10. Nadīsotasuttavaṇṇanā

109. Dasame seyyathāpīti opammadassanatthe nipāto, yathā nāmāti attho. Nadiyā sotena ovuyheyyāti sīghasotāya hārahāriniyā nadiyā udakavegena heṭṭhato vuyheyya adho hariyetha. Piyarūpasātarūpenāti piyasabhāvena sātasabhāvena ca kāraṇabhūtena, tassaṃ nadiyaṃ tassā vā paratīre maṇisuvaṇṇādi aññaṃ vā piyavatthu vittūpakaraṇaṃ atthi, taṃ gahessāmīti nadiyaṃ patitvā sotena avakaḍḍheyya. Kiñcāpīti anujānanaasambhāvanatthe nipāto. Kiṃ anujānāti, kiṃ na sambhāveti? Tena purisena adhippetassa piyavatthussa tattha atthibhāvaṃ anujānāti, tathāgamanaṃ pana ādīnavavantatāya na sambhāveti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ambho, purisa , yadipi tayā adhippetaṃ piyavatthu tattha upalabbhati, evaṃ gamane pana ayamādīnavo, yaṃ tvaṃ heṭṭhā rahadaṃ patvā maraṇaṃ maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ pāpuṇeyyāsīti.

Atthi cettha heṭṭhā rahadoti etissā nadiyā heṭṭhā anusotabhāge ativiya gambhīravitthato eko mahāsaro atthi. So ca samantato vātābhighātasamuṭṭhitāhi maṇimayapabbatakūṭasannibhāhi mahatīhi ūmīhi vīcīhi saūmi, visamesu bhūmippadesesu savegaṃ anupakkhandantena imissā tāva nadiyā mahoghena tahiṃ tahiṃ āvaṭṭamānavipulajalatāya balavāmukhasadisehi saha āvaṭṭehīti sāvaṭṭo. Taṃ rahadaṃ otiṇṇasatteyeva attano nibaddhāmisagocare katvā ajjhāvasantena ativiya bhayānakadassanena ghoracetasā dakarakkhasena sagaho sarakkhaso, caṇḍamacchamakarādinā vā sagaho, yathāvuttarakkhasena sarakkhaso.

Yanti evaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ yaṃ rahadaṃ. Ambho purisāti ālapanaṃ. Maraṇaṃ vā nigacchasīti tāhi vā ūmīhi ajjhotthaṭo, tesu vā āvaṭṭesu nipatito sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ asakkonto tesaṃ vā caṇḍamacchamakarādīnaṃ mukhe nipatito. Tassa vā dakarakkhasassa hatthaṃ gato maraṇaṃ vā gamissasi, atha vā pana āyusese sati tato muccitvā apagacchanto tehi ūmiādīhi janitaghaṭṭitavasena maraṇamattaṃ maraṇappamāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. Paṭisotaṃ vāyameyyāti so pubbe anusotaṃ vuyhamāno tassa purisassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘anattho kira me upaṭṭhito, maccumukhe kirāhaṃ parivattāmī’’ti uppannabalavabhayo sambhamanto diguṇaṃ katvā ussāhaṃ hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyameyya tareyya, na cireneva tīraṃ sampāpuṇeyya.

Atthassaviññāpanāyāti catusaccapaṭivedhānukūlassa atthassa sambodhanāya upamā katā. Ayañcettha atthoti ayameva idāni vuccamāno idha mayā adhippeto upameyyattho, yassa viññāpanāya upamā āhaṭā.

Taṇhāyetaṃ adhivacananti ettha catūhi ākārehi taṇhāya sotasadisatā veditabbā anukkamaparivuḍḍhito anuppabandhato osīdāpanato duruttaraṇato ca. Yathā hi upari mahāmeghe abhippavuṭṭhe udakaṃ pabbatakandarapadarasākhāyo pūretvā tato bhassitvā kusubbhe pūretvā tato bhassitvā kunnadiyo pūretvā tato mahānadiyo pakkhanditvā ekoghaṃ hutvā pavattamānaṃ ‘‘nadīsoto’’ti vuccati, evameva ajjhattikabāhirādivasena anekabhedesu rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu lobho uppajjitvā anukkamena parivuḍḍhiṃ gacchanto ‘‘taṇhāsoto’’ti vuccati, yathā ca nadīsoto āgamanato yāva samuddappatti, tāva sati vicchedapaccayābhāve avicchijjamāno anuppabandhena pavattati, evaṃ taṇhāsotopi āgamanato paṭṭhāya asati vicchedapaccaye avicchijjamāno apāyasamuddābhimukho anuppabandhena pavattati. Yathā pana nadīsoto tadantogadhe satte osīdāpeti, sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na deti, maraṇaṃ vā maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ pāpeti, evaṃ taṇhāsotopi attano sotantogate satte osīdāpeti, paññāsīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na deti, kusalamūlacchedanena saṃkilesadhammasamāpajjanena ca maraṇaṃ vā maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ pāpeti.

Yathā ca nadiyā soto mahoghabhāvena pavattamāno uḷumpaṃ vā nāvaṃ vā bandhituṃ netuñca chekaṃ purisaṃ nissāya paratīraṃ gantuṃ ajjhāsayaṃ katvā tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ karontena taritabbo, na yena vā tena vāti duruttaro, evaṃ taṇhāsotopi kāmoghabhavoghabhūto sīlasaṃvaraṃ pūretuṃ samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘nipakena arahattaṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti ajjhāsayaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā kalyāṇamitte nissāya samathavipassanānāvaṃ abhiruhitvā sammāvāyāmaṃ karontena taritabbo, na yena vā tena vāti duruttaro. Evaṃ anukkamaparivuḍḍhito anuppabandhato osīdāpanato duruttaraṇatoti catūhi ākārehi taṇhāya nadīsotasadisatā veditabbā.

Piyarūpaṃsātarūpanti piyajātikaṃ piyasabhāvaṃ piyarūpaṃ, madhurajātikaṃ madhurasabhāvaṃ sātarūpaṃ, iṭṭhasabhāvanti attho. Channetanti channaṃ etaṃ. Ajjhattikānanti ettha ‘‘evaṃ mayaṃ attāti gahaṇaṃ gamissāmā’’ti iminā viya adhippāyena attānaṃ adhikāraṃ katvā pavattānīti ajjhattikāni. Tattha gocarajjhattaṃ, niyakajjhattaṃ, visayajjhattaṃ, ajjhattajjhattanti catubbidhaṃ ajjhattaṃ. Tesu ‘‘ajjhattarato samāhito’’ti evamādīsu (dha. pa. 362) vuttaṃ idaṃ gocarajjhattaṃ nāma. ‘‘Ajjhattaṃ sampasādana’’nti (dī. ni. 1.228; dha. sa. 161) āgataṃ idaṃ niyakajjhattaṃ nāma. ‘‘Sabbanimittānaṃ amanasikārā ajjhattaṃ suññataṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.187) evamāgataṃ idaṃ visayajjhattaṃ nāma. ‘‘Ajjhattikā dhammā, bāhirā dhammā’’ti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 20) ettha vuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ ajjhattajjhattaṃ nāma. Idhāpi etadeva adhippetaṃ, tasmā ajjhattāniyeva ajjhattikāni. Atha vā yathāvutteneva atthena ‘‘ajjhattā dhammā, bahiddhā dhammā’’tiādīsu viya tesu ajjhattesu bhavāni ajjhattikāni, cakkhādīni. Tesaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ.

Āyatanānanti ettha āyatanato, āyānaṃ tananato, āyatassa ca nayanato āyatanānīti . Cakkhādīsu hi taṃtaṃdvāravatthukā cittacetasikā dhammā sakena sakena anubhavanādinā kiccena āyatanti uṭṭhahanti ghaṭanti vāyamanti, te ca āyabhūte dhamme etāni tanonti vitthārenti , yañca anamatagge saṃsāre pavattaṃ ativiya āyataṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ, taṃ nayanti pavattenti. Iti sabbathāpime dhammā āyatanato, āyānaṃ tananato, āyatassa ca nayanato āyatanānīti vuccanti. Apica nivāsaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, ākaraṭṭhena, samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, sañjātidesaṭṭhena, kāraṇaṭṭhena ca āyatanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi loke ‘‘issarāyatanaṃ devāyatana’’ntiādīsu nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ āyatananti vuccati. ‘‘Suvaṇṇāyatanaṃ rajatāyatana’’ntiādīsu ākaro. Sāsane pana ‘‘manorame āyatane, sevanti naṃ vihaṅgamā’’tiādīsu samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Dakkhiṇāpatho gunnaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīsu sañjātideso. ‘‘Tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.158; a. ni. 3.102) kāraṇaṃ āyatananti vuccati. Cakkhādīsu ca te te cittacetasikā dhammā nivasanti tadāyattavuttitāyāti cakkhādayo tesaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha ca te ākiṇṇā tannissitattāti te nesaṃ ākaro, samosaraṇaṭṭhānañca tattha vatthudvārabhāvena samosaraṇato, sañjātideso ca tannissayabhāvena tesaṃ tattheva uppattito, kāraṇañca tadabhāve tesaṃ abhāvatoti. Iti nivāsaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, ākaraṭṭhena, samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, sañjātidesaṭṭhena, kāraṇaṭṭhenāti imehi kāraṇehi cakkhādīni āyatanānīti vuccanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanāna’’nti.

Yadipi rūpādayopi dhammā ‘‘rūpaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti taṇhāvatthubhāvato piyarūpasātarūpabhāvena vuttā. Cakkhādike pana muñcitvā attabhāvapaññattiyā abhāvato ‘‘mama cakkhu mama sota’’ntiādinā adhikasinehavatthubhāvena cakkhādayo sātisayaṃ piyarūpaṃ sātarūpanti niddesaṃ arahantīti dassetuṃ ‘‘piyarūpaṃ sātarūpanti kho, bhikkhave, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacana’’nti vuttaṃ.

Orambhāgiyānanti ettha oraṃ vuccati kāmadhātu, tappariyāpannā orambhāgā, paccayabhāvena tesaṃ hitāti orambhāgiyā. Yassa saṃvijjanti, taṃ puggalaṃ vaṭṭasmiṃ saṃyojenti bandhantīti saṃyojanāni. Sakkāyadiṭṭhivicikicchāsīlabbataparāmāsakāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Te hi kāmabhavūpagānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ paccayā hutvā rūpārūpadhātuto heṭṭhābhāvena nihīnabhāvena orambhāgabhūtena kāmabhavena satte saṃyojenti. Eteneva tesaṃ heṭṭhārahadasadisatā dīpitāti daṭṭhabbā. Ūmibhayantikho, bhikkhave, kodhupāyāsassetaṃ adhivacananti bhāyati etasmāti bhayaṃ, ūmi eva bhayanti ūmibhayaṃ. Kujjhanaṭṭhena kodho, sveva cittassa sarīrassa ca abhippamaddanapavedhanuppādanena daḷhaṃ āyāsanaṭṭhena upāyāso.

Ettha ca anekavāraṃ pavattitvā attanā samavetaṃ sattaṃ ajjhottharitvā sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ adatvā anayabyasanāpādanena kodhupāyāsassa ūmisadisatā daṭṭhabbā. Tathā kāmaguṇānaṃ kilesābhibhūte satte ito ca etto, etto ca itoti evaṃ manāpiyarūpādivisayasaṅkhāte attani saṃsāretvā yathā tato bahibhūte nekkhamme cittampi na uppajjati evaṃ āvaṭṭetvā byasanāpādanena āvaṭṭasadisatā daṭṭhabbā. Yathā pana gaharakkhasopi ārakkharahitaṃ attano gocarabhūmigataṃ purisaṃ abhibhuyya gahetvā agocare ṭhitampi rakkhasamāyāya gocaraṃ netvā bheravarūpadassanādinā avasaṃ attano upakāraṃ kātuṃ asamatthaṃ katvā anvāvisitvā vaṇṇabalabhogayasasukhehipi viyojento mahantaṃ anayabyasanaṃ āpādeti, evaṃ mātugāmopi yonisomanasikārarahitaṃ avīrapurisaṃ itthikuttabhūtehi attano hāvabhāvavilāsehi abhibhuyya gahetvā vīrajātiyampi attano rūpādīhi palobhanavasena itthimāyāya anvāvisitvā avasaṃ attano upakāradhamme sīlādayo sampādetuṃ asamatthaṃ karonto guṇavaṇṇādīhi viyojetvā mahantaṃ anayabyasanaṃ āpādeti, evaṃ mātugāmassa gaharakkhasasadisatā daṭṭhabbā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘āvaṭṭanti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, gaharakkhasoti kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti.

Paṭisototi kho bhikkhave nekkhammassetaṃ adhivacananti ettha pabbajjā saha upacārena paṭhamajjhānaṃ vipassanāpaññā ca nibbānañca nekkhammaṃ nāma. Sabbepi kusalā dhammā nekkhammaṃ nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Pabbajjā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, nibbānañca vipassanā;

Sabbepi kusalā dhammā, nekkhammanti pavuccare’’ti.

Imesaṃ pana pabbajjādīnaṃ taṇhāsotassa paṭilomato paṭisotasadisatā veditabbā. Avisesena hi dhammavinayo nekkhammaṃ, tassa adhiṭṭhānaṃ pabbajjā ca, dhammavinayo ca taṇhāsotassa paṭisotaṃ vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ;

Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvutā’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.65; ma. ni. 1.281; saṃ. ni. 1.172);

Vīriyārambhassāti catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyassa. Tassa kāmoghādibhedataṇhāsotasantaraṇassa hatthehi pādehi caturaṅganadīsotasantaraṇavāyāmassa sadisatā pākaṭāyeva. Tathā nadīsotassa tīre ṭhitassa cakkhumato purisassa kāmādiṃ catubbidhampi oghaṃ taritvā tassa paratīrabhūte nibbānathale ṭhitassa pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumato bhagavato sadisabhāvo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cakkhumā puriso…pe… sammāsambuddhassā’’ti.

Tatridaṃ opammasaṃsandanaṃ – nadīsoto viya anuppabandhavasena pavattamāno taṇhāsoto, tena vuyhamāno puriso viya anamatagge saṃsāravaṭṭe paribbhamanato taṇhāsotena vuyhamāno satto, tassa tattha piyarūpasātarūpavatthusmiṃ abhiniveso viya imassa cakkhādīsu abhiniveso, saūmisāvaṭṭasagaharakkhaso heṭṭhārahado viya kodhupāyāsapañcakāmaguṇamātugāmasamākulo pañcorambhāgiyasaṃyojanasamūho, tamatthaṃ yathābhūtaṃ viditvā tassa nadīsotassa paratīre ṭhito cakkhumā puriso viya sakalaṃ saṃsārādīnavaṃ sabbañca ñeyyadhammaṃ yathābhūtaṃ viditvā taṇhāsotassa paratīrabhūte nibbānathale ṭhito samantacakkhu bhagavā, tassa purisassa tasmiṃ nadiyā sotena vuyhamāne purise anukampāya rahadassa rahadādīnavassa ca ācikkhanaṃ viya taṇhāsotena vuyhamānassa sattassa mahākaruṇāya bhagavato taṇhādīnaṃ tadādīnavassa ca vibhāvanā, tassa vacanaṃ asaddahitvā anusotagāmino tassa purisassa tasmiṃ rahade maraṇappattimaraṇamattadukkhappattiyo viya bhagavato vacanaṃ asampaṭicchantassa apāyuppatti, sugatiyaṃ dukkhuppatti ca, tassa pana vacanaṃ saddahitvā hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyāmakaraṇaṃ viya tena ca vāyāmena paratīraṃ patvā sukhena yathicchitaṭṭhānagamanaṃ viya bhagavato vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā taṇhādīsu ādīnavaṃ passitvā taṇhāsotassa paṭisotapabbajjādinekkhammavasena vīriyārambho, āraddhavīriyassa ca teneva vīriyārambhena taṇhāsotātikkamanaṃ nibbānatīraṃ patvā arahattaphalasamāpattivasena yathāruci sukhavihāroti.

Gāthāsu sahāpi dukkhena jaheyya kāmeti jhānamaggādhigamatthaṃ samathavipassanānuyogaṃ karonto bhikkhu yadipi tesaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadā kicchena kasirena sampajjati, na sukhena vīthiṃ otarati pubbabhāgabhāvanāya kilesānaṃ balavabhāvato, indriyānaṃ vā atikkhabhāvato. Tathā sati sahāpi dukkhena jaheyya kāme, paṭhamajjhānena vikkhambhento tatiyamaggena samucchindanto kilesakāme pajaheyya. Etena dukkhapaṭipade jhānamagge dasseti.

Yogakkhemaṃ āyatiṃ patthayānoti anāgāmitaṃ arahattaṃ icchanto ākaṅkhamāno. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – yadipi etarahi kicchena kasirena jhānapurimamagge adhigacchāmi, ime pana nissāya upari arahattaṃ adhigantvā katakicco pahīnasabbadukkho bhavissāmīti sahāpi dukkhena jhānādīhi kāme pajaheyyāti. Atha vā yo kāmavitakkabahulo puggalo kalyāṇamittassa vasena pabbajjaṃ sīlavisodhanaṃ jhānādīnaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipattiṃ vā paṭipajjanto kicchena kasirena assumukho rodamāno taṃ vitakkaṃ vikkhambheti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘sahāpi dukkhena jaheyya kāme’’ti. So hi kicchenapi kāme pajahanto jhānaṃ nibbattetvā taṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto anukkamena arahatte patiṭṭhaheyya. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yogakkhemaṃ āyatiṃ patthayāno’’ti.

Sammappajānoti vipassanāsahitāya maggapaññāya sammadeva pajānanto. Suvimuttacittoti tassa ariyamaggādhigamassa anantaraṃ phalavimuttiyā suṭṭhu vimuttacitto. Vimuttiyā phassaye tattha tatthāti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ maggaphalādhigamanakāle vimuttiṃ nibbānaṃ phassaye phuseyya pāpuṇeyya adhigaccheyya sacchikareyya. Upayogatthe hi ‘‘vimuttiyā’’ti idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Vimuttiyā vā ārammaṇabhūtāya tattha tattha taṃtaṃphalasamāpattikāle attano phalacittaṃ phassaye phuseyya pāpuṇeyya, nibbānogadhāya phalasamāpattiyā vihareyyāti attho. Sa vedagūti so vedasaṅkhātena maggañāṇena catunnaṃ saccānaṃ gatattā paṭividdhattā vedagū. Lokantagūti khandhalokassa pariyantaṃ gato. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Dasamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.