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MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Nouns denoting stable states of affairs
Hypernyms ("muscular dystrophy" is a kind of...):
congenital disease; genetic abnormality; genetic defect; genetic disease; genetic disorder; hereditary condition; hereditary disease; inherited disease; inherited disorder (a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "muscular dystrophy"):
Becker muscular dystrophy (a form of muscular dystrophy that sets in in adolescence or adulthood and progresses slowly but will affect all voluntary muscles; characterized by generalized weakness and muscle wasting that affects limb and trunk muscles first; similar to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy but less severe; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males))
distal muscular dystrophy (a form of muscular dystrophy that sets in between 40 and 60 years of age and is characterized by weakness and wasting of the muscles of the hands and forearms and lower legs; inheritance is autosomal dominant)
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy; pseudohypertrophic dystrophy (the most common form of muscular dystrophy; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males))
limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy that appears anywhere from late childhood to middle age; characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle; usually progresses slowly with cardiopulmonary complications in the later stages)
myotonia atrophica; myotonic dystrophy; myotonic muscular dystrophy; Steinert's disease (a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by generalized weakness and muscular wasting that affects the face and feet and hands and neck; difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips; the onset can be any time from birth to middle age and the progression is slow; inheritance is autosomal dominant)
oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (a form of muscular dystrophy that usually begins between early adulthood and middle age and first affects muscles of the eyelid and throat; progresses slowly with swallowing problems common as the disease progresses; inheritance is autosomal dominant)
Context examples:
Mutations in the muscle specific calpain p94 lead to Limb Girdle muscular dystrophy 2A (LGMD2A).
(Calpain-2 Cell Motility Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
It is not a manifestation of another disorder that may cause hypotonia (e.g., cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy).
(Benign Congenital Hypotonia, NCI Thesaurus)
Translocations may lead to medical problems such as leukemia, breast cancer, schizophrenia, muscular dystrophy, and Down syndrome.
(Chromosomal Translocation Process, NCI Dictionary)
Mutation of the gene is associated with cardiomyopathy dilated X-linked type 3B and with both the Duchenne and Becker types of muscular dystrophy.
(DMD wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
It is characterized by myotonia, muscular dystrophy, hypogonadism, heart conduction defects and cataracts.
(Dystrophia Myotonica 1, NCI Thesaurus)
Examples include Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
(Muscular Dystrophy, NCI Thesaurus)
Mutation of the gene is associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1E.
(DNAJB6 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Causes of muscle disorders include: • Injury or overuse, such as sprains or strains, cramps or tendinitis • A genetic disorder, such as muscular dystrophy • Some cancers • Inflammation, such as myositis • Diseases of nerves that affect muscles • Infections • Certain medicines
(Muscle Disorders, NIH)
Such protective mechanisms could one day help better understand how heart and skeletal muscle function under both healthy and unhealthy conditions, such as with heart disease, mitochondrial diseases, and muscular dystrophy, the researchers say.
(Researchers discover mitochondrial “circuit breaker” that protects heart from damage, NIH)
Major types include: • Diseases caused by faulty genes, such as Huntington's disease and muscular dystrophy • Problems with the way the nervous system develops, such as spina bifida • Degenerative diseases, where nerve cells are damaged or die, such as Parkinson's diseaseand Alzheimer's disease • Diseases of the blood vessels that supply the brain, such as stroke • Injuries to the spinal cord and brain • Seizure disorders, such as epilepsy • Cancer, such as brain tumors • infections, such as meningitis
(Neurologic Diseases, NIH)
