5. Mahāgovindacariyāvaṇṇanā

Pañcame sattarājapurohitoti sattabhūādīnaṃ sattannaṃ rājūnaṃ sabbakiccānusāsakapurohito. Pūjito naradevehīti tehi eva aññehi ca jambudīpe sabbeheva khattiyehi catupaccayapūjāya sakkārasammānena ca pūjito. Mahāgovindabrāhmaṇoti mahānubhāvatāya govindassābhisekena abhisittatāya ca ‘‘mahāgovindo’’ti saṅkhaṃ gato brāhmaṇo, abhisittakālato paṭṭhāya hi bodhisattassa ayaṃ samaññā jātā, nāmena pana jotipālo nāma. Tassa kira jātadivase sabbāvudhāni jotiṃsu. Rājāpi paccūsasamaye attano maṅgalāvudhaṃ pajjalitaṃ disvā bhīto attano purohitaṃ bodhisattassa pitaraṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgataṃ pucchitvā ‘‘mā bhāyi, mahārāja, mayhaṃ putto jāto, tassānubhāvena na kevalaṃ rājageheyeva, sakalanagarepi āvudhāni pajjaliṃsu, na taṃ nissāya tuyhaṃ antarāyo atthi, sakalajambudīpe pana paññāya tena samo na bhavissati, tassetaṃ pubbanimitta’’nti purohitena samassāsito tuṭṭhacitto ‘‘kumārassa khīramūlaṃ hotū’’ti sahassaṃ datvā ‘‘vayappattakāle mayhaṃ dassethā’’ti āha. So vuddhippatto aparabhāge alamatthadasso sattannaṃ rājūnaṃ sabbakiccānusāsako hutvā pabbajitvā ca satte diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikehi anatthehi pāletvā atthehi niyojesi. Iti jotitattā pālanasamatthatāya ca ‘‘jotipālo’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘nāmena jotipālo nāmā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.304).

Tattha bodhisatto disampatissa nāma rañño purohitassa govindabrāhmaṇassa putto hutvā attano pitu tassa ca rañño accayena tassa putto reṇu, sahāyā cassa sattabhū, brahmadatto, vessabhū , bharato, dve ca dhataraṭṭhāti ime satta rājāno yathā aññamaññaṃ na vivadanti. Evaṃ rajje patiṭṭhāpetvā tesaṃ atthadhamme anusāsanto jambudīpatale sabbesaṃ rājūnaṃ aññesañca brāhmaṇānaṃ devanāgagahapatikānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānaṃ patto ahosi. Tassa atthadhammesu kusalatāya ‘‘mahāgovindo’’tveva samaññā udapādi. Yathāha ‘‘govindo vata, bho brāhmaṇo, mahāgovindo vata, bho brāhmaṇo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.305). Tena vuttaṃ –

37.

‘‘Punāparaṃ yadā homi, sattarājapurohito;

Pūjito naradevehi, mahāgovindabrāhmaṇo’’ti.

Atha bodhisattassa puññānubhāvasamussāhitehi rājūhi tesaṃ anuyuttehi khattiyehi brāhmaṇagahapatikehi negamajānapadehi ca uparūpari upanīto samantato mahogho viya ajjhottharamāno aparimeyyo uḷāro lābhasakkāro uppajji, yathā taṃ aparimāṇāsu jātīsu upacitavipulapuññasañcayassa uḷārābhijātassa parisuddhasīlācārassa pesalassa pariyodātasabbasippassa sabbasattesu puttasadisamahākaruṇāvipphārasiniddhamuduhadayassa. So cintesi – ‘‘etarahi kho mayhaṃ mahālābhasakkāro, yaṃnūnāhaṃ iminā sabbasatte santappetvā dānapāramiṃ paripūreyya’’nti. So nagarassa majjhe catūsu dvāresu attano nivesanadvāreti cha dānasālāyo kāretvā devasikaṃ aparimitadhanapariccāgena mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Yaṃ yaṃ upāyanaṃ ānīyati, yañca attano atthāya abhisaṅkharīyati, sabbaṃ taṃ dānasālāsu eva pesesi. Evaṃ divase divase mahāpariccāgaṃ karontassa cassa cittassa titti vā santoso vā nāhosi, kuto pana saṅkoco. Dānaggañcassa lābhāsāya āgacchantehi deyyadhammaṃ gahetvā gacchantehi ca mahāsattassa ca guṇavisese kittayantehi mahājanakāyehi antonagaraṃ bahinagarañca samantato ekoghabhūtaṃ kappavuṭṭhānamahāvāyusaṅghaṭṭaparibbhamitaṃ viya mahāsamuddaṃ ekakolāhalaṃ ekaninnādaṃ ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –

38.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ sattarajjesu, yaṃ me āsi upāyanaṃ;

Tena demi mahādānaṃ, akkhobhaṃ sāgarūpama’’nti.

Tattha tadāhanti yadā sattarājapurohito mahāgovindabrāhmaṇo homi, tadā ahaṃ. Sattarajjesūti reṇuādīnaṃ sattannaṃ rājūnaṃ rajjesu. Akkhobhanti abbhantarehi ca bāhirehi ca paccatthikehi appaṭisedhanīyatāya kenaci akkhobhanīyaṃ. ‘‘Accubbha’’ntipi pāṭho. Atipuṇṇadānajjhāsayassa deyyadhammassa ca uḷārabhāvena vipulabhāvena ca ativiya paripuṇṇanti attho. Sāgarūpamanti sāgarasadisaṃ, yathā sāgare udakaṃ sakalenapi lokena harantena khepetuṃ na sakkā, evaṃ tassa dānagge deyyadhammanti.

39. Osānagāthāya varaṃ dhananti uttamaṃ icchitaṃ vā dhanaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Evaṃ mahāsatto paṭhamakappikamahāmegho viya mahāvassaṃ avibhāgena mahantaṃ dānavassaṃ vassāpento dānabyāvaṭo hutvāpi sesaṃ sattannaṃ rājūnaṃ atthadhamme appamatto anusāsati. Satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle vijjāsippaṃ sikkhāpeti, satta ca nhātakasatāni mante vāceti. Tassa aparena samayena evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato ‘‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.312). So cintesi – ‘‘etarahi kho mayhaṃ ayaṃ abhūto kittisaddo abbhuggato ‘brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ bhūtaṃ eva kareyya’’nti. So ‘‘te satta rājāno satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni attano puttadārañca āpucchitvā brahmānaṃ passeyya’’nti cittaṃ paṇidhāya vassike cattāro māse brahmavihārabhāvanamanuyuñji. Tassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya brahmā sanaṅkumāro purato pāturahosi. Taṃ disvā mahāpuriso pucchi –

‘‘Vaṇṇavā yasavā sirimā, ko nu tvamasi mārisa;

Ajānantā taṃ pucchāma, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ maya’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.318);

Tassa brahmā attānaṃ jānāpento –

‘‘Maṃ ve kumāraṃ jānanti, brahmaloke sanantanaṃ;

Sabbe jānanti maṃ devā, evaṃ govinda jānāhī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.318) –

Vatvā tena –

‘‘Āsanaṃ udakaṃ pajjaṃ, madhusākañca brahmuno;

Agghe bhavantaṃ pucchāma, agghaṃ kurutu no bhava’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.318) –

Upanītaṃ atithisakkāraṃ anatthikopi brahmā tassa cittasampahaṃsanatthaṃ vissāsakaraṇatthañca sampaṭicchanto ‘‘paṭiggaṇhāma te agghaṃ, yaṃ, tvaṃ govinda, bhāsasī’’ti. Vatvā okāsadānatthaṃ –

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;

Katāvakāso pucchassu, yaṃkiñci abhipatthita’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.318) –

Okāsamakāsi.

Atha naṃ mahāpuriso samparāyikaṃ eva atthaṃ –

‘‘Pucchāmi brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ, kaṅkhī akaṅkhiṃ paravediyesu;

Katthaṭṭhito kimhi ca sikkhamāno, pappoti macco amataṃ brahmaloka’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.319) –

Pucchi.

Tassa brahmā byākaronto –

‘‘Hitvā mamattaṃ manujesu brahme, ekodibhūto karuṇedhimutto;

Nirāmagandho virato methunasmā, etthaṭṭhito ettha ca sikkhamāno;

Pappoti macco amataṃ brahmaloka’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.319) –

Brahmalokagāmimaggaṃ kathesi.

Tattha maṃ ve kumāraṃ jānantīti ve ekaṃsena maṃ ‘‘kumāro’’ti jānanti. Brahmaloketi seṭṭhaloke. Sanantananti ciratanaṃ porāṇaṃ. Evaṃ, govinda, jānāhīti, govinda, evaṃ maṃ dhārehi.

Āsananti idaṃ bhoto brahmuno nisīdanatthāya āsanaṃ paññattaṃ. Idaṃ udakaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ pādānaṃ dhovanatthaṃ pānīyaṃ pipāsaharaṇatthāya. Idaṃ pajjaṃ parissamavinodanatthaṃ pādabbhañjanatelaṃ. Idaṃ madhusākaṃ atakkaṃ aloṇikaṃ adhūpanaṃ udakena seditaṃ sākaṃ sandhāya vadati. Tadā hi bodhisattassa taṃ catumāsaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhisallekhavuttiparamukkaṭṭhaṃ ahosi. Tassime sabbe agghe katvā pucchāma, tayidaṃ agghaṃ kurutu paṭiggaṇhātu no bhavaṃ idaṃ agghanti vuttaṃ hoti. Iti mahāpuriso brahmuno nesaṃ aparibhuñjanaṃ jānantopi vattasīse ṭhatvā attano āciṇṇaṃ atithipūjanaṃ dassento evamāha. Brahmāpissa adhippāyaṃ jānanto ‘‘paṭiggaṇhāma te agghaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ, govinda, bhāsasī’’ti āha.

Tattha tassa te āsane mayaṃ nisinnā nāma homa, pādodakena pādā dhotā nāma hontu, pānīyaṃ pītā nāma homa, pādabbhañjanena pādā makkhitā nāma hontu, udakasākampi paribhuttaṃ nāma hotūti attho.

Kaṅkhī akaṅkhiṃ paravediyesūti ahaṃ savicikiccho parena sayaṃ abhisaṅkhatattā parassa pākaṭesu paravediyesu pañhesu nibbicikicchaṃ.

Hitvā mamattanti ‘‘idaṃ mama, idaṃ mamā’’ti pavattanakaṃ upakaraṇataṇhaṃ cajitvā. Manujesūti sattesu. Brahmeti bodhisattaṃ ālapati. Ekodibhūtoti eko udeti pavattatīti ekodibhūto ekībhūto, ekena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Atha vā eko udetīti ekodi, samādhi. Taṃ bhūto pattoti ekodibhūto, upacārappanāsamādhīhi samāhitoti attho. Etaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ karuṇābrahmavihāravasena dassento ‘‘karuṇedhimutto’’ti āha. Karuṇajjhāne adhimutto, taṃ jhānaṃ nibbattetvāti attho. Nirāmagandhoti kilesasaṅkhātavissagandharahito. Etthaṭṭhitoti etesu dhammesu ṭhito, ete dhamme sampādetvā. Ettha ca sikkhamānoti etesu dhammesu sikkhamāno , etaṃ brahmavihārabhāvanaṃ bhāventoti attho. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana pāḷiyaṃ (dī. ni. 2.293 ādayo) āgatoyevāti.

Atha mahāpuriso tassa brahmuno vacanaṃ sutvā āmagandhe jigucchanto ‘‘idānevāhaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti āha. Brahmāpi ‘‘sādhu, mahāpurisa, pabbajassu. Evaṃ sati mayhampi tava santike āgamanaṃ svāgamanameva bhavissati, tvaṃ, tāta, sakalajambudīpe aggapuriso paṭhamavaye ṭhito, evaṃ mahantaṃ nāma sampattiṃ issariyañca pahāya pabbajanaṃ nāma gandhahatthino ayobandhanaṃ chinditvā vanagamanaṃ viya atiuḷāraṃ, buddhatanti nāmesā’’ti mahābodhisattassa daḷhīkammaṃ katvā brahmalokameva gato. Mahāsattopi ‘‘mama ito nikkhamitvā pabbajanaṃ nāma na yuttaṃ, ahaṃ rājakulānaṃ atthaṃ anusāsāmi, tasmā tesaṃ ārocetvā sace tepi pabbajanti sundarameva, no ce purohitaṭṭhānaṃ niyyātetvā pabbajissāmī’’ti cintetvā reṇussa tāva rañño ārocetvā tena bhiyyosomattāya kāmehi nimantiyamāno attano saṃvegahetuṃ ekantena pabbajitukāmatañcassa nivedetvā tena ‘‘yadi evaṃ ahampi pabbajissāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā eteneva nayena sattabhūādayo cha khattiye, satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle, satta ca nhātakasatāni, attano bhariyāyo ca āpucchitvā sattāhamattameva tesaṃ cittānurakkhaṇatthaṃ ṭhatvā mahābhinikkhamanasadisaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbaji.

Tassa te sattarājāno ādiṃ katvā sabbeva anupabbajiṃsu. Sā ahosi mahatī parisā. Anekayojanavitthārāya parisāya parivuto mahāpuriso dhammaṃ desento gāmanigamajanapadarājadhānīsu cārikaṃ carati, mahājanaṃ puññe patiṭṭhāpeti. Gatagataṭṭhāne buddhakolāhalaṃ viya hoti. Manussā ‘‘govindapaṇḍito kira āgacchatī’’ti sutvā puretarameva maṇḍapaṃ kāretvā taṃ alaṅkārāpetvā paccuggantvā maṇḍapaṃ pavesetvā nānaggarasabhojanena patimānenti. Mahālābhasakkāro mahogho viya ajjhottharanto uppajji. Mahāpuriso mahājanaṃ puññe patiṭṭhāpesi sīlasampadāya indriyasaṃvare bhojane mattaññutāya jāgariyānuyoge kasiṇaparikamme jhānesu abhiññāsu aṭṭhasamāpattīsu brahmavihāresūti. Buddhuppādakālo viya ahosi.

Bodhisatto yāvatāyukaṃ pāramiyo pūrento samāpattisukhena vītināmetvā āyupariyosāne brahmaloke nibbatti. Tassa taṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ pavattittha. Tassa ye sāsanaṃ sabbena sabbaṃ ājāniṃsu, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ brahmalokaṃ upapajjiṃsu. Ye na ājāniṃsu, te appekacce paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu. Appekacce nimmānaratīnaṃ…pe… tusitānaṃ yāmānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu. Ye sabbanihīnā, te gandhabbakāyaṃ paripūresuṃ. Iti mahājano yebhuyyena brahmalokūpago saggūpago ca ahosi. Tasmā devabrahmalokā paripūriṃsu. Cattāro apāyā suññā viya ahesuṃ.

Idhāpi akittijātake (jā. 1.13.83 ādayo) viya bodhisambhāraniddhāraṇā veditabbā – tadā satta rājāno mahātherā ahesuṃ, sesaparisā buddhaparisā, mahāgovindo lokanātho. Tathā reṇuādīnaṃ sattannaṃ rājūnaṃ aññamaññāvirodhena yathā sakarajje patiṭṭhāpanaṃ, tathā mahati sattavidhe rajje tesaṃ atthadhammānusāsane appamādo, ‘‘brahmunāpi sākacchaṃ samāpajjatī’’ti pavattasambhāvanaṃ yathābhūtaṃ kātuṃ cattāro māse paramukkaṃsagato brahmacariyavāso. Tena brahmuno attani samāpajjanaṃ, brahmuno ovāde ṭhatvā sattahi rājūhi sakalena ca lokena upanītaṃ lābhasakkāraṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya chaḍḍetvā aparimāṇāya khattiyabrāhmaṇādiparisāya anupabbajjānimittāya pabbajjāya anuṭṭhānaṃ, buddhānaṃ sāsanassa viya attano sāsanassa cirakālānuppabandhoti evamādayo guṇānubhāvā vibhāvetabbāti.

Mahāgovindacariyāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.