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ENDOTOXIN
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
A toxin that is confined inside the microorganisms and is released only when the microorganisms are broken down or die
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("endotoxin" is a kind of...):
toxin (a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species)
Antonym:
exotoxin (a toxin that is secreted by microorganisms into the surrounding medium)
Context examples:
The signal transduction cascade utilized by IL-1 receptor is similar to that of TNF, resulting in NF-kB activation, and is most similar to that of the Toll-like receptors that also participate in inflammatory signaling responses to pathogen components like endotoxin (see Toll-like receptor pathway).
(IL1R Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
Induced by lipopolysaccharide, endotoxins, and cytokines and expressed as 2 alternative isoforms in liver, retina, bone cells, and airway epithelia by human NOS2A Gene (NOS Family), calcium/calmodulin stimulated homodimeric Nitric Oxide Synthase 2A binds FAD and FMN cofactors, contains a flavodoxin-like domain, requires BH4 which may stabilize the dimer, and synthesizes reactive free radical nitric oxide messenger (from L-arginine).
(Nitric Oxide Synthase, Inducible, NCI Thesaurus)
By binding to endotoxins, J5 antiserum prevents the initiation of a cascade of events in host cells, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that eventually leads to the sepsis syndrome.
(J5 Antiserum, NCI Thesaurus)
