Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

Vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ yo kappakoṭīhipītiādimāha. Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti . Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā, mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma. Tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti. Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇena hi rāgādidosavigamato paññādiguṇapāṭavato āyuādivaḍḍhanato puññātisayabhāvādito ca hoteva yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ.

Tattha paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kattukāmo ‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipi…pe… tassā’’ti āha. Imissā pana vinayadesanāya karuṇāppadhānañāṇasamuṭṭhitatāya karuṇāppadhānameva thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Esā hi ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ ārambhānurūpathomanā. Karuṇāggahaṇena cettha aparimeyyappabhāvā sabbepi buddhaguṇā nayato saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā taṃmūlakattā sesabuddhaguṇānaṃ. Tattha yoti imassa aniyamavacanassa nāthoti iminā sambandho. Kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālanti kappakoṭigaṇanāvasenapi ‘‘ettakā kappakoṭiyo’’ti pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ kālaṃ. Api-saddena pageva vassagaṇanāyāti dasseti. Appameyyaṃ kālanti ca accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ, tena kappakoṭigaṇanāvasena paricchinditumasakkuṇeyyamapi, asaṅkhyeyyavasena pana paricchinditabbato salakkhaṃ caturasaṅkhyeyyakappakālaṃ accantameva nirantaraṃ pañcamahāpaaccāgādiatidukkarāni karonto khedaṃ kāyikaṃ parissamaṃ pattoti dasseti.

Lokahitāyāti sattalokassa hitāya. Nāthatīti nātho, veneyyānaṃ hitasukhaṃ āsīsatīti attho. Atha vā nāthati veneyyagate kilese upatāpeti, nāthati vā yācati veneyye attano hitakaraṇe yācitvāpi niyojetīti nātho, lokapaṭisaraṇo lokasāmī lokanāyakoti vuttaṃ hoti. Mahākāruṇikassāti yo karuṇāya kampitahadayattā lokahitatthaṃ atidukkarakiriyāya anekappakāraṃ tādisaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavitvā āgato, tassa mahākāruṇikassāti attho. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā, paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Dukkhitesu vā kiriyati pasāriyatīti karuṇā. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādheti, vināseti vā parassa dukkhanti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibādheti. Karuṇāya niyutto kāruṇiko, mahanto kāruṇiko mahākāruṇiko, tassa namo atthūti pāṭhaseso.

Evaṃ karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ thometvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ asambudhantiādimāha. Tattha buddhanisevitaṃ yaṃ asambudhaṃ jīvaloko bhavā bhavaṃ gacchati, tassa dhammavarassa namoti sambandho. Tattha asambudhanti asambujjhanto, yathāsabhāvaṃ appaṭivijjhanatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Hetuattho hettha antapaccayo. Yanti aniyamato sapariyattiko navalokuttaradhammo kammabhāvena niddiṭṭho. Buddhanisevitanti tasseva visesanaṃ, sammāsambuddhena, paccekabuddhasāvakabuddhehipi vā gocarāsevanabhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ, ajahitanti attho. Tattha pariyattiphalanibbānāni gocarāsevanavaseneva nisevitāni, maggo pana bhāvanāsevanavasenāpi paccavekkhaṇañāṇādivasena gocarāsevanavasenāpi nisevito. Bhavābhavanti bhavato bhavaṃ. Atha vā hīnapaṇītādivasena khuddakaṃ mahantañca bhavanti attho. Vuḍḍhatthopi hi a-kāro dissati asekkhā dhammātiādīsu (dha. sa. tikamātikā 11) viya. Atha vā bhavoti vuḍḍhi, abhavoti hāni. Bhavoti vā sassatadiṭṭhi, abhavoti ucchedadiṭṭhi . Vuttappakāro bhavo ca abhavo ca bhavābhavo, taṃ bhavābhavaṃ. Gacchatīti upagacchati. Jīvalokoti sattaloko. Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsinoti dhammavisesanaṃ. Tattha na vidati dhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvaṃ na vijānātīti avijjā, aññāṇaṃ. Sā ādi yesaṃ taṇhādīnaṃ, teyeva kilissanti etehi sattāti kilesā, teyeva ca sattānaṃ vibādhanaṭṭhena jālasadisāti jālaṃ, taṃ viddhaṃseti sabbaso vināseti sīlenāti avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī, tassa.

Nanu cettha sapariyattiko navalokuttaradhammo adhippeto, tattha ca maggoyeva kilese viddhaṃseti, netareti ce? Vuccate – maggassāpi nibbānamāgamma kilesaviddhaṃsanato nibbānampi kilese viddhaṃseti nāma, maggassa kilesaviddhaṃsanakiccaṃ phalena niṭṭhitanti phalampi ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vuccati, pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa upanissayapaccayattā ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vattuṃ arahatīti na koci doso. Dhammavarassa tassāti pubbe aniyamitassa niyāmakavacanaṃ. Tattha yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne catūsu apāyesu saṃsāradukkhe ca apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo. Vuttappakāro dhammo eva attano uttaritarābhāvena varo pavaro anuttaroti dhammavaro, tassa dhammavarassa namo atthūti attho.

Evaṃ saṅkhepanayeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ thometvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ guṇehītiādimāha. Tattha guṇehi yo yutto, tamariyasaṅghaṃ namāmīti sambandho. Sīlādayo guṇā cettha lokiyalokuttarā adhippetā. ‘‘Vimuttivimuttiñāṇa’’nti vattabbe ekadesasarūpekasesanayena ‘‘vimuttiñāṇa’’nti vuttaṃ, ādisaddapariyāyena pabhutisaddena vā vimuttiggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha vimuttīti phalaṃ. Vimuttiñāṇanti paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. Pabhuti-saddena chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidādayo guṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā. Kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ puññātisayavuḍḍhiyā khettasadisattā khettanti āha ‘‘khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikāna’’nti. Khittaṃ bījaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena tāyatīti hi khettaṃ. Ariyasaṅghanti ettha ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato, sadevakena lokena ‘‘saraṇa’’nti araṇīyato upagantabbato, upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā, aṭṭha ariyapuggalā, ariyānaṃ saṅgho samūhoti ariyasaṅgho, taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ.

Idāni ratanattayapaṇāmajanitaṃ kusalābhisandaṃ yathādhippete payojane niyojetvā attanā saṃvaṇṇiyamānassa vinayassa sakalasāsanamūlabhāvadassanamukhena saṃvaṇṇanākaraṇassāpi sāsanamūlataṃ dassetuṃ iccevamiccādigāthādvayamāha. Puññābhisandanti puññoghaṃ, puññappavāhaṃ puññarāsinti attho. Tassānubhāvenāti tassa yathāvuttassa puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena balena hatantarāyo vinayaṃ vaṇṇayissanti sambandho.

Aṭṭhitassa susaṇṭhitassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ yasmiṃ ṭhite patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti yojetabbaṃ. Tattha yasminti yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake. Ṭhiteti pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ hutvā lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhite. Sāsananti sikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ sāsanaṃ. Aṭṭhitassāti kāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasaṅkhāte antadvaye aṭṭhitassa, ‘‘parinibbutassapi bhagavato’’tipi vadanti. Susaṇṭhitassāti antadvayavirahitāya majjhimāya paṭipadāya suṭṭhu ṭhitassa. Amissanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso, nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ katvā anākulaṃ katvā vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti. Nissāya pubbācariyānubhāvanti pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ nissāya, na attano balenāti adhippāyo.

Atha porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu vijjamānāsu puna vinayasaṃvaṇṇanā kiṃpayojanāti? Āha kāmañcātiādi. Tattha kāmanti ekantena, yathicchakaṃ vā, sabbasoti vuttaṃ hoti, tassa saṃvaṇṇitoyaṃ vinayoti iminā sambandho. Pubbācariyāsabhehīti mahākassapattherādayo pubbācariyā eva akampiyaṭṭhena uttamaṭṭhena ca āsabhā, tehi pubbācariyavarehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kīdisā pana te pubbācariyāti? Āha ñāṇambūtiādi. Aggamaggañāṇasaṅkhātena ambunā salilena niddhotāni nissesato āyatiṃ anuppattidhammatāpādanena dhotāni visodhitāni rāgādīni tīṇi malāni kāmāsavādayo ca cattāro āsavā yehi te ñāṇambuniddhotamalāsavā, tehi khīṇāsavehīti attho. Khīṇāsavabhāvepi na ete sukkhavipassakāti āha ‘‘visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidehī’’ti. Tattha vijjāti tisso vijjā, aṭṭha vijjā vā. Paṭisambhidāppattesupi mahākassapattherādīnaṃ uccinitvā gahitatāya tesaṃ saddhammasaṃvaṇṇane sāmatthiyaṃ sātisayanti dassento āha ‘‘saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehī’’ti.

Kilesajātaṃ, parikkhārabāhullaṃ vā sallikhati tanuṃ karotīti sallekho, appicchatādiguṇasamūho, idha pana khīṇāsavādhikārattā parikkhārabāhullassa sallikhanavaseneva attho gahetabbo. Sallekhena nibbattaṃ sallekhiyaṃ, tasmiṃ sallekhiye, dhutaṅgapariharaṇādisallekhapaapattiyanti vuttaṃ hoti. Nosulabhūpamehīti sallekhapaṭipattiyā ‘‘asukasadisā’’ti natthi sulabhā upamā etesanti nosulabhūpamā, tehi. Mahāvihārassāti iminā nikāyantaraṃ paṭikkhipati . Vihārasīsena hettha tattha nivāsīnañceva tehi samaladdhikānañca sabbesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tasmā tesaṃ mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ diṭṭhisīlavisuddhiyā pabhavattena saññāṇabhūtattā dhammasaṅgāhakā mahākassapattherādayo ‘‘mahāvihārassa dhajūpamā’’ti vuttā, tehi ayaṃ vinayo saṃvaṇṇito sammā anūnaṃ katvā vaṇṇito. Kathanti āha ‘‘cittehi nayehī’’ti. Vicittehi nayehi sambuddhavaranvayehi sabbaññubuddhavaraṃ anugatehi, bhagavato adhippāyānugatehi nayehīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanavisesaṃ ajjhesakañca dassetuṃ saṃvaṇṇanātiādimāha. Tattha saṅkhatattāti racitattā. Na kañci atthaṃ abhisambhuṇātīti na kañci atthaṃ sādheti.

Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañcātiādinā attano saṃvaṇṇanāya karaṇappakāraṃ dasseti. Tattha tañca idāni vuccamānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhanto sakalāyapi mahāaṭṭhakathāya idha gahetabbato mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ tassā idāni vuccamānāya saṃvaṇṇanāya sarīraṃ katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ yo vinicchayo vutto, tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu vissutāsu aṭṭhakathāsu yo vinicchayo vutto, tatopi vinicchayato yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto antogadhattheravādaṃ katvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ sammā samārabhissanti padatthasambandho veditabbo. Ettha ca attho kathīyati etāyāti aṭṭhakathā ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā. Mahāpaccariyanti mahāpaccarīnāmikaṃ. Ettha ca paccarīti uḷumpaṃ vuccati, tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. ‘‘Kurundīvallivihāro nāma atthi, tattha katattā ‘kurundī’ti nāmaṃ jāta’’nti vadanti. Ādisaddena andhakaṭṭhakathaṃ saṅkhepaṭṭhakathañca saṅgaṇhāti.

Yuttamatthanti mahāaṭṭhakathānayena, catubbidhavinayayuttiyā vā yuttamatthaṃ. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathaṃyeva gahetvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karissāmī’’ti vutte aṭṭhakathāsu vuttattheravādānaṃ bāhirabhāvo siyāti tepi antokattukāmo ‘‘antogadhatheravāda’’nti āha, theravādepi antokatvāti vuttaṃ hoti.

Taṃ meti gāthāya sotūhi paṭipajjitabbavidhiṃ dasseti. Tattha dhammappadīpassāti dhammo eva mohandhakāraviddhaṃsanato padīpasadisattā padīpo assāti dhammappadīpo, bhagavā, tassa. Patimānayantāti pūjentā manasā garuṃ karontā nisāmentu suṇantu.

Buddhenātiādinā attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamanasuddhidassanamukhena pamāṇabhāvaṃ dassetvā anusikkhitabbataṃ dasseti. Tattha yatheva buddhena yo dhammo vinayo ca vutto, so tassa buddhassa yehi puttehi mahākassapattherādīhi tatheva ñāto, tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matimaccajantā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathācariyā yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti sambandho veditabbo. Tattha dhammoti suttābhidhamme saṅgaṇhāti. Vinayoti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ. Vuttoti pāḷito ca atthato ca buddhena bhagavatā vutto. Na hi bhagavatā abyākataṃ nāma tantipadaṃ atthi, tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitapakiṇṇakadesanāyeva hi aṭṭhakathā. Tatheva ñātoti yatheva buddhena vutto, tatheva ekapadampi ekakkharampi avināsetvā adhippāyañca avikopetvā ñāto viditoti attho. Tesaṃ matimaccajantāti tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matisaṅkhātaṃ theraparamparāya uggahetvā ābhataṃ abbocchinnaṃ pāḷivaṇṇanāvasena ceva pāḷimuttakavasena ca pavattaṃ sabbaṃ aṭṭhakathāvinicchayaṃ apariccajantā. Aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti mahāaṭṭhakathāmahāpaccariādikā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo akaṃsu. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathāmakaṃsū’’tipi pāṭho, tatthāpi soyevattho.

Tasmāti yasmā tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ avikopetvā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsu, tasmā. Yaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, taṃ sabbampi pamāṇanti yojanā. Hīti nipātamattaṃ hetuatthassa tasmāti imināyeva pakāsitattā, avadhāraṇattho vā, pamāṇamevāti. Yadi aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇaṃ, evaṃ sati tattha pamādalekhāpi pamāṇaṃ siyāti āha ‘‘vajjayitvāna pamādalekha’’nti, aparāparaṃ likhantehi pamādena satiṃ apaccupaṭṭhapetvā aññattha likhitabbaṃ aññattha likhanādivasena pavattitā pamādalekhā nāma, sā ca samantapāsādikāyaṃ tattha tattha sayameva āvibhavissati. Puna yasmāti padassa sambandhadassanavasena ayaṃ atthayojanā – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ idha imasmiṃ sāsane sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ pamāṇameva, yasmā ca ayaṃ vaṇṇanāpi bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhatāya atthato abhinnā, tato eva pamāṇabhūtāva hessati, tasmā anusikkhitabbāti.

Tatoti tāhi aṭṭhakathāhi. Bhāsantarameva hitvāti sīhaḷabhāsaṃyeva apanetvā. Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvāti porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu yathāṭhāne vattabbampi padatthavinicchayādikaṃ ativitthiṇṇena vacanakkamena ceva vuttameva atthanayaṃ appamattakavisesena punappunaṃ kathanena ca tattha tattha papañcitaṃ tādisaṃ vitthāramaggaṃ pahāya sallahukena atthaviññāpakena padakkamena ceva vuttanayasadisaṃ vattabbaṃ atidisitvā ca saṅkhepanayeneva vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo. Sāratthadīpaniyaṃ pana vinayaṭīkāyaṃ ‘‘porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu upari vuccamānampi ānetvā tattha tattha papañcitaṃ ñatticatutthena kammena…pe… upasampannoti bhikkhūti ettha apalokanādīnaṃ catunnampi kammānaṃ vitthārakathā viya tādisaṃ vitthāramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ tantikkamaṃ kañci avokkamitvāti ettheva vattuṃ yuttaṃ. Aññattha pāḷiyā vattabbaṃ aññattha kathanañhi tantikkamaṃ vokkamitvā kathanaṃ nāma. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘tatheva vaṇṇituṃ yuttarūpaṃ hutvā anukkamena āgataṃ pāḷiṃ pariccajitvā saṃvaṇṇanato sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ayuttaṭṭhāne vaṇṇitaṃ yathāṭhāneyeva vaṇṇanato ca vuttaṃ ‘tantikkamaṃ kañci avokkamitvā’’’ti. Tasmā yathāvuttanayeneva attho gahetabbo. Kathaṃ pana vitthāramaggassa saṅkhipane vinicchayo na hīyatīti? Āha ‘‘vinicchayaṃ sabbamasesayitvā’’ti. Saṅkhipantopi punappunaṃ vacanādimeva saṅkhipanto, vinicchayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāsu sabbāsupi vuttaṃ sabbampi asesayitvā, kiñcimattampi aparihāpetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tantikkamaṃ kañci avokkamitvāti kañci pāḷikkamaṃ anatikkamitvā, anukkameneva pāḷiṃ vaṇṇayissāmāti attho.

Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthanti verañjakaṇḍādīsu āgatānaṃ jhānakathādīnaṃ suttantavacanānaṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘suttantikānaṃ bhāro’’ti vatvā avaṇṇitabbaṭṭhānaṃ atthaṃ taṃtaṃsuttānurūpaṃ sabbaso paridīpayissāmāti adhippāyo. Hessatīti bhavissati, karīyissatīti vā attho. Ettha ca paṭhamasmiṃ atthavikappe ‘‘bhāsantarapariccāgādikaṃ catubbidhaṃ kiccaṃ nipphādetvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā bhavissatī’’ti vaṇṇanāvasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. Pacchimasmiṃ atthavikappe pana ‘‘heṭṭhā vuttabhāsantarapariccāgādikaṃ katvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā amhehi karīyissatī’’ti evaṃ ācariyavasena samānakattukatā veditabbā.

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanānayo niṭṭhito.