2. Doṇabrāhmaṇasuttaṃ

192. Atha kho doṇo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama – ‘na samaṇo gotamo brāhmaṇe jiṇṇe vuḍḍhe mahallake addhagate vayoanuppatte abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimantetī’ti. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, tatheva. Na hi bhavaṃ gotamo brāhmaṇe jiṇṇe vuḍḍhe mahallake addhagate vayoanuppatte abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimanteti. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, na sampannamevā’’ti. ‘‘Tvampi no, doṇa, brāhmaṇo paṭijānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Yañhi taṃ, bho gotama, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhito anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ, padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo’ti, mameva taṃ, bho gotama, sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Ahañhi, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ, padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo’’ti.

‘‘Ye kho, te doṇa, brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro mantānaṃ pavattāro, yesamidaṃ etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihitaṃ tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti sajjhāyitamanusajjhāyanti vācitamanuvācenti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhako, vāmako, vāmadevo, vessāmitto, yamadaggi ², aṅgīraso, bhāradvājo, vāseṭṭho, kassapo, bhagu; tyāssu’me pañca brāhmaṇe paññāpenti – brahmasamaṃ, devasamaṃ, mariyādaṃ, sambhinnamariyādaṃ, brāhmaṇacaṇḍālaṃyeva pañcamaṃ. Tesaṃ tvaṃ doṇa, katamo’’ti?

‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, bho gotama, pañca brāhmaṇe jānāma, atha kho mayaṃ brāhmaṇātveva jānāma. Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā ahaṃ ime pañca brāhmaṇe jāneyya’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇohi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bho’’ti kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –

‘‘Kathañca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo brahmasamo hoti? Idha, doṇa, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. So aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ ⁴ carati mante adhīyamāno. Aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ caritvā mante adhīyitvā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesati dhammeneva, no adhammena.

‘‘Tattha ca, doṇa, ko dhammo? Neva kasiyā na vaṇijjāya na gorakkhena na issatthena ⁹ na rājaporisena na sippaññatarena, kevalaṃ bhikkhācariyāya kapālaṃ anatimaññamāno. So ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ niyyādetvā ¹⁰ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ ¹¹, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena ¹² pharitvā viharati. Karuṇā…pe… muditā… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ , iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So ime cattāro brahmavihāre bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ brahmalokaṃ upapajjati. Evaṃ kho, doṇa, brāhmaṇo brahmasamo hoti.

‘‘Kathañca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo devasamo hoti? Idha, doṇa, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena . So aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ carati mante adhīyamāno. Aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ caritvā mante adhīyitvā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesati dhammeneva, no adhammena. Tattha ca, doṇa, ko dhammo? Neva kasiyā na vaṇijjāya na gorakkhena na issatthena na rājaporisena na sippaññatarena, kevalaṃ bhikkhācariyāya kapālaṃ anatimaññamāno. So ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ niyyādetvā dāraṃ pariyesati dhammeneva, no adhammena.

‘‘Tattha ca, doṇa, ko dhammo? Neva kayena na vikkayena, brāhmaṇiṃyeva udakūpassaṭṭhaṃ. So brāhmaṇiṃyeva gacchati, na khattiyiṃ na vessiṃ na suddiṃ na caṇḍāliṃ na nesādiṃ na veniṃ ¹⁵ na rathakāriṃ na pukkusiṃ gacchati, na gabbhiniṃ gacchati, na pāyamānaṃ gacchati, na anutuniṃ gacchati. Kasmā ca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na gabbhiniṃ gacchati? Sace, doṇa, brāhmaṇo gabbhiniṃ gacchati, atimīḷhajo nāma so hoti māṇavako vā māṇavikā ¹⁶ vā . Tasmā, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na gabbhiniṃ gacchati. Kasmā ca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na pāyamānaṃ gacchati? Sace, doṇa, brāhmaṇo pāyamānaṃ gacchati, asucipaṭipīḷito nāma so hoti māṇavako vā māṇavikā vā. Tasmā, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na pāyamānaṃ gacchati. Tassa sā hoti brāhmaṇī neva kāmatthā na davatthā na ratatthā, pajatthāva brāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇī hoti. So methunaṃ uppādetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno vivicceva kāmehi…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So ime cattāro jhāne bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Evaṃ kho, doṇa, brāhmaṇo devasamo hoti.

‘‘Kathañca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo mariyādo hoti? Idha, doṇa, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. So aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ carati mante adhīyamāno. Aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ caritvā mante adhīyitvā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesati dhammeneva, no adhammena . Tattha ca, doṇa, ko dhammo? Neva kasiyā na vaṇijjāya na gorakkhena na issatthena na rājaporisena na sippaññatarena, kevalaṃ bhikkhācariyāya kapālaṃ anatimaññamāno. So ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ niyyādetvā dāraṃ pariyesati dhammeneva, no adhammena.

‘‘Tattha ca, doṇa , ko dhammo? Neva kayena na vikkayena, brāhmaṇiṃyeva udakūpassaṭṭhaṃ. So brāhmaṇiṃyeva gacchati, na khattiyiṃ na vessiṃ na suddiṃ na caṇḍāliṃ na nesādiṃ na veniṃ na rathakāriṃ na pukkusiṃ gacchati, na gabbhiniṃ gacchati, na pāyamānaṃ gacchati, na anutuniṃ gacchati. Kasmā ca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na gabbhiniṃ gacchati? Sace, doṇa, brāhmaṇo gabbhiniṃ gacchati, atimīḷhajo nāma so hoti māṇavako vā māṇavikā vā. Tasmā, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na gabbhiniṃ gacchati. Kasmā ca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na pāyamānaṃ gacchati? Sace, doṇa, brāhmaṇo pāyamānaṃ gacchati, asucipaṭipīḷito nāma so hoti māṇavako vā māṇavikā vā. Tasmā, doṇa, brāhmaṇo na pāyamānaṃ gacchati. Tassa sā hoti brāhmaṇī neva kāmatthā na davatthā na ratatthā, pajatthāva brāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇī hoti. So methunaṃ uppādetvā tameva puttassādaṃ nikāmayamāno kuṭumbaṃ ajjhāvasati, na agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Yāva porāṇānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ mariyādo tattha tiṭṭhati, taṃ na vītikkamati. ‘Yāva porāṇānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ mariyādo tattha brāhmaṇo ṭhito taṃ na vītikkamatī’ti, kho, doṇa, tasmā brāhmaṇo mariyādoti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, doṇa, brāhmaṇo mariyādo hoti.

‘‘Kathañca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo sambhinnamariyādo hoti? Idha , doṇa, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena . So aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ carati mante adhīyamāno. Aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ caritvā mante adhīyitvā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesati dhammeneva, no adhammena.

‘‘Tattha ca, doṇa, ko dhammo? Neva kasiyā na vaṇijjāya na gorakkhena na issatthena na rājaporisena na sippaññatarena, kevalaṃ bhikkhācariyāya kapālaṃ anatimaññamāno. So ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ niyyādetvā dāraṃ pariyesati dhammenapi adhammenapi kayenapi vikkayenapi brāhmaṇimpi udakūpassaṭṭhaṃ. So brāhmaṇimpi gacchati khattiyimpi gacchati vessimpi gacchati suddimpi gacchati caṇḍālimpi gacchati nesādimpi gacchati venimpi gacchati rathakārimpi gacchati pukkusimpi gacchati gabbhinimpi gacchati pāyamānampi gacchati utunimpi gacchati anutunimpi gacchati. Tassa sā hoti brāhmaṇī kāmatthāpi davatthāpi ratatthāpi pajatthāpi brāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇī hoti. Yāva porāṇānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ mariyādo tattha na tiṭṭhati, taṃ vītikkamati. ‘Yāva porāṇānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ mariyādo tattha brāhmaṇo na ṭhito taṃ vītikkamatī’ti kho, doṇa, tasmā brāhmaṇo sambhinnamariyādoti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, doṇa, brāhmaṇo sambhinnamariyādo hoti.

‘‘Kathañca, doṇa, brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇacaṇḍālo hoti? Idha, doṇa, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti – mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. So aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ carati mante adhīyamāno. Aṭṭhacattālīsavassāni komārabrahmacariyaṃ caritvā mante adhīyitvā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesati dhammenapi adhammenapi kasiyāpi vaṇijjāyapi gorakkhenapi issatthenapi rājaporisenapi sippaññatarenapi, kevalampi bhikkhācariyāya, kapālaṃ anatimaññamāno.

‘‘So ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ niyyādetvā dāraṃ pariyesati dhammenapi adhammenapi kayenapi vikkayenapi brāhmaṇimpi udakūpassaṭṭhaṃ. So brāhmaṇimpi gacchati khattiyimpi gacchati vessimpi gacchati suddimpi gacchati caṇḍālimpi gacchati nesādimpi gacchati venimpi gacchati rathakārimpi gacchati pukkusimpi gacchati gabbhinimpi gacchati pāyamānampi gacchati utunimpi gacchati anutunimpi gacchati. Tassa sā hoti brāhmaṇī kāmatthāpi davatthāpi ratatthāpi pajatthāpi brāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇī hoti. So sabbakammehi jīvikaṃ ¹⁹ kappeti. Tamenaṃ brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘kasmā bhavaṃ brāhmaṇo paṭijānamāno sabbakammehi jīvikaṃ kappetī’ti? So evamāha – ‘seyyathāpi, bho, aggi sucimpi ḍahati asucimpi ḍahati, na ca tena aggi upalippati ²⁰; evamevaṃ kho, bho, sabbakammehi cepi brāhmaṇo jīvikaṃ kappeti, na ca tena brāhmaṇo upalippati’. ‘Sabbakammehi jīvikaṃ kappetī’ti kho, doṇa , tasmā brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇacaṇḍāloti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, doṇa, brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇacaṇḍālo hoti.

‘‘Ye kho te, doṇa, brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro mantānaṃ pavattāro yesamidaṃ etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samīhitaṃ tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti sajjhāyitamanusajjhāyanti vācimanuvācenti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhako, vāmako, vāmadevo, vessāmitto, yamadaggi, aṅgīraso, bhāradvājo, vāseṭṭho , kassapo, bhagu; tyāssume pañca brāhmaṇe paññāpenti – brahmasamaṃ, devasamaṃ, mariyādaṃ, sambhinnamariyādaṃ, brāhmaṇacaṇḍālaṃyeva pañcamaṃ. Tesaṃ tvaṃ, doṇa, katamo’’ti?

‘‘Evaṃ sante mayaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇacaṇḍālampi na pūrema. Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.