| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Majjhima Nikāya, English translation |
मज्झिम निकाय २८
Majjhima Nikāya 28
The Middle-Length Suttas Collection 28
महाहत्थिपदोपमसुत्त
Mahāhatthipadopamasutta
The Longer Simile of the Elephant’s Footprint
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा सावत्थियं विहरति जेतवने अनाथपिण्डिकस्स आरामे। तत्र खो आयस्मा सारिपुत्तो भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “आवुसो भिक्खवे”ति।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi: “āvuso bhikkhave”ti.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. There Sāriputta addressed the bhikkhus, “Friends, bhikkhus!”
“आवुसो”ति खो ते भिक्खू आयस्मतो सारिपुत्तस्स पच्चस्सोसुं। आयस्मा सारिपुत्तो एतदवोच:
“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṁ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca:
“Friend,” they replied. Sāriputta said this:
“सेय्यथापि, आवुसो, यानि कानिचि जङ्गलानं पाणानं पदजातानि सब्बानि तानि हत्थिपदे समोधानं गच्छन्ति, हत्थिपदं तेसं अग्गमक्खायति यदिदं महन्तत्तेन; एवमेव खो, आवुसो, ये केचि कुसला धम्मा सब्बेते चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु सङ्गहं गच्छन्ति। कतमेसु चतूसु? दुक्खे अरियसच्चे, दुक्खसमुदये अरियसच्चे, दुक्खनिरोधे अरियसच्चे, दुक्खनिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय अरियसच्चे।
“Seyyathāpi, āvuso, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti, hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati yadidaṁ mahantattena; evameva kho, āvuso, ye keci kusalā dhammā sabbete catūsu ariyasaccesu saṅgahaṁ gacchanti. Katamesu catūsu? Dukkhe ariyasacce, dukkhasamudaye ariyasacce, dukkhanirodhe ariyasacce, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ariyasacce.
“The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint, so an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all. In the same way, all skillful qualities can be included in the four noble truths. What four? The noble truths of suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.
कतमञ्चावुसो, दुक्खं अरियसच्चं? जातिपि दुक्खा, जरापि दुक्खा, मरणम्पि दुक्खं, सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सुपायासापि दुक्खा, यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं; सङ्खित्तेन, पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा दुक्खा। कतमे चावुसो, पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा? सेय्यथिदं—रूपुपादानक्खन्धो, वेदनुपादानक्खन्धो, सञ्ञुपादानक्खन्धो, सङ्खारुपादानक्खन्धो, विञ्ञाणुपादानक्खन्धो।
Katamañcāvuso, dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ? Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṁ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ; saṅkhittena, pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. Katame cāvuso, pañcupādānakkhandhā? Seyyathidaṁ—rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho.
And what is the noble truth of suffering? Rebirth is suffering; old age is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress are suffering; not getting what you wish for is suffering. In brief, the five grasping aggregates are suffering. And what are the five grasping aggregates? They are as follows: the grasping aggregates of form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.
कतमो चावुसो, रूपुपादानक्खन्धो? चत्तारि च महाभूतानि, चतुन्नञ्च महाभूतानं उपादाय रूपं।
Katamo cāvuso, rūpupādānakkhandho? Cattāri ca mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāya rūpaṁ.
And what is the grasping aggregate of form? The four primary elements, and form derived from the four primary elements.
कतमा चावुसो, चत्तारो महाभूता? पथवीधातु, आपोधातु, तेजोधातु, वायोधातु।
Katamā cāvuso, cattāro mahābhūtā? Pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu.
And what are the four primary elements? The elements of earth, water, fire, and air.
कतमा चावुसो, पथवीधातु? पथवीधातु सिया अज्झत्तिका, सिया बाहिरा। कतमा चावुसो, अज्झत्तिका पथवीधातु? यं अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं कक्खळं खरिगतं उपादिन्नं, सेय्यथिदं—केसा लोमा नखा दन्ता तचो मंसं न्हारु अट्ठि अट्ठिमिञ्जं वक्कं हदयं यकनं किलोमकं पिहकं पप्फासं अन्तं अन्तगुणं उदरियं करीसं, यं वा पनञ्ञम्पि किञ्चि अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं कक्खळं खरिगतं उपादिन्नं। अयं वुच्चतावुसो, अज्झत्तिका पथवीधातु। या चेव खो पन अज्झत्तिका पथवीधातु, या च बाहिरा पथवीधातु, पथवीधातुरेवेसा। ‘तं नेतं मम, नेसोहमस्मि, न मेसो अत्ताऽति—एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दट्ठब्बं। एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दिस्वा पथवीधातुया निब्बिन्दति, पथवीधातुया चित्तं विराजेति।
Katamā cāvuso, pathavīdhātu? Pathavīdhātu siyā ajjhattikā, siyā bāhirā. Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu? Yaṁ ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ kakkhaḷaṁ kharigataṁ upādinnaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ, yaṁ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ kakkhaḷaṁ kharigataṁ upādinnaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu, yā ca bāhirā pathavīdhātu, pathavīdhāturevesā. ‘Taṁ netaṁ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti—evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṁ. Evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya disvā pathavīdhātuyā nibbindati, pathavīdhātuyā cittaṁ virājeti.
And what is the earth element? The earth element may be interior or exterior. And what is the interior earth element? Anything hard, solid, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This includes: head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, or anything else hard, solid, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This is called the interior earth element. The interior earth element and the exterior earth element are just the earth element. This should be truly seen with right understanding like this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ When you truly see with right understanding, you grow disillusioned with the earth element, detaching the mind from the earth element.
होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं बाहिरा आपोधातु पकुप्पति। अन्तरहिता तस्मिं समये बाहिरा पथवीधातु होति। तस्सा हि नाम, आवुसो, बाहिराय पथवीधातुया ताव महल्लिकाय अनिच्चता पञ्ञायिस्सति, खयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, वयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, विपरिणामधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति। किं पनिमस्स मत्तट्ठकस्स कायस्स तण्हुपादिन्नस्स ‘अहन्ति वा ममन्ति वा अस्मीऽति वा? अथ ख्वास्स नोतेवेत्थ होति।
Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ bāhirā āpodhātu pakuppati. Antarahitā tasmiṁ samaye bāhirā pathavīdhātu hoti. Tassā hi nāma, āvuso, bāhirāya pathavīdhātuyā tāva mahallikāya aniccatā paññāyissati, khayadhammatā paññāyissati, vayadhammatā paññāyissati, vipariṇāmadhammatā paññāyissati. Kiṁ panimassa mattaṭṭhakassa kāyassa taṇhupādinnassa ‘ahanti vā mamanti vā asmī’ti vā? Atha khvāssa notevettha hoti.
There comes a time when the exterior water element flares up. At that time the exterior earth element vanishes. So for all its great age, the earth element will be revealed as impermanent, liable to end, vanish, and perish. What then of this ephemeral body appropriated by craving? Rather than take it to be ‘I’ or ‘mine’ or ‘I am’, they still just consider it to be none of these things.
तञ्चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुं परे अक्कोसन्ति परिभासन्ति रोसेन्ति विहेसेन्ति, सो एवं पजानाति: ‘उप्पन्ना खो मे अयं सोतसम्फस्सजा दुक्खवेदना। सा च खो पटिच्च, नो अपटिच्च। किं पटिच्च? फस्सं पटिच्चऽ। सो फस्सो अनिच्चोति पस्सति, वेदना अनिच्चाति पस्सति, सञ्ञा अनिच्चाति पस्सति, सङ्खारा अनिच्चाति पस्सति, विञ्ञाणं अनिच्चन्ति पस्सति। तस्स धातारम्मणमेव चित्तं पक्खन्दति पसीदति सन्तिट्ठति अधिमुच्चति।
Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṁ pare akkosanti paribhāsanti rosenti vihesenti, so evaṁ pajānāti: ‘uppannā kho me ayaṁ sotasamphassajā dukkhavedanā. Sā ca kho paṭicca, no apaṭicca. Kiṁ paṭicca? Phassaṁ paṭicca’. So1 phasso aniccoti passati, vedanā aniccāti passati, saññā aniccāti passati, saṅkhārā aniccāti passati, viññāṇaṁ aniccanti passati. Tassa dhātārammaṇameva cittaṁ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati.
If others abuse, attack, harass, and trouble that bhikkhu, they understand: ‘This painful feeling born of ear contact has arisen in me. That’s dependent, not independent. Dependent on what? Dependent on contact.’ They see that contact, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are impermanent. Based on that element alone, their mind becomes eager, confident, settled, and decided.
तञ्चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुं परे अनिट्ठेहि अकन्तेहि अमनापेहि समुदाचरन्ति—पाणिसम्फस्सेनपि लेड्डुसम्फस्सेनपि दण्डसम्फस्सेनपि सत्थसम्फस्सेनपि। सो एवं पजानाति: ‘तथाभूतो खो अयं कायो यथाभूतस्मिं काये पाणिसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति, लेड्डुसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति, दण्डसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति, सत्थसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति। वुत्तं खो पनेतं भगवता ककचूपमोवादे:
Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṁ pare aniṭṭhehi akantehi amanāpehi samudācaranti—pāṇisamphassenapi leḍḍusamphassenapi daṇḍasamphassenapi satthasamphassenapi. So evaṁ pajānāti: ‘tathābhūto kho ayaṁ kāyo yathābhūtasmiṁ kāye pāṇisamphassāpi kamanti, leḍḍusamphassāpi kamanti, daṇḍasamphassāpi kamanti, satthasamphassāpi kamanti. Vuttaṁ kho panetaṁ bhagavatā kakacūpamovāde:
Others might treat that bhikkhu with disliking, loathing, and detestation, striking them with fists, stones, sticks, and swords. They understand: ‘This body is such that fists, stones, sticks, and swords strike it. But the Buddha has said in the Simile of the Saw:
“उभतोदण्डकेन चेपि, भिक्खवे, ककचेन चोरा ओचरका अङ्गमङ्गानि ओकन्तेय्युं, तत्रापि यो मनो पदूसेय्य न मे सो तेन सासनकरो”ति। आरद्धं खो पन मे वीरियं भविस्सति असल्लीनं, उपट्ठिता सति असम्मुट्ठा, पस्सद्धो कायो असारद्धो, समाहितं चित्तं एकग्गं। कामं दानि इमस्मिं काये पाणिसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, लेड्डुसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, दण्डसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, सत्थसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, करीयति हिदं बुद्धानं सासनन्ऽति।
“ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṁ, tatrāpi yo mano padūseyya na me so tena sāsanakaro”ti. Āraddhaṁ kho pana me vīriyaṁ bhavissati asallīnaṁ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṁ cittaṁ ekaggaṁ. Kāmaṁ dāni imasmiṁ kāye pāṇisamphassāpi kamantu, leḍḍusamphassāpi kamantu, daṇḍasamphassāpi kamantu, satthasamphassāpi kamantu, karīyati hidaṁ buddhānaṁ sāsanan’ti.
“Even if low-down bandits were to sever you limb from limb, anyone who had a malevolent thought on that account would not be following my instructions.” My energy shall be roused up and unflagging, my mindfulness established and lucid, my body tranquil and undisturbed, and my mind immersed in samādhi. Gladly now, let fists, stones, sticks, and swords strike this body! For this is how the instructions of the Buddhas are followed.’
तस्स चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठाति। सो तेन संविज्जति संवेगं आपज्जति: ‘अलाभा वत मे, न वत मे लाभा; दुल्लद्धं वत मे, न वत मे सुलद्धं, यस्स मे एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो, उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठातीऽति। सेय्यथापि, आवुसो, सुणिसा ससुरं दिस्वा संविज्जति संवेगं आपज्जति; एवमेव खो, आवुसो, तस्स चे भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो, उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठाति, सो तेन संविज्जति संवेगं आपज्जति: ‘अलाभा वत मे, न वत मे लाभा; दुल्लद्धं वत मे, न वत मे सुलद्धं, यस्स मे एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो, उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठातीऽति। तस्स चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता सण्ठाति, सो तेन अत्तमनो होति। एत्तावतापि खो, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो बहुकतं होति।
Tassa ce, āvuso, bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhāti. So tena saṁvijjati saṁvegaṁ āpajjati: ‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṁ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṁ, yassa me evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato, upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhātī’ti. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, suṇisā sasuraṁ disvā saṁvijjati saṁvegaṁ āpajjati; evameva kho, āvuso, tassa ce bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato, upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhāti, so tena saṁvijjati saṁvegaṁ āpajjati: ‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṁ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṁ, yassa me evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato, upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhātī’ti. Tassa ce, āvuso, bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato upekkhā kusalanissitā saṇṭhāti, so tena attamano hoti. Ettāvatāpi kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno bahukataṁ hoti.
While recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful may not become stabilized in them. In that case they stir up a sense of urgency: ‘It’s my loss, my misfortune, that while recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful does not become stabilized in me.’ They’re like a daughter-in-law who stirs up a sense of urgency when they see their father-in-law. But if, while recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful does become stabilized in them, they’re happy with that. At this point, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
कतमा चावुसो, आपोधातु? आपोधातु सिया अज्झत्तिका, सिया बाहिरा। कतमा चावुसो, अज्झत्तिका आपोधातु? यं अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं आपो आपोगतं उपादिन्नं, सेय्यथिदं—पित्तं सेम्हं पुब्बो लोहितं सेदो मेदो अस्सु वसा खेळो सिङ्घाणिका लसिका मुत्तं, यं वा पनञ्ञम्पि किञ्चि अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं आपो आपोगतं उपादिन्नं—अयं वुच्चतावुसो, अज्झत्तिका आपोधातु। या चेव खो पन अज्झत्तिका आपोधातु या च बाहिरा आपोधातु, आपोधातुरेवेसा। ‘तं नेतं मम, नेसोहमस्मि, न मेसो अत्ताऽति एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दट्ठब्बं। एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दिस्वा आपोधातुया निब्बिन्दति, आपोधातुया चित्तं विराजेति।
Katamā cāvuso, āpodhātu? Āpodhātu siyā ajjhattikā, siyā bāhirā. Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā āpodhātu? Yaṁ ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ āpo āpogataṁ upādinnaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṁ, yaṁ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ āpo āpogataṁ upādinnaṁ—ayaṁ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā āpodhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā āpodhātu yā ca bāhirā āpodhātu, āpodhāturevesā. ‘Taṁ netaṁ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṁ. Evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya disvā āpodhātuyā nibbindati, āpodhātuyā cittaṁ virājeti.
And what is the water element? The water element may be interior or exterior. And what is the interior water element? Anything that’s water, watery, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This includes: bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine, or anything else that’s water, watery, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This is called the interior water element. The interior water element and the exterior water element are just the water element. This should be truly seen with right understanding like this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ When you truly see with right understanding, you grow disillusioned with the water element, detaching the mind from the water element.
होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं बाहिरा आपोधातु पकुप्पति। सा गामम्पि वहति, निगमम्पि वहति, नगरम्पि वहति, जनपदम्पि वहति, जनपदपदेसम्पि वहति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं महासमुद्दे योजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति, द्वियोजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति, तियोजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति, चतुयोजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति, पञ्चयोजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति, छयोजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति, सत्तयोजनसतिकानिपि उदकानि ओगच्छन्ति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं महासमुद्दे सत्ततालम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, छत्तालम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, पञ्चतालम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, चतुत्तालम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, तितालम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, द्वितालम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, तालमत्तम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं महासमुद्दे सत्तपोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, छप्पोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, पञ्चपोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, चतुप्पोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, तिपोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, द्विपोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, पोरिसमत्तम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं महासमुद्दे अड्ढपोरिसम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, कटिमत्तम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, जाणुकमत्तम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति, गोप्फकमत्तम्पि उदकं सण्ठाति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो, यं महासमुद्दे अङ्गुलिपब्बतेमनमत्तम्पि उदकं न होति। तस्सा हि नाम, आवुसो, बाहिराय आपोधातुया ताव महल्लिकाय अनिच्चता पञ्ञायिस्सति, खयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, वयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, विपरिणामधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति। किं पनिमस्स मत्तट्ठकस्स कायस्स तण्हुपादिन्नस्स ‘अहन्ति वा ममन्ति वा अस्मीऽति वा? अथ ख्वास्स नोतेवेत्थ होति …पे… तस्स चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता सण्ठाति। सो तेन अत्तमनो होति। एत्तावतापि खो, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो बहुकतं होति।
Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ bāhirā āpodhātu pakuppati. Sā gāmampi vahati, nigamampi vahati, nagarampi vahati, janapadampi vahati, janapadapadesampi vahati. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ mahāsamudde yojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti, dviyojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti, tiyojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti, catuyojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti, pañcayojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti, chayojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti, sattayojanasatikānipi udakāni ogacchanti. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ mahāsamudde sattatālampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, chattālampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, pañcatālampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, catuttālampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, titālampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, dvitālampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, tālamattampi2 udakaṁ saṇṭhāti. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ mahāsamudde sattaporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, chapporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, pañcaporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, catupporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, tiporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, dviporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, porisamattampi3 udakaṁ saṇṭhāti. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ mahāsamudde aḍḍhaporisampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, kaṭimattampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, jāṇukamattampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti, gopphakamattampi udakaṁ saṇṭhāti. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo, yaṁ mahāsamudde aṅgulipabbatemanamattampi udakaṁ na hoti. Tassā hi nāma, āvuso, bāhirāya āpodhātuyā tāva mahallikāya aniccatā paññāyissati, khayadhammatā paññāyissati, vayadhammatā paññāyissati, vipariṇāmadhammatā paññāyissati. Kiṁ panimassa mattaṭṭhakassa kāyassa taṇhupādinnassa ‘ahanti vā mamanti vā asmī’ti vā? Atha khvāssa notevettha hoti …pe… tassa ce, āvuso, bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato upekkhā kusalanissitā saṇṭhāti. So tena attamano hoti. Ettāvatāpi kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno bahukataṁ hoti.
There comes a time when the exterior water element flares up. It sweeps away villages, towns, cities, countries, and regions. There comes a time when the water in the ocean sinks down a hundred leagues, or two, three, four, five, six, up to seven hundred leagues. There comes a time when the water in the ocean stands just seven palm trees deep, or six, five, four, three, two, or even just one palm tree deep. There comes a time when the water in the ocean stands just seven fathoms deep, or six, five, four, three, two, or even just one fathom deep. There comes a time when the water in the ocean stands just half a fathom deep, or waist deep, or knee deep, or even just ankle deep. There comes a time when there isn’t enough water in the ocean even to wet the tip of your finger. So for all its great age, the water element will be revealed as impermanent, liable to end, vanish, and perish. What then of this ephemeral body appropriated by craving? Rather than take it to be ‘I’ or ‘mine’ or ‘I am’, they still just consider it to be none of these things. … If, while recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful does become stabilized in them, they’re happy with that. At this point, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
कतमा चावुसो, तेजोधातु? तेजोधातु सिया अज्झत्तिका, सिया बाहिरा। कतमा चावुसो, अज्झत्तिका तेजोधातु? यं अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं तेजो तेजोगतं उपादिन्नं, सेय्यथिदं—येन च सन्तप्पति, येन च जीरीयति, येन च परिडय्हति, येन च असितपीतखायितसायितं सम्मा परिणामं गच्छति, यं वा पनञ्ञम्पि किञ्चि अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं तेजो तेजोगतं उपादिन्नं—अयं वुच्चतावुसो, अज्झत्तिका तेजोधातु। या चेव खो पन अज्झत्तिका तेजोधातु या च बाहिरा तेजोधातु, तेजोधातुरेवेसा। ‘तं नेतं मम, नेसोहमस्मि, न मेसो अत्ताऽति एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दट्ठब्बं। एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दिस्वा तेजोधातुया निब्बिन्दति, तेजोधातुया चित्तं विराजेति।
Katamā cāvuso, tejodhātu? Tejodhātu siyā ajjhattikā, siyā bāhirā. Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā tejodhātu? Yaṁ ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ tejo tejogataṁ upādinnaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—yena ca santappati, yena ca jīrīyati, yena ca pariḍayhati, yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṁ sammā pariṇāmaṁ gacchati, yaṁ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ tejo tejogataṁ upādinnaṁ—ayaṁ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā tejodhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā tejodhātu yā ca bāhirā tejodhātu, tejodhāturevesā. ‘Taṁ netaṁ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṁ. Evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya disvā tejodhātuyā nibbindati, tejodhātuyā cittaṁ virājeti.
And what is the fire element? The fire element may be interior or exterior. And what is the interior fire element? Anything that’s fire, fiery, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This includes: that which warms, that which ages, that which heats you up when feverish, that which properly digests food and drink, or anything else that’s fire, fiery, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This is called the interior fire element. The interior fire element and the exterior fire element are just the fire element. This should be truly seen with right understanding like this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ When you truly see with right understanding, you grow disillusioned with the fire element, detaching the mind from the fire element.
होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं बाहिरा तेजोधातु पकुप्पति। सा गामम्पि दहति, निगमम्पि दहति, नगरम्पि दहति, जनपदम्पि दहति, जनपदपदेसम्पि दहति। सा हरितन्तं वा पन्थन्तं वा सेलन्तं वा उदकन्तं वा रमणीयं वा भूमिभागं आगम्म अनाहारा निब्बायति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं कुक्कुटपत्तेनपि न्हारुदद्दुलेनपि अग्गिं गवेसन्ति। तस्सा हि नाम, आवुसो, बाहिराय तेजोधातुया ताव महल्लिकाय अनिच्चता पञ्ञायिस्सति, खयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, वयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, विपरिणामधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति। किं पनिमस्स मत्तट्ठकस्स कायस्स तण्हुपादिन्नस्स ‘अहन्ति वा ममन्ति वा अस्मीऽति वा?
Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ bāhirā tejodhātu pakuppati. Sā gāmampi dahati, nigamampi dahati, nagarampi dahati, janapadampi dahati, janapadapadesampi dahati. Sā haritantaṁ vā panthantaṁ vā selantaṁ vā udakantaṁ vā ramaṇīyaṁ vā bhūmibhāgaṁ āgamma anāhārā nibbāyati. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ kukkuṭapattenapi nhārudaddulenapi aggiṁ gavesanti. Tassā hi nāma, āvuso, bāhirāya tejodhātuyā tāva mahallikāya aniccatā paññāyissati, khayadhammatā paññāyissati, vayadhammatā paññāyissati, vipariṇāmadhammatā paññāyissati. Kiṁ panimassa mattaṭṭhakassa kāyassa taṇhupādinnassa ‘ahanti vā mamanti vā asmī’ti vā?
There comes a time when the exterior fire element flares up. It burns up villages, towns, cities, countries, and regions until it reaches a green field, a roadside, a cliff’s edge, a body of water, or cleared parkland, where it’s extinguished for lack of fuel. There comes a time when they go looking for a fire, taking just a chicken feather or a scrap of sinew as kindling. So for all its great age, the fire element will be revealed as impermanent, liable to end, vanish, and perish. What then of this ephemeral body appropriated by craving? Rather than take it to be ‘I’ or ‘mine’ or ‘I am’, they still just consider it to be none of these things. …
अथ ख्वास्स नोतेवेत्थ होति …पे… तस्स चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता सण्ठाति, सो तेन अत्तमनो होति। एत्तावतापि खो, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो बहुकतं होति।
Atha khvāssa notevettha hoti …pe… tassa ce, āvuso, bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato upekkhā kusalanissitā saṇṭhāti, so tena attamano hoti. Ettāvatāpi kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno bahukataṁ hoti.
If, while recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful does become stabilized in them, they’re happy with that. At this point, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
कतमा चावुसो, वायोधातु? वायोधातु सिया अज्झत्तिका, सिया बाहिरा। कतमा चावुसो, अज्झत्तिका वायोधातु? यं अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं वायो वायोगतं उपादिन्नं, सेय्यथिदं—उद्धङ्गमा वाता, अधोगमा वाता, कुच्छिसया वाता, कोट्ठासया वाता, अङ्गमङ्गानुसारिनो वाता, अस्सासो पस्सासो इति, यं वा पनञ्ञम्पि किञ्चि अज्झत्तं पच्चत्तं वायो वायोगतं उपादिन्नं—अयं वुच्चतावुसो, अज्झत्तिका वायोधातु। या चेव खो पन अज्झत्तिका वायोधातु, या च बाहिरा वायोधातु, वायोधातुरेवेसा। ‘तं नेतं मम नेसोहमस्मि न मेसो अत्ताऽति एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दट्ठब्बं। एवमेतं यथाभूतं सम्मप्पञ्ञाय दिस्वा वायोधातुया निब्बिन्दति वायोधातुया चित्तं विराजेति।
Katamā cāvuso, vāyodhātu? Vāyodhātu siyā ajjhattikā, siyā bāhirā. Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā vāyodhātu? Yaṁ ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ vāyo vāyogataṁ upādinnaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—uddhaṅgamā vātā, adhogamā vātā, kucchisayā vātā, koṭṭhāsayā4 vātā, aṅgamaṅgānusārino vātā, assāso passāso iti, yaṁ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṁ paccattaṁ vāyo vāyogataṁ upādinnaṁ—ayaṁ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā vāyodhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā vāyodhātu, yā ca bāhirā vāyodhātu, vāyodhāturevesā. ‘Taṁ netaṁ mama nesohamasmi na meso attā’ti evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṁ. Evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya disvā vāyodhātuyā nibbindati vāyodhātuyā cittaṁ virājeti.
And what is the air element? The air element may be interior or exterior. And what is the interior air element? Anything that’s wind, windy, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This includes: winds that go up or down, winds in the belly or the bowels, winds that flow through the limbs, in-breaths and out-breaths, or anything else that’s wind, windy, and appropriated that’s internal, pertaining to an individual. This is called the interior air element. The interior air element and the exterior air element are just the air element. This should be truly seen with right understanding like this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ When you truly see with right understanding, you reject the air element, detaching the mind from the air element.
होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं बाहिरा वायोधातु पकुप्पति। सा गामम्पि वहति, निगमम्पि वहति, नगरम्पि वहति, जनपदम्पि वहति, जनपदपदेसम्पि वहति। होति खो सो, आवुसो, समयो यं गिम्हानं पच्छिमे मासे तालवण्टेनपि विधूपनेनपि वातं परियेसन्ति, ओस्सवनेपि तिणानि न इच्छन्ति। तस्सा हि नाम, आवुसो, बाहिराय वायोधातुया ताव महल्लिकाय अनिच्चता पञ्ञायिस्सति, खयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, वयधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति, विपरिणामधम्मता पञ्ञायिस्सति। किं पनिमस्स मत्तट्ठकस्स कायस्स तण्हुपादिन्नस्स ‘अहन्ति वा ममन्ति वा अस्मीऽति वा? अथ ख्वास्स नोतेवेत्थ होति।
Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ bāhirā vāyodhātu pakuppati. Sā gāmampi vahati, nigamampi vahati, nagarampi vahati, janapadampi vahati, janapadapadesampi vahati. Hoti kho so, āvuso, samayo yaṁ gimhānaṁ pacchime māse tālavaṇṭenapi vidhūpanenapi vātaṁ pariyesanti, ossavanepi tiṇāni na icchanti. Tassā hi nāma, āvuso, bāhirāya vāyodhātuyā tāva mahallikāya aniccatā paññāyissati, khayadhammatā paññāyissati, vayadhammatā paññāyissati, vipariṇāmadhammatā paññāyissati. Kiṁ panimassa mattaṭṭhakassa kāyassa taṇhupādinnassa ‘ahanti vā mamanti vā asmī’ti vā? Atha khvāssa notevettha hoti.
There comes a time when the exterior air element flares up. It sweeps away villages, towns, cities, countries, and regions. There comes a time, in the last month of summer, when they look for wind by using a palm-leaf or fan, and even the grasses in the drip-fringe of a thatch roof don’t stir. So for all its great age, the air element will be revealed as impermanent, liable to end, vanish, and perish. What then of this ephemeral body appropriated by craving? Rather than take it to be ‘I’ or ‘mine’ or ‘I am’, they still just consider it to be none of these things. …
तञ्चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुं परे अक्कोसन्ति परिभासन्ति रोसेन्ति विहेसेन्ति। सो एवं पजानाति, उप्पन्ना खो मे अयं सोतसम्फस्सजा दुक्खा वेदना। सा च खो पटिच्च, नो अपटिच्च। किं पटिच्च? फस्सं पटिच्च। सोपि फस्सो अनिच्चोति पस्सति, वेदना अनिच्चाति पस्सति, सञ्ञा अनिच्चाति पस्सति, सङ्खारा अनिच्चाति पस्सति, विञ्ञाणं अनिच्चन्ति पस्सति। तस्स धातारम्मणमेव चित्तं पक्खन्दति पसीदति सन्तिट्ठति अधिमुच्चति।
Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṁ pare akkosanti paribhāsanti rosenti vihesenti. So evaṁ pajānāti, uppannā kho me ayaṁ sotasamphassajā dukkhā vedanā. Sā ca kho paṭicca, no apaṭicca. Kiṁ paṭicca? Phassaṁ paṭicca. Sopi phasso aniccoti passati, vedanā aniccāti passati, saññā aniccāti passati, saṅkhārā aniccāti passati, viññāṇaṁ aniccanti passati. Tassa dhātārammaṇameva cittaṁ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati.
If others abuse, attack, harass, and trouble that bhikkhu, they understand: ‘This painful feeling born of ear contact has arisen in me. That’s dependent, not independent. Dependent on what? Dependent on contact. They see that contact, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are impermanent. Based on that element alone, their mind becomes eager, confident, settled, and decided.
तञ्चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुं परे अनिट्ठेहि अकन्तेहि अमनापेहि समुदाचरन्ति, पाणिसम्फस्सेनपि लेड्डुसम्फस्सेनपि दण्डसम्फस्सेनपि सत्थसम्फस्सेनपि। सो एवं पजानाति ‘तथाभूतो खो अयं कायो यथाभूतस्मिं काये पाणिसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति, लेड्डुसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति, दण्डसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति, सत्थसम्फस्सापि कमन्ति। वुत्तं खो पनेतं भगवता ककचूपमोवादे “उभतोदण्डकेन चेपि, भिक्खवे, ककचेन चोरा ओचरका अङ्गमङ्गानि ओकन्तेय्युं। तत्रापि यो मनो पदूसेय्य, न मे सो तेन सासनकरो”ति। आरद्धं खो पन मे वीरियं भविस्सति असल्लीनं, उपट्ठिता सति असम्मुट्ठा, पस्सद्धो कायो असारद्धो, समाहितं चित्तं एकग्गं। कामं दानि इमस्मिं काये पाणिसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, लेड्डुसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, दण्डसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु, सत्थसम्फस्सापि कमन्तु। करीयति हिदं बुद्धानं सासनन्ऽति।
Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṁ pare aniṭṭhehi akantehi amanāpehi samudācaranti, pāṇisamphassenapi leḍḍusamphassenapi daṇḍasamphassenapi satthasamphassenapi. So evaṁ pajānāti ‘tathābhūto kho ayaṁ kāyo yathābhūtasmiṁ kāye pāṇisamphassāpi kamanti, leḍḍusamphassāpi kamanti, daṇḍasamphassāpi kamanti, satthasamphassāpi kamanti. Vuttaṁ kho panetaṁ bhagavatā kakacūpamovāde “ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṁ. Tatrāpi yo mano padūseyya, na me so tena sāsanakaro”ti. Āraddhaṁ kho pana me vīriyaṁ bhavissati asallīnaṁ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṁ cittaṁ ekaggaṁ. Kāmaṁ dāni imasmiṁ kāye pāṇisamphassāpi kamantu, leḍḍusamphassāpi kamantu, daṇḍasamphassāpi kamantu, satthasamphassāpi kamantu. Karīyati hidaṁ buddhānaṁ sāsanan’ti.
Others might treat that bhikkhu with disliking, loathing, and detestation, striking them with fists, stones, sticks, and swords. They understand: ‘This body is such that fists, stones, sticks, and swords strike it. But the Buddha has said in the Simile of the Saw: “Even if low-down bandits were to sever you limb from limb, anyone who had a thought of hate on that account would not be following my instructions.” My energy shall be roused up and unflagging, my mindfulness established and lucid, my body tranquil and undisturbed, and my mind immersed in samādhi. Gladly now, let fists, stones, sticks, and swords strike this body! For this is how the instructions of the Buddhas are followed.’
तस्स चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठाति। सो तेन संविज्जति संवेगं आपज्जति: ‘अलाभा वत मे, न वत मे लाभा; दुल्लद्धं वत मे, न वत मे सुलद्धं। यस्स मे एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठातीऽति। सेय्यथापि, आवुसो, सुणिसा ससुरं दिस्वा संविज्जति संवेगं आपज्जति; एवमेव खो, आवुसो, तस्स चे भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो, उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठाति। सो तेन संविज्जति संवेगं आपज्जति: ‘अलाभा वत मे, न वत मे लाभा; दुल्लद्धं वत मे, न वत मे सुलद्धं। यस्स मे एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो, उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता न सण्ठातीऽति। तस्स चे, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो एवं बुद्धं अनुस्सरतो, एवं धम्मं अनुस्सरतो, एवं सङ्घं अनुस्सरतो, उपेक्खा कुसलनिस्सिता सण्ठाति, सो तेन अत्तमनो होति। एत्तावतापि खो, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो बहुकतं होति।
Tassa ce, āvuso, bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhāti. So tena saṁvijjati saṁvegaṁ āpajjati: ‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṁ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṁ. Yassa me evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhātī’ti. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, suṇisā sasuraṁ disvā saṁvijjati saṁvegaṁ āpajjati; evameva kho, āvuso, tassa ce bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato, upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhāti. So tena saṁvijjati saṁvegaṁ āpajjati: ‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṁ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṁ. Yassa me evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato, upekkhā kusalanissitā na saṇṭhātī’ti. Tassa ce, āvuso, bhikkhuno evaṁ buddhaṁ anussarato, evaṁ dhammaṁ anussarato, evaṁ saṅghaṁ anussarato, upekkhā kusalanissitā saṇṭhāti, so tena attamano hoti. Ettāvatāpi kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno bahukataṁ hoti.
While recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful may not become stabilized in them. In that case they stir up a sense of urgency: ‘It’s my loss, my misfortune, that while recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful does not become stabilized in me.’ They’re like a daughter-in-law who stirs up a sense of urgency when they see their father-in-law. But if, while recollecting the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in this way, equanimity based on the skillful does become stabilized in them, they’re happy with that. At this point, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
सेय्यथापि, आवुसो, कट्ठञ्च पटिच्च वल्लिञ्च पटिच्च तिणञ्च पटिच्च मत्तिकञ्च पटिच्च आकासो परिवारितो अगारन्त्वेव सङ्खं गच्छति; एवमेव खो, आवुसो, अट्ठिञ्च पटिच्च न्हारुञ्च पटिच्च मंसञ्च पटिच्च चम्मञ्च पटिच्च आकासो परिवारितो रूपन्त्वेव सङ्खं गच्छति।
Seyyathāpi, āvuso, kaṭṭhañca paṭicca valliñca paṭicca tiṇañca paṭicca mattikañca paṭicca ākāso parivārito agārantveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati; evameva kho, āvuso, aṭṭhiñca paṭicca nhāruñca paṭicca maṁsañca paṭicca cammañca paṭicca ākāso parivārito rūpantveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati.
When a space is enclosed by sticks, creepers, grass, and mud it becomes known as a ‘building’. In the same way, when a space is enclosed by bones, sinews, flesh, and skin it becomes known as a ‘form’.
अज्झत्तिकञ्चेव, आवुसो, चक्खुं अपरिभिन्नं होति, बाहिरा च रूपा न आपाथं आगच्छन्ति, नो च तज्जो समन्नाहारो होति, नेव ताव तज्जस्स विञ्ञाणभागस्स पातुभावो होति। अज्झत्तिकञ्चेव, आवुसो, चक्खुं अपरिभिन्नं होति बाहिरा च रूपा आपाथं आगच्छन्ति, नो च तज्जो समन्नाहारो होति, नेव ताव तज्जस्स विञ्ञाणभागस्स पातुभावो होति। यतो च खो, आवुसो, अज्झत्तिकञ्चेव चक्खुं अपरिभिन्नं होति, बाहिरा च रूपा आपाथं आगच्छन्ति, तज्जो च समन्नाहारो होति। एवं तज्जस्स विञ्ञाणभागस्स पातुभावो होति।
Ajjhattikañceva, āvuso, cakkhuṁ aparibhinnaṁ hoti, bāhirā ca rūpā na āpāthaṁ āgacchanti, no ca tajjo samannāhāro hoti, neva tāva tajjassa viññāṇabhāgassa pātubhāvo hoti. Ajjhattikañceva, āvuso, cakkhuṁ aparibhinnaṁ hoti bāhirā ca rūpā āpāthaṁ āgacchanti, no ca tajjo samannāhāro hoti, neva tāva tajjassa viññāṇabhāgassa pātubhāvo hoti. Yato ca kho, āvuso, ajjhattikañceva cakkhuṁ aparibhinnaṁ hoti, bāhirā ca rūpā āpāthaṁ āgacchanti, tajjo ca samannāhāro hoti. Evaṁ tajjassa viññāṇabhāgassa pātubhāvo hoti.
Friends, though the eye is intact internally, so long as exterior sights don’t come into range and there’s no corresponding engagement, there’s no manifestation of the corresponding type of consciousness. Though the eye is intact internally and exterior sights come into range, so long as there’s no corresponding engagement, there’s no manifestation of the corresponding type of consciousness. But when the eye is intact internally and exterior sights come into range and there is corresponding engagement, there is the manifestation of the corresponding type of consciousness.
यं तथाभूतस्स रूपं तं रूपुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति, या तथाभूतस्स वेदना सा वेदनुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति, या तथाभूतस्स सञ्ञा सा सञ्ञुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति, ये तथाभूतस्स सङ्खारा ते सङ्खारुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छन्ति, यं तथाभूतस्स विञ्ञाणं तं विञ्ञाणुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति।
Yaṁ tathābhūtassa rūpaṁ taṁ rūpupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati, yā tathābhūtassa vedanā sā vedanupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati, yā tathābhūtassa saññā sā saññupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati, ye tathābhūtassa saṅkhārā te saṅkhārupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchanti, yaṁ tathābhūtassa viññāṇaṁ taṁ viññāṇupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati.
The form produced in this way is included in the grasping aggregate of form. The feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness produced in this way are each included in the corresponding grasping aggregate.
सो एवं पजानाति: ‘एवञ्हि किर इमेसं पञ्चन्नं उपादानक्खन्धानं सङ्गहो सन्निपातो समवायो होति। वुत्तं खो पनेतं भगवता: “यो पटिच्चसमुप्पादं पस्सति सो धम्मं पस्सति; यो धम्मं पस्सति सो पटिच्चसमुप्पादं पस्सती”ति। पटिच्चसमुप्पन्ना खो पनिमे यदिदं पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा। यो इमेसु पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु छन्दो आलयो अनुनयो अज्झोसानं सो दुक्खसमुदयो। यो इमेसु पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु छन्दरागविनयो छन्दरागप्पहानं, सो दुक्खनिरोधोऽति। एत्तावतापि खो, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो बहुकतं होति।
So evaṁ pajānāti: ‘evañhi kira imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upādānakkhandhānaṁ saṅgaho sannipāto samavāyo hoti. Vuttaṁ kho panetaṁ bhagavatā: “yo paṭiccasamuppādaṁ passati so dhammaṁ passati; yo dhammaṁ passati so paṭiccasamuppādaṁ passatī”ti. Paṭiccasamuppannā kho panime yadidaṁ pañcupādānakkhandhā. Yo imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu chando ālayo anunayo ajjhosānaṁ so dukkhasamudayo. Yo imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṁ, so dukkhanirodho’ti. Ettāvatāpi kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno bahukataṁ hoti.
They understand: ‘So this is how there comes to be inclusion, gathering together, and joining together into these five grasping aggregates. But the Buddha has said: “One who sees dependent origination sees the teaching. One who sees the teaching sees dependent origination.” And these five grasping aggregates are indeed dependently originated. The desire, clinging, attraction, and attachment for these five grasping aggregates is the origin of suffering. Giving up and getting rid of desire and greed for these five grasping aggregates is the cessation of suffering.’ At this point, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
अज्झत्तिकञ्चेव, आवुसो, सोतं अपरिभिन्नं होति …पे… घानं अपरिभिन्नं होति … जिव्हा अपरिभिन्ना होति … कायो अपरिभिन्नो होति … मनो अपरिभिन्नो होति, बाहिरा च धम्मा न आपाथं आगच्छन्ति नो च तज्जो समन्नाहारो होति, नेव ताव तज्जस्स विञ्ञाणभागस्स पातुभावो होति।
Ajjhattikañceva, āvuso, sotaṁ aparibhinnaṁ hoti …pe… ghānaṁ aparibhinnaṁ hoti … jivhā aparibhinnā hoti … kāyo aparibhinno hoti … mano aparibhinno hoti, bāhirā ca dhammā na āpāthaṁ āgacchanti no ca tajjo samannāhāro hoti, neva tāva tajjassa viññāṇabhāgassa pātubhāvo hoti.
Though the ear … nose … tongue … body … mind is intact internally, so long as exterior thoughts don’t come into range and there’s no corresponding engagement, there’s no manifestation of the corresponding type of consciousness.
अज्झत्तिको चेव, आवुसो, मनो अपरिभिन्नो होति, बाहिरा च धम्मा आपाथं आगच्छन्ति, नो च तज्जो समन्नाहारो होति, नेव ताव तज्जस्स विञ्ञाणभागस्स पातुभावो होति। यतो च खो, आवुसो, अज्झत्तिको चेव मनो अपरिभिन्नो होति, बाहिरा च धम्मा आपाथं आगच्छन्ति, तज्जो च समन्नाहारो होति, एवं तज्जस्स विञ्ञाणभागस्स पातुभावो होति।
Ajjhattiko ceva, āvuso, mano aparibhinno hoti, bāhirā ca dhammā āpāthaṁ āgacchanti, no ca tajjo samannāhāro hoti, neva tāva tajjassa viññāṇabhāgassa pātubhāvo hoti. Yato ca kho, āvuso, ajjhattiko ceva mano aparibhinno hoti, bāhirā ca dhammā āpāthaṁ āgacchanti, tajjo ca samannāhāro hoti, evaṁ tajjassa viññāṇabhāgassa pātubhāvo hoti.
Though the mind is intact internally and exterior thoughts come into range, so long as there’s no corresponding engagement, there’s no manifestation of the corresponding type of consciousness. But when the mind is intact internally and exterior thoughts come into range and there is corresponding engagement, there is the manifestation of the corresponding type of consciousness.
यं तथाभूतस्स रूपं तं रूपुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति, या तथाभूतस्स वेदना सा वेदनुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति, या तथाभूतस्स सञ्ञा सा सञ्ञुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति, ये तथाभूतस्स सङ्खारा ते सङ्खारुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छन्ति, यं तथाभूतस्स विञ्ञाणं तं विञ्ञाणुपादानक्खन्धे सङ्गहं गच्छति। सो एवं पजानाति: ‘एवञ्हि किर इमेसं पञ्चन्नं उपादानक्खन्धानं सङ्गहो सन्निपातो समवायो होति।
Yaṁ tathābhūtassa rūpaṁ taṁ rūpupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati, yā tathābhūtassa vedanā sā vedanupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati, yā tathābhūtassa saññā sā saññupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati, ye tathābhūtassa saṅkhārā te saṅkhārupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchanti, yaṁ tathābhūtassa viññāṇaṁ taṁ viññāṇupādānakkhandhe saṅgahaṁ gacchati. So evaṁ pajānāti: ‘evañhi kira imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upādānakkhandhānaṁ saṅgaho sannipāto samavāyo hoti.
The form produced in this way is included in the grasping aggregate of form. The feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness produced in this way are each included in the corresponding grasping aggregate. They understand: ‘So this is how there comes to be inclusion, gathering together, and joining together into these five grasping aggregates.
वुत्तं खो पनेतं भगवता: “यो पटिच्चसमुप्पादं पस्सति सो धम्मं पस्सति; यो धम्मं पस्सति सो पटिच्चसमुप्पादं पस्सती”ति। पटिच्चसमुप्पन्ना खो पनिमे यदिदं पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा। यो इमेसु पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु छन्दो आलयो अनुनयो अज्झोसानं सो दुक्खसमुदयो। यो इमेसु पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु छन्दरागविनयो छन्दरागप्पहानं सो दुक्खनिरोधोऽति। एत्तावतापि खो, आवुसो, भिक्खुनो बहुकतं होती”ति।
Vuttaṁ kho panetaṁ bhagavatā: “yo paṭiccasamuppādaṁ passati so dhammaṁ passati; yo dhammaṁ passati so paṭiccasamuppādaṁ passatī”ti. Paṭiccasamuppannā kho panime yadidaṁ pañcupādānakkhandhā. Yo imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu chando ālayo anunayo ajjhosānaṁ so dukkhasamudayo. Yo imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṁ so dukkhanirodho’ti. Ettāvatāpi kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno bahukataṁ hotī”ti.
But the Buddha has also said: “One who sees dependent origination sees the teaching. One who sees the teaching sees dependent origination.” And these five grasping aggregates are indeed dependently originated. The desire, clinging, attraction, and attachment for these five grasping aggregates is the origin of suffering. Giving up and getting rid of desire and greed for these five grasping aggregates is the cessation of suffering.’ At this point, much has been done by that bhikkhu.”
इदमवोच आयस्मा सारिपुत्तो। अत्तमना ते भिक्खू आयस्मतो सारिपुत्तस्स भासितं अभिनन्दुन्ति।
Idamavoca āyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
That’s what Venerable Sāriputta said. Satisfied, the bhikkhus approved what Sāriputta said.
महाहत्थिपदोपमसुत्तं निट्ठितं अट्ठमं।
Mahāhatthipadopamasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Majjhima Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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