukkhanidānassa ajjhupekkhato upekkhaṁ bhāvayato virāgo hoti—evampissa taṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ hoti. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

“In the same way, a bhikkhu doesn’t bring suffering upon themselves; and they don’t give up legitimate pleasure, but they’re not besotted with that pleasure. They understand: ‘When I actively strive I become dispassionate towards this source of suffering. But when I develop equanimity I become dispassionate towards this other source of suffering.’ So they either actively strive or develop equanimity as appropriate. Through active striving they become dispassionate towards that specific source of suffering, and so that suffering is worn away. Through developing equanimity they become dispassionate towards that other source of suffering, and so that suffering is worn away. That’s how exertion and striving is fruitful.

पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘यथासुखं खो मे विहरतो अकुसला धम्मा अभिवड्ढन्ति, कुसला धम्मा परिहायन्ति; दुक्खाय पन मे अत्तानं पदहतो अकुसला धम्मा परिहायन्ति, कुसला धम्मा अभिवड्ढन्ति। यन्नूनाहं दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहेय्यन्ऽति। सो दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहति। तस्स दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहतो अकुसला धम्मा परिहायन्ति कुसला धम्मा अभिवड्ढन्ति। सो न अपरेन समयेन दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहति। तं किस्स हेतु? यस्स हि सो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अत्थाय दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहेय्य स्वास्स अत्थो अभिनिप्फन्नो होति। तस्मा न अपरेन समयेन दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहति।

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘yathāsukhaṁ kho me viharato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti; dukkhāya pana me attānaṁ padahato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti. Yannūnāhaṁ dukkhāya attānaṁ padaheyyan’ti. So dukkhāya attānaṁ padahati. Tassa dukkhāya attānaṁ padahato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti. So na aparena samayena dukkhāya attānaṁ padahati. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yassa hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu atthāya dukkhāya attānaṁ padaheyya svāssa attho abhinipphanno hoti. Tasmā na aparena samayena dukkhāya attānaṁ padahati.

Furthermore, a bhikkhu reflects: ‘When I live as I please, unskillful qualities grow and skillful qualities decline. But when I strive painfully, unskillful qualities decline and skillful qualities grow. Why don’t I strive painfully?’ So that’s what they do, and as they do so unskillful qualities decline and skillful qualities grow. After some time, they no longer strive painfully. Why is that? Because they have accomplished the goal for which they strived painfully.

सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, उसुकारो तेजनं द्वीसु अलातेसु आतापेति परितापेति उजुं करोति कम्मनियं। यतो खो, भिक्खवे, उसुकारस्स तेजनं द्वीसु अलातेसु आतापितं होति परितापितं उजुं कतं कम्मनियं, न सो तं अपरेन समयेन उसुकारो तेजनं द्वीसु अलातेसु आतापेति परितापेति उजुं करोति कम्मनियं। तं किस्स हेतु? यस्स हि सो, भिक्खवे, अत्थाय उसुकारो तेजनं द्वीसु अलातेसु आतापेय्य परितापेय्य उजुं करेय्य कम्मनियं स्वास्स अत्थो अभिनिप्फन्नो होति। तस्मा न अपरेन समयेन उसुकारो तेजनं द्वीसु अलातेसु आतापेति परितापेति उजुं करोति कम्मनियं।

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, usukāro tejanaṁ dvīsu alātesu ātāpeti paritāpeti ujuṁ karoti kammaniyaṁ. Yato kho, bhikkhave, usukārassa tejanaṁ dvīsu alātesu ātāpitaṁ hoti paritāpitaṁ ujuṁ kataṁ⁹ kammaniyaṁ, na so taṁ aparena samayena usukāro tejanaṁ dvīsu alātesu ātāpeti paritāpeti ujuṁ karoti kammaniyaṁ. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yassa hi so, bhikkhave, atthāya usukāro tejanaṁ dvīsu alātesu ātāpeyya paritāpeyya ujuṁ kareyya kammaniyaṁ svāssa attho abhinipphanno hoti. Tasmā na aparena samayena usukāro tejanaṁ dvīsu alātesu ātāpeti paritāpeti ujuṁ karoti kammaniyaṁ.

Suppose an arrowsmith was heating an arrow shaft between two firebrands, making it straight and fit for use. After it’s been made straight and fit for use, they’d no longer heat it to make it straight and fit for use. Why is that? Because they have accomplished the goal for which they heated it.

एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘यथासुखं खो मे विहरतो अकुसला धम्मा अभिवड्ढन्ति, कुसला धम्मा परिहायन्ति; दुक्खाय पन मे अत्तानं पदहतो अकुसला धम्मा परिहायन्ति, कुसला धम्मा अभिवड्ढन्ति। यन्नूनाहं दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहेय्यन्ऽति। सो दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहति। तस्स दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहतो अकुसला धम्मा परिहायन्ति, कुसला धम्मा अभिवड्ढन्ति। सो न अपरेन समयेन दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहति। तं किस्स हेतु? यस्स हि सो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अत्थाय दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहेय्य स्वास्स अत्थो अभिनिप्फन्नो होति। तस्मा न अपरेन समयेन दुक्खाय अत्तानं पदहति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘yathāsukhaṁ kho me viharato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti; dukkhāya pana me attānaṁ padahato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti. Yannūnāhaṁ dukkhāya attānaṁ padaheyyan’ti. So dukkhāya attānaṁ padahati. Tassa dukkhāya attānaṁ padahato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti. So na aparena samayena dukkhāya attānaṁ padahati. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yassa hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu atthāya dukkhāya attānaṁ padaheyya svāssa attho abhinipphanno hoti. Tasmā na aparena samayena dukkhāya attānaṁ padahati. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

In the same way, a bhikkhu reflects: ‘When I live as I please, unskillful qualities grow and skillful qualities decline. But when I strive painfully, unskillful qualities decline and skillful qualities grow. Why don’t I strive painfully?’ … After some time, they no longer strive painfully. That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, इध तथागतो लोके उप्पज्जति अरहं सम्मासम्बुद्धो विज्जाचरणसम्पन्नो सुगतो लोकविदू अनुत्तरो पुरिसदम्मसारथि सत्था देवमनुस्सानं बुद्धो भगवा। सो इमं लोकं सदेवकं समारकं सब्रह्मकं सस्समणब्राह्मणिं पजं सदेवमनुस्सं सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा पवेदेति। सो धम्मं देसेति आदिकल्याणं मज्झेकल्याणं परियोसानकल्याणं सात्थं सब्यञ्जनं, केवलपरिपुण्णं परिसुद्धं ब्रह्मचरियं पकासेति।

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā. So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti.

Furthermore, a Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed. He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others. He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.

तं धम्मं सुणाति गहपति वा गहपतिपुत्तो वा अञ्ञतरस्मिं वा कुले पच्चाजातो। सो तं धम्मं सुत्वा तथागते सद्धं पटिलभति। सो तेन सद्धापटिलाभेन समन्नागतो इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘सम्बाधो घरावासो रजापथो, अब्भोकासो पब्बज्जा। नयिदं सुकरं अगारं अज्झावसता एकन्तपरिपुण्णं एकन्तपरिसुद्धं सङ्खलिखितं ब्रह्मचरियं चरितुं। यन्नूनाहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजेय्यन्ऽति। सो अपरेन समयेन अप्पं वा भोगक्खन्धं पहाय महन्तं वा भोगक्खन्धं पहाय, अप्पं वा ञातिपरिवट्टं पहाय महन्तं वा ञातिपरिवट्टं पहाय केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजति।

Taṁ dhammaṁ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṁ vā kule paccājāto. So taṁ dhammaṁ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṁ paṭilabhati. So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṁ sukaraṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṁ ekantaparisuddhaṁ saṅkhalikhitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carituṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan’ti. So aparena samayena appaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya, appaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya mahantaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati.

A householder hears that teaching, or a householder’s child, or someone reborn in a good family. They gain faith in the Realized One, and reflect: ‘Living in a house is cramped and dirty, but the life of one gone forth is wide open. It’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell. Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’ After some time they give up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

सो एवं पब्बजितो समानो भिक्खूनं सिक्खासाजीवसमापन्नो पाणातिपातं पहाय पाणातिपाता पटिविरतो होति निहितदण्डो निहितसत्थो, लज्जी दयापन्नो सब्बपाणभूतहितानुकम्पी विहरति। अदिन्नादानं पहाय अदिन्नादाना पटिविरतो होति दिन्नादायी दिन्नपाटिकङ्खी, अथेनेन सुचिभूतेन अत्तना विहरति। अब्रह्मचरियं पहाय ब्रह्मचारी होति आराचारी विरतो मेथुना गामधम्मा। मुसावादं पहाय मुसावादा पटिविरतो होति सच्चवादी सच्चसन्धो थेतो पच्चयिको अविसंवादको लोकस्स। पिसुणं वाचं पहाय पिसुणाय वाचाय पटिविरतो होति; इतो सुत्वा न अमुत्र अक्खाता इमेसं भेदाय, अमुत्र वा सुत्वा न इमेसं अक्खाता अमूसं भेदाय—इति भिन्नानं वा सन्धाता सहितानं वा अनुप्पदाता समग्गारामो समग्गरतो समग्गनन्दी समग्गकरणिं वाचं भासिता होति। फरुसं वाचं पहाय फरुसाय वाचाय पटिविरतो होति; या सा वाचा नेला कण्णसुखा पेमनीया हदयङ्गमा पोरी बहुजनकन्ता बहुजनमनापा तथारूपिं वाचं भासिता होति। सम्फप्पलापं पहाय सम्फप्पलापा पटिविरतो होति कालवादी भूतवादी अत्थवादी धम्मवादी विनयवादी, निधानवतिं वाचं भासिता कालेन सापदेसं परियन्तवतिं अत्थसंहितं। सो बीजगामभूतगामसमारम्भा पटिविरतो होति। एकभत्तिको होति रत्तूपरतो विरतो विकालभोजना। नच्चगीतवादितविसूकदस्सना पटिविरतो होति। मालागन्धविलेपनधारणमण्डनविभूसनट्ठाना पटिविरतो होति। उच्चासयनमहासयना पटिविरतो होति। जातरूपरजतपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। आमकधञ्ञपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। आमकमंसपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। इत्थिकुमारिकपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। दासिदासपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। अजेळकपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। कुक्कुटसूकरपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। हत्थिगवस्सवळवपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। खेत्तवत्थुपटिग्गहणा पटिविरतो होति। दूतेय्यपहिणगमनानुयोगा पटिविरतो होति। कयविक्कया पटिविरतो होति। तुलाकूटकंसकूटमानकूटा पटिविरतो होति। उक्कोटनवञ्चननिकतिसाचियोगा पटिविरतो होति। छेदनवधबन्धनविपरामोसआलोपसहसाकारा पटिविरतो होति।

So evaṁ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho, lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Adinnādānaṁ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharati. Abrahmacariyaṁ pahāya brahmacārī hoti ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. Musāvādaṁ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṁvādako lokassa. Pisuṇaṁ vācaṁ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti; ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṁ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṁ akkhātā amūsaṁ bhedāya—iti bhinnānaṁ vā sandhātā sahitānaṁ vā anuppadātā samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā hoti. Pharusaṁ vācaṁ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti; yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā hoti. Samphappalāpaṁ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṁ vācaṁ bhāsitā kālena sāpadesaṁ pariyantavatiṁ atthasaṁhitaṁ. So bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti. Ekabhattiko hoti rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā. Naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato hoti. Mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato hoti. Jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Āmakamaṁsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato hoti. Kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti. Tulākūṭakaṁsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti. Ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato hoti. Chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosaālopasahasākārā paṭivirato hoti.

Once they’ve gone forth, they take up the training and livelihood of the bhikkhus. They give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of compassion for all living beings. They give up stealing. They take only what’s given, and expect only what’s given. They keep themselves clean by not thieving. They give up unchastity. They are celibate, set apart, avoiding the vulgar act of sex. They give up lying. They speak the truth and stick to the truth. They’re honest and trustworthy, and don’t trick the world with their words. They give up divisive speech. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided, supporting unity, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony. They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, lovely, going to the heart, polite, likable and agreeable to the people. They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial. They avoid injuring plants and seeds. They eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time. They avoid seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music . They avoid beautifying and adorning themselves with garlands, perfumes, and makeup. They avoid high and luxurious beds. They avoid receiving gold and money, raw grains, raw meat, women and girls, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, elephants, cows, horses, and mares, and fields and land. They avoid running errands and messages; buying and selling; falsifying weights, metals, or measures; bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity; mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.

सो सन्तुट्ठो होति कायपरिहारिकेन चीवरेन, कुच्छिपरिहारिकेन पिण्डपातेन। सो येन येनेव पक्कमति समादायेव पक्कमति। सेय्यथापि नाम पक्खी सकुणो येन येनेव डेति सपत्तभारोव डेति; एवमेव भिक्खु सन्तुट्ठो होति कायपरिहारिकेन चीवरेन, कुच्छिपरिहारिकेन पिण्डपातेन; सो येन येनेव पक्कमति समादायेव पक्कमति। सो इमिना अरियेन सीलक्खन्धेन समन्नागतो अज्झत्तं अनवज्जसुखं पटिसंवेदेति।

So santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena, kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati. Seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo yena yeneva ḍeti sapattabhārova ḍeti; evameva bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena, kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena; so yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṁ anavajjasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti.

They’re content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever they go, they set out taking only these things. They’re like a bird: wherever it flies, wings are its only burden. In the same way, a bhikkhu is content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever they go, they set out taking only these things. When they have this entire spectrum of noble ethics, they experience a blameless happiness inside themselves.

सो चक्खुना रूपं दिस्वा न निमित्तग्गाही होति नानुब्यञ्जनग्गाही। यत्वाधिकरणमेनं चक्खुन्द्रियं असंवुतं विहरन्तं अभिज्झादोमनस्सा पापका अकुसला धम्मा अन्वास्सवेय्युं तस्स संवराय पटिपज्जति, रक्खति चक्खुन्द्रियं, चक्खुन्द्रिये संवरं आपज्जति। सोतेन सद्दं सुत्वा …पे… घानेन गन्धं घायित्वा …पे… जिव्हाय रसं सायित्वा …पे… कायेन फोट्ठब्बं फुसित्वा …पे… मनसा धम्मं विञ्ञाय न निमित्तग्गाही होति नानुब्यञ्जनग्गाही। यत्वाधिकरणमेनं मनिन्द्रियं असंवुतं विहरन्तं अभिज्झादोमनस्सा पापका अकुसला धम्मा अन्वास्सवेय्युं तस्स संवराय पटिपज्जति, रक्खति मनिन्द्रियं, मनिन्द्रिये संवरं आपज्जति। सो इमिना अरियेन इन्द्रियसंवरेन समन्नागतो अज्झत्तं अब्यासेकसुखं पटिसंवेदेति।

So cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …pe… ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …pe… jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …pe… manasā dhammaṁ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. So iminā ariyena indriyasaṁvarena samannāgato ajjhattaṁ abyāsekasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti.

When they see a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details. If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint. When they hear a sound with their ears … When they smell an odor with their nose … When they taste a flavor with their tongue … When they feel a touch with their body … When they know a thought with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details. If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint. When they have this noble sense restraint, they experience an unsullied bliss inside themselves.

सो अभिक्कन्ते पटिक्कन्ते सम्पजानकारी होति, आलोकिते विलोकिते सम्पजानकारी होति, समिञ्जिते पसारिते सम्पजानकारी होति, सङ्घाटिपत्तचीवरधारणे सम्पजानकारी होति, असिते पीते खायिते सायिते सम्पजानकारी होति, उच्चारपस्सावकम्मे सम्पजानकारी होति, गते ठिते निसिन्ने सुत्ते जागरिते भासिते तुण्हीभावे सम्पजानकारी होति।

So abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite¹⁰ pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

They act with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.

सो इमिना च अरियेन सीलक्खन्धेन समन्नागतो, इमाय च अरियाय सन्तुट्ठिया समन्नागतो, इमिना च अरियेन इन्द्रियसंवरेन समन्नागतो, इमिना च अरियेन सतिसम्पजञ्ञेन समन्नागतो विवित्तं सेनासनं भजति अरञ्ञं रुक्खमूलं पब्बतं कन्दरं गिरिगुहं सुसानं वनपत्थं अब्भोकासं पलालपुञ्जं। सो पच्छाभत्तं पिण्डपातपटिक्कन्तो निसीदति पल्लङ्कं आभुजित्वा, उजुं कायं पणिधाय, परिमुखं सतिं उपट्ठपेत्वा।

So iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṁvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ bhajati araññaṁ rukkhamūlaṁ pabbataṁ kandaraṁ giriguhaṁ susānaṁ vanapatthaṁ abbhokāsaṁ palālapuñjaṁ. So pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā, ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.

When they have this entire spectrum of noble ethics, this noble sense restraint, and this noble mindfulness and situational awareness, they frequent a secluded lodging—a wilderness, the root of a tree, a hill, a ravine, a mountain cave, a charnel ground, a forest, the open air, a heap of straw. After the meal, they return from almsround, sit down cross-legged, set their body straight, and establish mindfulness in front of them.

सो अभिज्झं लोके पहाय विगताभिज्झेन चेतसा विहरति, अभिज्झाय चित्तं परिसोधेति। ब्यापादपदोसं पहाय अब्यापन्नचित्तो विहरति सब्बपाणभूतहितानुकम्पी, ब्यापादपदोसा चित्तं परिसोधेति। थिनमिद्धं पहाय विगतथिनमिद्धो विहरति आलोकसञ्ञी सतो सम्पजानो, थिनमिद्धा चित्तं परिसोधेति। उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चं पहाय अनुद्धतो विहरति अज्झत्तं वूपसन्तचित्तो, उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चा चित्तं परिसोधेति। विचिकिच्छं पहाय तिण्णविचिकिच्छो विहरति अकथङ्कथी कुसलेसु धम्मेसु, विचिकिच्छाय चित्तं परिसोधेति।

So abhijjhaṁ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṁ parisodheti. Byāpādapadosaṁ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī, byāpādapadosā cittaṁ parisodheti. Thinamiddhaṁ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thinamiddhā cittaṁ parisodheti. Uddhaccakukkuccaṁ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṁ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṁ parisodheti. Vicikicchaṁ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṁ parisodheti.

Giving up covetousness for the world, they meditate with a heart rid of covetousness, cleansing the mind of covetousness. Giving up ill will and malevolence, they meditate with a mind rid of ill will, full of compassion for all living beings, cleansing the mind of ill will. Giving up dullness and drowsiness, they meditate with a mind rid of dullness and drowsiness, perceiving light, mindful and aware, cleansing the mind of dullness and drowsiness. Giving up restlessness and remorse, they meditate without restlessness, their mind peaceful inside, cleansing the mind of restlessness and remorse. Giving up doubt, they meditate having gone beyond doubt, not undecided about skillful qualities, cleansing the mind of doubt.

सो इमे पञ्च नीवरणे पहाय चेतसो उपक्किलेसे पञ्ञाय दुब्बलीकरणे विविच्चेव कामेहि विविच्च अकुसलेहि धम्मेहि सवितक्कं सविचारं विवेकजं पीतिसुखं पठमं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

They give up these five hindrances, corruptions of the heart that weaken wisdom. Then, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, they enter and remain in the first jhāna, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु वितक्कविचारानं वूपसमा अज्झत्तं सम्पसादनं चेतसो एकोदिभावं अवितक्कं अविचारं समाधिजं पीतिसुखं दुतियं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

Furthermore, as the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second jhāna, which has the rapture and bliss born of immersion, with internal clarity and mind at one, without placing the mind and keeping it connected. That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पीतिया च विरागा उपेक्खको च विहरति सतो च सम्पजानो, सुखञ्च कायेन पटिसंवेदेति। यं तं अरिया आचिक्खन्ति: ‘उपेक्खको सतिमा सुखविहारीऽति ततियं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṁvedeti. Yaṁ taṁ ariyā ācikkhanti: ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

Furthermore, with the fading away of rapture, a bhikkhu enters and remains in the third jhāna, where they meditate with equanimity, mindful and aware, personally experiencing the bliss of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous and mindful, one meditates in bliss.’ That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सुखस्स च पहाना दुक्खस्स च पहाना, पुब्बेव सोमनस्सदोमनस्सानं अत्थङ्गमा, अदुक्खमसुखं उपेक्खासतिपारिसुद्धिं चतुत्थं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamā, adukkhamasukhaṁ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

Furthermore, giving up pleasure and pain, and ending former happiness and sadness, they enter and remain in the fourth jhāna, without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness. That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

सो एवं समाहिते चित्ते परिसुद्धे परियोदाते अनङ्गणे विगतूपक्किलेसे मुदुभूते कम्मनिये ठिते आनेञ्जप्पत्ते पुब्बेनिवासानुस्सतिञाणाय चित्तं अभिनिन्नामेति। सो अनेकविहितं पुब्बेनिवासं अनुस्सरति, सेय्यथिदं—एकम्पि जातिं द्वेपि जातियो तिस्सोपि जातियो चतस्सोपि जातियो पञ्चपि जातियो दसपि जातियो वीसम्पि जातियो तिंसम्पि जातियो चत्तालीसम्पि जातियो पञ्ञासम्पि जातियो जातिसतम्पि जातिसहस्सम्पि जातिसतसहस्सम्पि अनेकेपि संवट्टकप्पे अनेकेपि विवट्टकप्पे अनेकेपि संवट्टविवट्टकप्पे: ‘अमुत्रासिं एवंनामो एवङ्गोत्तो एवंवण्णो एवमाहारो एवंसुखदुक्खप्पटिसंवेदी एवमायुपरियन्तो, सो ततो चुतो अमुत्र उदपादिं; तत्रापासिं एवंनामो एवङ्गोत्तो एवंवण्णो एवमाहारो एवंसुखदुक्खप्पटिसंवेदी एवमायुपरियन्तो, सो ततो चुतो इधूपपन्नोऽति। इति साकारं सौद्देसं अनेकविहितं पुब्बेनिवासं अनुस्सरति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati, seyyathidaṁ—ekampi jātiṁ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṁsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṁvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṁvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe: ‘amutrāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṁ; tatrāpāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṁ sauddesaṁ anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

When their mind has become immersed in samādhi like this—purified, bright, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable—they extend it toward recollection of past lives. They recollect many kinds of past lives, that is, one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, a hundred, a thousand, a hundred thousand rebirths; many eons of the world contracting, many eons of the world expanding, many eons of the world contracting and expanding. They remember: ‘There, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn somewhere else. There, too, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn here.’ And so they recollect their many kinds of past lives, with features and details. That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

सो एवं समाहिते चित्ते परिसुद्धे परियोदाते अनङ्गणे विगतूपक्किलेसे मुदुभूते कम्मनिये ठिते आनेञ्जप्पत्ते सत्तानं चुतूपपातञाणाय चित्तं अभिनिन्नामेति। सो दिब्बेन चक्खुना विसुद्धेन अतिक्कन्तमानुसकेन सत्ते पस्सति चवमाने उपपज्जमाने हीने पणीते सुवण्णे दुब्बण्णे, सुगते दुग्गते यथाकम्मूपगे सत्ते पजानाति: ‘इमे वत भोन्तो सत्ता कायदुच्चरितेन समन्नागता वचीदुच्चरितेन समन्नागता मनोदुच्चरितेन समन्नागता अरियानं उपवादका मिच्छादिट्ठिका मिच्छादिट्ठिकम्मसमादाना, ते कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा अपायं दुग्गतिं विनिपातं निरयं उपपन्ना। इमे वा पन भोन्तो सत्ता कायसुचरितेन समन्नागता वचीसुचरितेन समन्नागता मनोसुचरितेन समन्नागता अरियानं अनुपवादका सम्मादिट्ठिका सम्मादिट्ठिकम्मसमादाना, ते कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा सुगतिं सग्गं लोकं उपपन्नाऽति। इति दिब्बेन चक्खुना विसुद्धेन अतिक्कन्तमानुसकेन सत्ते पस्सति चवमाने उपपज्जमाने हीने पणीते सुवण्णे दुब्बण्णे, सुगते दुग्गते यथाकम्मूपगे सत्ते पजानाति। एवम्पि, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं।

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṁ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmeti. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti: ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṁ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṁ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Evampi, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ.

When their mind has become immersed in samādhi like this—purified, bright, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable—they extend it toward knowledge of the death and rebirth of sentient beings. With clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, they see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understood how sentient beings are reborn according to their deeds: ‘These dear beings did bad things by way of body, speech, and mind. They spoke ill of the noble ones; they had wrong view; and they chose to act out of that wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. These dear beings, however, did good things by way of body, speech, and mind. They never spoke ill of the noble ones; they had right view; and they chose to act out of that right view. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.’ And so, with clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, they see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understand how sentient beings are reborn according to their deeds. That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful.

सो एवं समाहिते चित्ते परिसुद्धे परियोदाते अनङ्गणे विगतूपक्किलेसे मुदुभूते कम्मनिये ठिते आनेञ्जप्पत्ते आसवानं खयञाणाय चित्तं अभिनिन्नामेति। सो ‘इदं दुक्खन्ऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खसमुदयोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदाऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति; ‘इमे आसवाऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं आसवसमुदयोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं आसवनिरोधोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं आसवनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदाऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति।

So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṁ khayañāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmeti. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti; ‘ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

When their mind has become immersed in samādhi like this—purified, bright, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable—they extend it toward knowledge of the ending of defilements. They truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. They truly understand: ‘These are defilements’ … ‘This is the origin of defilements’ … ‘This is the cessation of defilements’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of defilements’.

तस्स एवं जानतो एवं पस्सतो कामासवापि चित्तं विमुच्चति, भवासवापि चित्तं विमुच्चति, अविज्जासवापि चित्तं विमुच्चति। विमुत्तस्मिं विमुत्तमिति ञाणं होति।

Tassa evaṁ jānato evaṁ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṁ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṁ hoti.

Knowing and seeing like this, their mind is freed from the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance. When they’re freed, they know they’re freed.

‘खीणा जाति, वुसितं ब्रह्मचरियं, कतं करणीयं, नापरं इत्थत्तायाऽति पजानाति। एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, सफलो उपक्कमो होति, सफलं पधानं। एवंवादी, भिक्खवे, तथागता। एवंवादीनं, भिक्खवे, तथागतानं दस सहधम्मिका पासंसट्ठाना आगच्छन्ति।

‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphalaṁ padhānaṁ. Evaṁvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgatā. Evaṁvādīnaṁ, bhikkhave, tathāgatānaṁ dasa sahadhammikā pāsaṁsaṭṭhānā āgacchanti.

They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is no return to any state of existence.’ That too is how exertion and striving is fruitful. Such is the doctrine of the Realized One. Saying this, the Realized One deserves praise on ten legitimate grounds.

सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता पुब्बेकतहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, तथागतो पुब्बे सुकतकम्मकारी यं एतरहि एवरूपा अनासवा सुखा वेदना वेदेति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता इस्सरनिम्मानहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, तथागतो भद्दकेन इस्सरेन निम्मितो यं एतरहि एवरूपा अनासवा सुखा वेदना वेदेति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता सङ्गतिभावहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, तथागतो कल्याणसङ्गतिको यं एतरहि एवरूपा अनासवा सुखा वेदना वेदेति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता अभिजातिहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, तथागतो कल्याणाभिजातिको यं एतरहि एवरूपा अनासवा सुखा वेदना वेदेति। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति; अद्धा, भिक्खवे, तथागतो कल्याणदिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमो यं एतरहि एवरूपा अनासवा सुखा वेदना वेदेति।

Sace, bhikkhave, sattā pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, tathāgato pubbe sukatakammakārī yaṁ etarahi evarūpā anāsavā sukhā vedanā vedeti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā issaranimmānahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, tathāgato bhaddakena issarena nimmito yaṁ etarahi evarūpā anāsavā sukhā vedanā vedeti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā saṅgatibhāvahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, tathāgato kalyāṇasaṅgatiko yaṁ etarahi evarūpā anāsavā sukhā vedanā vedeti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā abhijātihetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, tathāgato kalyāṇābhijātiko yaṁ etarahi evarūpā anāsavā sukhā vedanā vedeti. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti; addhā, bhikkhave, tathāgato kalyāṇadiṭṭhadhammūpakkamo yaṁ etarahi evarūpā anāsavā sukhā vedanā vedeti.

If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of past deeds, clearly the Realized One has done good deeds in the past, since he now experiences such undefiled pleasure. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of God Almighty’s creation, clearly the Realized One was created by a good God, since he now experiences such undefiled pleasure. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of circumstance and nature, clearly the Realized One arises from good circumstances, since he now experiences such undefiled pleasure. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of the class of rebirth, clearly the Realized One was reborn in a good class, since he now experiences such undefiled pleasure. If sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of exertion in the present, clearly the Realized One exerts himself well in the present, since he now experiences such undefiled pleasure.

सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता पुब्बेकतहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो; नो चे सत्ता पुब्बेकतहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता इस्सरनिम्मानहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो; नो चे सत्ता इस्सरनिम्मानहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता सङ्गतिभावहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो; नो चे सत्ता सङ्गतिभावहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता अभिजातिहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो; नो चे सत्ता अभिजातिहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो। सचे, भिक्खवे, सत्ता दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो; नो चे सत्ता दिट्ठधम्मूपक्कमहेतु सुखदुक्खं पटिसंवेदेन्ति, पासंसो तथागतो। एवंवादी, भिक्खवे, तथागता। एवंवादीनं, भिक्खवे, तथागतानं इमे दस सहधम्मिका पासंसट्ठाना आगच्छन्ती”ति।

Sace, bhikkhave, sattā pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato; no ce sattā pubbekatahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā issaranimmānahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato; no ce sattā issaranimmānahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā saṅgatibhāvahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato; no ce sattā saṅgatibhāvahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā abhijātihetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato; no ce sattā abhijātihetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato. Sace, bhikkhave, sattā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato; no ce sattā diṭṭhadhammūpakkamahetu sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, pāsaṁso tathāgato. Evaṁvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgatā. Evaṁvādīnaṁ, bhikkhave, tathāgatānaṁ ime dasa sahadhammikā pāsaṁsaṭṭhānā āgacchantī”ti.

The Realized One deserves praise whether or not sentient beings experience pleasure and pain because of past deeds, or God Almighty’s creation, or circumstance and nature, or class of rebirth, or exertion in the present. Such is the doctrine of the Realized One. Saying this, the Realized One deserves praise on these ten legitimate grounds.”

इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमना ते भिक्खू भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दुन्ति।

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the bhikkhus approved what the Buddha said.

देवदहसुत्तं निट्ठितं पठमं।

Devadahasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.

Next: पञ्चत्तयसुत्त • Pañcattayasutta • The Five and Three

The authoritative text of the Majjhima Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]

Footnotes:

1. vedhanahetu → vedanāhetu (bj, pts1ed, mr)

2. abbuhanahetu → abbahanahetu (bj); abbhūṇhanahetu (sya-all, km); abbyahanahetu (pts1ed)

3. nāṭaputto → nātaputto (bj)

4. Evaṁvādī → evaṁvādīsu (mr)

5. kañci → kiñci (bj, cck, pts1ed, mr)

6. tibbo → tippo (pts1ed)

7. Evaṁvādīpi → evaṁvādīsupi (mr)

8. yassa hi khvāssa → yassa kho hi panassa (si); yassa hi khvassa (sya-all); yassa khvāssa (pts1ed)

9. kataṁ → ujuṁ kataṁ hoti (bj); ujukataṁ (sya-all)

10. samiñjite → sammiñjite (bj, sya-all, km)

देवदहसुत्त

Devadahasutta

At Devadaha

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