Library / English Dictionary

EXTRACT

 I. (noun) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

A passage selected from a larger work

Example:

he presented excerpts from William James' philosophical writings

Synonyms:

excerpt; excerption; extract; selection

Classified under:

Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents

Hypernyms ("extract" is a kind of...):

passage (a section of text; particularly a section of medium length)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "extract"):

chrestomathy (a selection of passages from different authors that is compiled as an aid in learning a language)

analecta; analects (a collection of excerpts from a literary work)

clipping; cutting; newspaper clipping; press clipping; press cutting (an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine)

cut; track (a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc)

citation; quotation; quote (a passage or expression that is quoted or cited)

Instance hyponyms:

Haftarah; Haftorah; Haphtarah; Haphtorah (a short selection from the Prophets read on every Sabbath in a Jewish synagogue following a reading from the Torah)

Derivation:

extract (take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy)

Sense 2

Meaning:

A solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

Synonyms:

extract; infusion

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Hypernyms ("extract" is a kind of...):

solution (a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "extract"):

beef tea; Bovril (an extract of beef (given to people who are ill))

black catechu; catechu (extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dyeing and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally)

pancreatin (extract from the pancreas of animals that contains pancreatic enzymes; used to treat pancreatitis and other conditions involving insufficient pancreatic secretions)

Derivation:

extract (obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action)

 II. (verb) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

Extract by the process of distillation

Example:

distill the essence of this compound

Synonyms:

distil; distill; extract

Classified under:

Verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

create; make (make or cause to be or to become)

Verb group:

distil; distill (undergo the process of distillation)

Domain category:

chemical science; chemistry (the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions)

Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "extract"):

moonshine (distill (alcohol) illegally; produce moonshine)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Derivation:

extractible (capable of being extracted)

extraction (the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means)

Sense 2

Meaning:

Calculate the root of a number

Classified under:

Verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

calculate; cipher; compute; cypher; figure; reckon; work out (make a mathematical calculation or computation)

Domain category:

math; mathematics; maths (a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Sense 3

Meaning:

Take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy

Synonyms:

excerpt; extract; take out

Classified under:

Verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

choose; pick out; select; take (pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives)

Sentence frames:

Somebody ----s something
Somebody ----s something PP

Derivation:

extract (a passage selected from a larger work)

Sense 4

Meaning:

Remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense

Example:

extract information from the telegram

Synonyms:

draw out; extract; pull; pull out; pull up; rip out; take out; tear out

Classified under:

Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

remove; take; take away; withdraw (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract)

Verb group:

draw; get out; pull; pull out; take out (bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover)

Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "extract"):

squeeze out; wring out (extract (liquid) by squeezing or pressing)

demodulate (extract information from a modulated carrier wave)

thread (remove facial hair by tying a fine string around it and pulling at the string)

Sentence frames:

Somebody ----s something
Something ----s something
Somebody ----s something PP

Derivation:

extractible (capable of being extracted)

extraction (the action of taking out something (especially using effort or force))

extractor (an instrument for extracting tight-fitting components)

Sense 5

Meaning:

Obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action

Example:

Italians express coffee rather than filter it

Synonyms:

express; extract; press out

Classified under:

Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

acquire; get (come into the possession of something concrete or abstract)

Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "extract"):

ream (squeeze the juice out (of a fruit) with a reamer)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Derivation:

extract (a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water))

extractible (capable of being extracted)

Sense 6

Meaning:

Separate (a metal) from an ore

Classified under:

Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

separate (divide into components or constituents)

Domain category:

excavation; mining (the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Derivation:

extractible (capable of being extracted)

extraction (the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means)

Sense 7

Meaning:

Deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning)

Example:

We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant

Synonyms:

draw out; educe; elicit; evoke; extract

Classified under:

Verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

construe; interpret; see (make sense of; assign a meaning to)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Sense 8

Meaning:

Get despite difficulties or obstacles

Example:

I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions

Classified under:

Verbs of buying, selling, owning

Hypernyms (to "extract" is one way to...):

obtain (come into possession of)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Credits

 Context examples: 

For several virus strains, the extract reduced the virus to almost nothing.

(Mushroom Extract Could Help Save Bees from Virus, The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin)

From this data they were able to extract the genetic sequences of HBV that infected the individuals thousands of years ago.

(Oldest genetic evidence of Hepatitis B virus found in ancient DNA from 4,500 year-old skeletons, University of Cambridge)

To obtain comprehensive geomorphic, sedimentological, biological and dating information, scientists deployed underwater sonar to map the sea floor and extracted fossil reef cores at 16 locations.

(Major study reveals Great Barrier Reef’s 30,000-year fight for survival, University of Granada)

A procedure in which drugs, vitamins, herbal extracts, or other fluids are injected into the body at an acupuncture point using a syringe and needle.

(Acupuncture point injection, NCI Dictionary)

In seconds, surgeons will know what part of the tissue to extract, how much to cut, and what not to touch so healthy tissue is not damaged.

(New Invention Detects Cancer in Seconds, VOA/Elizabeth Lee)

Batrachotoxins are potent activators of sodium channels identified in extract of frog skins.

(Batrachotoxin, NCI Thesaurus)

Extracts from human menopausal urine containing FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LH activity.

(Menotropins, NLM, Medical Subject Headings)

Any whole or part of a plant (including plant exudates), animal or microorganism that is unprocessed (raw material), or that has been processed, pulverized or extracted.

(Natural Product, NCI Thesaurus)

Upon administration, muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE) appears to inhibit PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling, eventually leading to apoptosis and a reduction in tumor cell proliferation.

(Muscadine Grape Skin Extract, NCI Thesaurus)

The natural extract of tropical rubber plants.

(Natural Rubber, NCI Thesaurus)