| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Majjhima Nikāya, English translation |
मज्झिम निकाय २
Majjhima Nikāya 2
The Middle-Length Suttas Collection 2
सब्बासवसुत्त
Sabbāsavasutta
All the Defilements
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा सावत्थियं विहरति जेतवने अनाथपिण्डिकस्स आरामे। तत्र खो भगवा भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “भिक्खवो”ति।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhus, “Bhikkhus!”
“भदन्ते”ति ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
“सब्बासवसंवरपरियायं वो, भिक्खवे, देसेस्सामि। तं सुणाथ, साधुकं मनसि करोथ, भासिस्सामी”ति।
“sabbāsavasaṁvarapariyāyaṁ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi. Taṁ suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.
“Bhikkhus, I will teach you the explanation of the restraint of all defilements. Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”
“एवं, भन्ते”ति खो ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:
“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Yes, sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
“जानतो अहं, भिक्खवे, पस्सतो आसवानं खयं वदामि, नो अजानतो नो अपस्सतो। किञ्च, भिक्खवे, जानतो किञ्च पस्सतो आसवानं खयं वदामि? योनिसो च मनसिकारं अयोनिसो च मनसिकारं। अयोनिसो, भिक्खवे, मनसिकरोतो अनुप्पन्ना चेव आसवा उप्पज्जन्ति, उप्पन्ना च आसवा पवड्ढन्ति; योनिसो च खो, भिक्खवे, मनसिकरोतो अनुप्पन्ना चेव आसवा न उप्पज्जन्ति, उप्पन्ना च आसवा पहीयन्ति।
“Jānato ahaṁ, bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṁ khayaṁ vadāmi, no ajānato no apassato. Kiñca, bhikkhave, jānato kiñca passato āsavānaṁ khayaṁ vadāmi? Yoniso ca manasikāraṁ ayoniso ca manasikāraṁ. Ayoniso, bhikkhave, manasikaroto anuppannā ceva āsavā uppajjanti, uppannā ca āsavā pavaḍḍhanti; yoniso ca kho, bhikkhave, manasikaroto anuppannā ceva āsavā na uppajjanti, uppannā ca āsavā pahīyanti.
“Bhikkhus, I say that the ending of defilements is for one who knows and sees, not for one who does not know or see. For one who knows and sees what? Rational application of mind and irrational application of mind. When you apply the mind irrationally, defilements arise, and once arisen they grow. When you apply the mind rationally, defilements don’t arise, and those that have already arisen are given up.
अत्थि, भिक्खवे, आसवा दस्सना पहातब्बा, अत्थि आसवा संवरा पहातब्बा, अत्थि आसवा पटिसेवना पहातब्बा, अत्थि आसवा अधिवासना पहातब्बा, अत्थि आसवा परिवज्जना पहातब्बा, अत्थि आसवा विनोदना पहातब्बा, अत्थि आसवा भावना पहातब्बा।
Atthi, bhikkhave, āsavā dassanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā saṁvarā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā.
Some defilements should be given up by seeing, some by restraint, some by using, some by enduring, some by avoiding, some by dispelling, and some by developing.
१। दस्सनापहातब्बआसव
1. Dassanāpahātabbaāsava
1. Defilements Given Up by Seeing
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा दस्सना पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, अस्सुतवा पुथुज्जनो अरियानं अदस्सावी अरियधम्मस्स अकोविदो अरियधम्मे अविनीतो, सप्पुरिसानं अदस्सावी सप्पुरिसधम्मस्स अकोविदो सप्पुरिसधम्मे अविनीतो—मनसिकरणीये धम्मे नप्पजानाति, अमनसिकरणीये धम्मे नप्पजानाति। सो मनसिकरणीये धम्मे अप्पजानन्तो अमनसिकरणीये धम्मे अप्पजानन्तो, ये धम्मा न मनसिकरणीया, ते धम्मे मनसि करोति, ये धम्मा मनसिकरणीया ते धम्मे न मनसि करोति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā dassanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṁ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṁ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto—manasikaraṇīye dhamme nappajānāti, amanasikaraṇīye dhamme nappajānāti. So manasikaraṇīye dhamme appajānanto amanasikaraṇīye dhamme appajānanto, ye dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā, te dhamme manasi karoti, ye dhammā manasikaraṇīyā te dhamme na manasi karoti.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by seeing? Take an unlearned ordinary person who has not seen the noble ones, and is neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve not seen good persons, and are neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the good persons. They don’t understand to which things they should apply the mind and to which things they should not apply the mind. So they apply the mind to things they shouldn’t and don’t apply the mind to things they should.
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, धम्मा न मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे मनसि करोति? यस्स, भिक्खवे, धम्मे मनसिकरोतो अनुप्पन्नो वा कामासवो उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा कामासवो पवड्ढति; अनुप्पन्नो वा भवासवो उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा भवासवो पवड्ढति; अनुप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो पवड्ढति—इमे धम्मा न मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे मनसि करोति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pavaḍḍhati—ime dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti.
And what are the things to which they apply the mind but should not? They are the things that, when the mind is applied to them, give rise to unarisen defilements and make arisen defilements grow: the defilements of sensual desire, desire to be reborn, and ignorance. These are the things to which they apply the mind but should not.
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, धम्मा मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे न मनसि करोति? यस्स, भिक्खवे, धम्मे मनसिकरोतो अनुप्पन्नो वा कामासवो न उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा कामासवो पहीयति; अनुप्पन्नो वा भवासवो न उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा भवासवो पहीयति; अनुप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो न उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो पहीयति—इमे धम्मा मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे न मनसि करोति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme na manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pahīyati—ime dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme na manasi karoti.
And what are the things to which they do not apply the mind but should? They are the things that, when the mind is applied to them, do not give rise to unarisen defilements and give up arisen defilements: the defilements of sensual desire, desire to be reborn, and ignorance. These are the things to which they do not apply the mind but should.
तस्स अमनसिकरणीयानं धम्मानं मनसिकारा मनसिकरणीयानं धम्मानं अमनसिकारा अनुप्पन्ना चेव आसवा उप्पज्जन्ति उप्पन्ना च आसवा पवड्ढन्ति।
Tassa amanasikaraṇīyānaṁ dhammānaṁ manasikārā manasikaraṇīyānaṁ dhammānaṁ amanasikārā anuppannā ceva āsavā uppajjanti uppannā ca āsavā pavaḍḍhanti.
Because of applying the mind to what they should not and not applying the mind to what they should, unarisen defilements arise and arisen defilements grow.
सो एवं अयोनिसो मनसि करोति: ‘अहोसिं नु खो अहं अतीतमद्धानं? न नु खो अहोसिं अतीतमद्धानं? किं नु खो अहोसिं अतीतमद्धानं? कथं नु खो अहोसिं अतीतमद्धानं? किं हुत्वा किं अहोसिं नु खो अहं अतीतमद्धानं? भविस्सामि नु खो अहं अनागतमद्धानं? न नु खो भविस्सामि अनागतमद्धानं? किं नु खो भविस्सामि अनागतमद्धानं? कथं नु खो भविस्सामि अनागतमद्धानं? किं हुत्वा किं भविस्सामि नु खो अहं अनागतमद्धानन्ऽति? एतरहि वा पच्चुप्पन्नमद्धानं अज्झत्तं कथङ्कथी होति: ‘अहं नु खोस्मि? नो नु खोस्मि? किं नु खोस्मि? कथं नु खोस्मि? अयं नु खो सत्तो कुतो आगतो? सो कुहिं गामी भविस्सतीऽति?
So evaṁ ayoniso manasi karoti: ‘ahosiṁ nu kho ahaṁ atītamaddhānaṁ? Na nu kho ahosiṁ atītamaddhānaṁ? Kiṁ nu kho ahosiṁ atītamaddhānaṁ? Kathaṁ nu kho ahosiṁ atītamaddhānaṁ? Kiṁ hutvā kiṁ ahosiṁ nu kho ahaṁ atītamaddhānaṁ? Bhavissāmi nu kho ahaṁ anāgatamaddhānaṁ? Na nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ? Kiṁ nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ? Kathaṁ nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ? Kiṁ hutvā kiṁ bhavissāmi nu kho ahaṁ anāgatamaddhānan’ti? Etarahi vā paccuppannamaddhānaṁ ajjhattaṁ kathaṅkathī hoti: ‘ahaṁ nu khosmi? No nu khosmi? Kiṁ nu khosmi? Kathaṁ nu khosmi? Ayaṁ nu kho satto kuto āgato? So kuhiṁ gāmī bhavissatī’ti?
This is how they apply the mind irrationally: ‘Did I exist in the past? Did I not exist in the past? What was I in the past? How was I in the past? After being what, what did I become in the past? Will I exist in the future? Will I not exist in the future? What will I be in the future? How will I be in the future? After being what, what will I become in the future?’ Or they are undecided about the present thus: ‘Am I? Am I not? What am I? How am I? This sentient being—where did it come from? And where will it go?’
तस्स एवं अयोनिसो मनसिकरोतो छन्नं दिट्ठीनं अञ्ञतरा दिट्ठि उप्पज्जति। ‘अत्थि मे अत्ताऽति वा अस्स सच्चतो थेततो दिट्ठि उप्पज्जति; ‘नत्थि मे अत्ताऽति वा अस्स सच्चतो थेततो दिट्ठि उप्पज्जति; ‘अत्तनाव अत्तानं सञ्जानामीऽति वा अस्स सच्चतो थेततो दिट्ठि उप्पज्जति; ‘अत्तनाव अनत्तानं सञ्जानामीऽति वा अस्स सच्चतो थेततो दिट्ठि उप्पज्जति; ‘अनत्तनाव अत्तानं सञ्जानामीऽति वा अस्स सच्चतो थेततो दिट्ठि उप्पज्जति; अथ वा पनस्स एवं दिट्ठि होति: ‘यो मे अयं अत्ता वदो वेदेय्यो तत्र तत्र कल्याणपापकानं कम्मानं विपाकं पटिसंवेदेति सो खो पन मे अयं अत्ता निच्चो धुवो सस्सतो अविपरिणामधम्मो सस्सतिसमं तथेव ठस्सतीऽति। इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दिट्ठिगतं दिट्ठिगहनं दिट्ठिकन्तारं दिट्ठिविसूकं दिट्ठिविप्फन्दितं दिट्ठिसंयोजनं। दिट्ठिसंयोजनसंयुत्तो, भिक्खवे, अस्सुतवा पुथुज्जनो न परिमुच्चति जातिया जराय मरणेन सोकेहि परिदेवेहि दुक्खेहि दोमनस्सेहि उपायासेहि; ‘न परिमुच्चति दुक्खस्माऽति वदामि।
Tassa evaṁ ayoniso manasikaroto channaṁ diṭṭhīnaṁ aññatarā diṭṭhi uppajjati. ‘Atthi me attā’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘natthi me attā’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘attanāva attānaṁ sañjānāmī’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘attanāva anattānaṁ sañjānāmī’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘anattanāva attānaṁ sañjānāmī’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; atha vā panassa evaṁ diṭṭhi hoti: ‘yo me ayaṁ attā vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānaṁ kammānaṁ vipākaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti so kho pana me ayaṁ attā nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo sassatisamaṁ tatheva ṭhassatī’ti. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, diṭṭhigataṁ diṭṭhigahanaṁ diṭṭhikantāraṁ diṭṭhivisūkaṁ diṭṭhivipphanditaṁ diṭṭhisaṁyojanaṁ. Diṭṭhisaṁyojanasaṁyutto, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano na parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi; ‘na parimuccati dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.
When they apply the mind irrationally in this way, one of the following six views arises in them and is taken as a genuine fact. The view: ‘My self survives.’ The view: ‘My self does not survive.’ The view: ‘I perceive the self with the self.’ The view: ‘I perceive what is not-self with the self.’ The view: ‘I perceive the self with what is not-self.’ Or they have such a view: ‘This self of mine is he, the speaker, the knower who experiences the results of good and bad deeds in all the different realms. This self is permanent, everlasting, eternal, and imperishable, and will last forever and ever.’ This is called a misconception, the thicket of views, the desert of views, the twist of views, the dodge of views, the fetter of views. An unlearned ordinary person who is fettered by views is not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They’re not freed from suffering, I say.
सुतवा च खो, भिक्खवे, अरियसावको—अरियानं दस्सावी अरियधम्मस्स कोविदो अरियधम्मे सुविनीतो, सप्पुरिसानं दस्सावी सप्पुरिसधम्मस्स कोविदो सप्पुरिसधम्मे सुविनीतो—मनसिकरणीये धम्मे पजानाति अमनसिकरणीये धम्मे पजानाति। सो मनसिकरणीये धम्मे पजानन्तो अमनसिकरणीये धम्मे पजानन्तो ये धम्मा न मनसिकरणीया ते धम्मे न मनसि करोति, ये धम्मा मनसिकरणीया ते धम्मे मनसि करोति।
Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako—ariyānaṁ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto, sappurisānaṁ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto—manasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānāti amanasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānāti. So manasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānanto amanasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānanto ye dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā te dhamme na manasi karoti, ye dhammā manasikaraṇīyā te dhamme manasi karoti.
But take a learned noble disciple who has seen the noble ones, and is skilled and trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve seen good persons, and are skilled and trained in the teaching of the good persons. They understand to which things they should apply the mind and to which things they should not apply the mind. So they apply the mind to things they should and don’t apply the mind to things they shouldn’t.
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, धम्मा न मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे न मनसि करोति? यस्स, भिक्खवे, धम्मे मनसिकरोतो अनुप्पन्नो वा कामासवो उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा कामासवो पवड्ढति; अनुप्पन्नो वा भवासवो उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा भवासवो पवड्ढति; अनुप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो पवड्ढति—इमे धम्मा न मनसिकरणीया, ये धम्मे न मनसि करोति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme na manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pavaḍḍhati—ime dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā, ye dhamme na manasi karoti.
And what are the things to which they don’t apply the mind and should not? They are the things that, when the mind is applied to them, give rise to unarisen defilements and make arisen defilements grow: the defilements of sensual desire, desire to be reborn, and ignorance. These are the things to which they don’t apply the mind and should not.
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, धम्मा मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे मनसि करोति? यस्स, भिक्खवे, धम्मे मनसिकरोतो अनुप्पन्नो वा कामासवो न उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा कामासवो पहीयति; अनुप्पन्नो वा भवासवो न उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा भवासवो पहीयति; अनुप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो न उप्पज्जति, उप्पन्नो वा अविज्जासवो पहीयति—इमे धम्मा मनसिकरणीया ये धम्मे मनसि करोति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pahīyati—ime dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti.
And what are the things to which they do apply the mind and should? They are the things that, when the mind is applied to them, do not give rise to unarisen defilements and give up arisen defilements: the defilements of sensual desire, desire to be reborn, and ignorance. These are the things to which they do apply the mind and should.
तस्स अमनसिकरणीयानं धम्मानं अमनसिकारा मनसिकरणीयानं धम्मानं मनसिकारा अनुप्पन्ना चेव आसवा न उप्पज्जन्ति, उप्पन्ना च आसवा पहीयन्ति।
Tassa amanasikaraṇīyānaṁ dhammānaṁ amanasikārā manasikaraṇīyānaṁ dhammānaṁ manasikārā anuppannā ceva āsavā na uppajjanti, uppannā ca āsavā pahīyanti.
Because of not applying the mind to what they should not and applying the mind to what they should, unarisen defilements don’t arise and arisen defilements are given up.
सो ‘इदं दुक्खन्ऽति योनिसो मनसि करोति, ‘अयं दुक्खसमुदयोऽति योनिसो मनसि करोति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधोऽति योनिसो मनसि करोति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदाऽति योनिसो मनसि करोति। तस्स एवं योनिसो मनसिकरोतो तीणि संयोजनानि पहीयन्ति—सक्कायदिट्ठि, विचिकिच्छा, सीलब्बतपरामासो। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा दस्सना पहातब्बा।
So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yoniso manasi karoti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yoniso manasi karoti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yoniso manasi karoti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yoniso manasi karoti. Tassa evaṁ yoniso manasikaroto tīṇi saṁyojanāni pahīyanti—sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā dassanā pahātabbā.
They rationally apply the mind: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. And as they do so, they give up three fetters: identity view, doubt, and misapprehension of precepts and observances. These are called the defilements that should be given up by seeing.
२। संवरापहातब्बआसव
2. Saṁvarāpahātabbaāsava
2. Defilements Given Up by Restraint
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा संवरा पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पटिसङ्खा योनिसो चक्खुन्द्रियसंवरसंवुतो विहरति। यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, चक्खुन्द्रियसंवरं असंवुतस्स विहरतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, चक्खुन्द्रियसंवरं संवुतस्स विहरतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। पटिसङ्खा योनिसो सोतिन्द्रियसंवरसंवुतो विहरति …पे… घानिन्द्रियसंवरसंवुतो विहरति …पे… जिव्हिन्द्रियसंवरसंवुतो विहरति …पे… कायिन्द्रियसंवरसंवुतो विहरति …पे… मनिन्द्रियसंवरसंवुतो विहरति। यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, मनिन्द्रियसंवरं असंवुतस्स विहरतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, मनिन्द्रियसंवरं संवुतस्स विहरतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā saṁvarā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso cakkhundriyasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati. Yañhissa, bhikkhave, cakkhundriyasaṁvaraṁ asaṁvutassa viharato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, cakkhundriyasaṁvaraṁ saṁvutassa viharato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso sotindriyasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati …pe… ghānindriyasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati …pe… jivhindriyasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati …pe… kāyindriyasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati …pe… manindriyasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati. Yañhissa, bhikkhave, manindriyasaṁvaraṁ asaṁvutassa viharato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, manindriyasaṁvaraṁ saṁvutassa viharato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by restraint? Take a bhikkhu who, reflecting rationally, lives restraining the faculty of the eye. For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without restraint of the eye faculty do not arise when there is such restraint. Reflecting rationally, they live restraining the faculty of the ear … the nose … the tongue … the body … the mind. For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without restraint of the mind faculty do not arise when there is such restraint.
यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, संवरं असंवुतस्स विहरतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, संवरं संवुतस्स विहरतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा संवरा पहातब्बा।
Yañhissa, bhikkhave, saṁvaraṁ asaṁvutassa viharato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, saṁvaraṁ saṁvutassa viharato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā saṁvarā pahātabbā.
For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without restraint do not arise when there is such restraint. These are called the defilements that should be given up by restraint.
३। पटिसेवनापहातब्बआसव
3. Paṭisevanāpahātabbaāsava
3. Defilements Given Up by Using
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा पटिसेवना पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पटिसङ्खा योनिसो चीवरं पटिसेवति: ‘यावदेव सीतस्स पटिघाताय, उण्हस्स पटिघाताय, डंसमकसवातातपसरीसपसम्फस्सानं पटिघाताय, यावदेव हिरिकोपीनप्पटिच्छादनत्थंऽ।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso cīvaraṁ paṭisevati: ‘yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāya, uṇhassa paṭighātāya, ḍaṁsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṁ paṭighātāya, yāvadeva hirikopīnappaṭicchādanatthaṁ’.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by using? Take a bhikkhu who, reflecting rationally, makes use of robes: ‘Only for the sake of warding off cold and heat; for warding off the touch of flies, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and reptiles; and for covering up the private parts.’
पटिसङ्खा योनिसो पिण्डपातं पटिसेवति: ‘नेव दवाय, न मदाय, न मण्डनाय, न विभूसनाय, यावदेव इमस्स कायस्स ठितिया यापनाय, विहिंसूपरतिया, ब्रह्मचरियानुग्गहाय, इति पुराणञ्च वेदनं पटिहङ्खामि नवञ्च वेदनं न उप्पादेस्सामि, यात्रा च मे भविस्सति अनवज्जता च फासुविहारो चऽ।
Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso piṇḍapātaṁ paṭisevati: ‘neva davāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya, vihiṁsūparatiyā, brahmacariyānuggahāya, iti purāṇañca1 vedanaṁ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañca vedanaṁ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro ca’.
Reflecting rationally, they make use of almsfood: ‘Not for fun, indulgence, adornment, or decoration, but only to sustain this body, to avoid harm, and to support spiritual practice. In this way, I shall put an end to old discomfort and not give rise to new discomfort, and I will live blamelessly and at ease.’
पटिसङ्खा योनिसो सेनासनं पटिसेवति: ‘यावदेव सीतस्स पटिघाताय, उण्हस्स पटिघाताय, डंसमकसवातातपसरीसपसम्फस्सानं पटिघाताय, यावदेव उतुपरिस्सयविनोदनपटिसल्लानारामत्थंऽ।
Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso senāsanaṁ paṭisevati: ‘yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāya, uṇhassa paṭighātāya, ḍaṁsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṁ paṭighātāya, yāvadeva utuparissayavinodanapaṭisallānārāmatthaṁ’.
Reflecting rationally, they make use of lodgings: ‘Only for the sake of warding off cold and heat; for warding off the touch of flies, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and reptiles; to shelter from harsh weather and to enjoy retreat.’
पटिसङ्खा योनिसो गिलानप्पच्चयभेसज्जपरिक्खारं पटिसेवति: ‘यावदेव उप्पन्नानं वेय्याबाधिकानं वेदनानं पटिघाताय, अब्याबज्झपरमतायऽ।
Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṁ paṭisevati: ‘yāvadeva uppannānaṁ veyyābādhikānaṁ vedanānaṁ paṭighātāya, abyābajjhaparamatāya’.
Reflecting rationally, they make use of medicines and supplies for the sick: ‘Only for the sake of warding off the pains of illness and to promote good health.’
यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, अप्पटिसेवतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, पटिसेवतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा पटिसेवना पहातब्बा।
Yañhissa, bhikkhave, appaṭisevato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, paṭisevato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā.
For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without using these things do not arise when they are used. These are called the defilements that should be given up by using.
४। अधिवासनापहातब्बआसव
4. Adhivāsanāpahātabbaāsava
4. Defilements Given Up by Enduring
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा अधिवासना पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पटिसङ्खा योनिसो खमो होति सीतस्स उण्हस्स, जिघच्छाय पिपासाय। डंसमकसवातातपसरीसपसम्फस्सानं, दुरुत्तानं दुरागतानं वचनपथानं, उप्पन्नानं सारीरिकानं वेदनानं दुक्खानं तिब्बानं खरानं कटुकानं असातानं अमनापानं पाणहरानं अधिवासकजातिको होति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa, jighacchāya pipāsāya. Ḍaṁsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṁ, duruttānaṁ durāgatānaṁ vacanapathānaṁ, uppannānaṁ sārīrikānaṁ vedanānaṁ dukkhānaṁ tibbānaṁ2 kharānaṁ kaṭukānaṁ asātānaṁ amanāpānaṁ pāṇaharānaṁ adhivāsakajātiko hoti.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by enduring? Take a bhikkhu who, reflecting rationally, endures cold, heat, hunger, and thirst. They endure the touch of flies, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and reptiles. They endure rude and unwelcome criticism. And they put up with physical pain—sharp, severe, acute, unpleasant, disagreeable, and life-threatening.
यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, अनधिवासयतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, अधिवासयतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा अधिवासना पहातब्बा।
Yañhissa, bhikkhave, anadhivāsayato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, adhivāsayato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā.
For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without enduring these things do not arise when they are endured. These are called the defilements that should be given up by enduring.
५। परिवज्जनापहातब्बआसव
5. Parivajjanāpahātabbaāsava
5. Defilements Given Up by Avoiding
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा परिवज्जना पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पटिसङ्खा योनिसो चण्डं हत्थिं परिवज्जेति, चण्डं अस्सं परिवज्जेति, चण्डं गोणं परिवज्जेति, चण्डं कुक्कुरं परिवज्जेति, अहिं खाणुं कण्टकट्ठानं सोब्भं पपातं चन्दनिकं ओळिगल्लं। यथारूपे अनासने निसिन्नं यथारूपे अगोचरे चरन्तं यथारूपे पापके मित्ते भजन्तं विञ्ञू सब्रह्मचारी पापकेसु ठानेसु ओकप्पेय्युं, सो तञ्च अनासनं तञ्च अगोचरं ते च पापके मित्ते पटिसङ्खा योनिसो परिवज्जेति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso caṇḍaṁ hatthiṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ assaṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ goṇaṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ kukkuraṁ parivajjeti, ahiṁ khāṇuṁ kaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṁ sobbhaṁ papātaṁ candanikaṁ oḷigallaṁ. Yathārūpe anāsane nisinnaṁ yathārūpe agocare carantaṁ yathārūpe pāpake mitte bhajantaṁ viññū sabrahmacārī pāpakesu ṭhānesu okappeyyuṁ, so tañca anāsanaṁ tañca agocaraṁ te ca pāpake mitte paṭisaṅkhā yoniso parivajjeti.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by avoiding? Take a bhikkhu who, reflecting rationally, avoids a wild elephant, a wild horse, a wild ox, a wild dog, a snake, a stump, thorny ground, a pit, a cliff, a swamp, and a sewer. Reflecting rationally, they avoid sitting on inappropriate seats, walking in inappropriate neighborhoods, and mixing with bad friends—whatever sensible spiritual companions would believe to be a bad setting.
यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, अपरिवज्जयतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, परिवज्जयतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा परिवज्जना पहातब्बा।
Yañhissa, bhikkhave, aparivajjayato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, parivajjayato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā.
For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without avoiding these things do not arise when they are avoided. These are called the defilements that should be given up by avoiding.
६। विनोदनापहातब्बआसव
6. Vinodanāpahātabbaāsava
6. Defilements Given Up by Dispelling
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा विनोदना पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पटिसङ्खा योनिसो उप्पन्नं कामवितक्कं नाधिवासेति पजहति विनोदेति ब्यन्तीकरोति अनभावं गमेति, उप्पन्नं ब्यापादवितक्कं …पे… उप्पन्नं विहिंसावितक्कं …पे… उप्पन्नुप्पन्ने पापके अकुसले धम्मे नाधिवासेति पजहति विनोदेति ब्यन्तीकरोति अनभावं गमेति।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe… uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ …pe… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by dispelling? Take a bhikkhu who, reflecting rationally, doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen, but gives it up, gets rid of it, eliminates it, and obliterates it. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.
यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, अविनोदयतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, विनोदयतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा विनोदना पहातब्बा।
Yañhissa, bhikkhave, avinodayato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, vinodayato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā.
For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without dispelling these things do not arise when they are dispelled. These are called the defilements that should be given up by dispelling.
७। भावनापहातब्बआसव
7. Bhāvanāpahātabbaāsava
7. Defilements Given Up by Developing
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, आसवा भावना पहातब्बा? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु पटिसङ्खा योनिसो सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति विवेकनिस्सितं विरागनिस्सितं निरोधनिस्सितं वोस्सग्गपरिणामिं; पटिसङ्खा योनिसो धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति …पे… वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति … पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति … पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति … समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति … उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गं भावेति विवेकनिस्सितं विरागनिस्सितं निरोधनिस्सितं वोस्सग्गपरिणामिं।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso satisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ; paṭisaṅkhā yoniso dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …pe… vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti … pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti … passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti … samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti … upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ.
And what are the defilements that should be given up by developing? It’s when a bhikkhu, reflecting rationally, develops the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity, which rely on seclusion, fading away, and cessation, and ripen as letting go.
यञ्हिस्स, भिक्खवे, अभावयतो उप्पज्जेय्युं आसवा विघातपरिळाहा, भावयतो एवंस ते आसवा विघातपरिळाहा न होन्ति। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, आसवा भावना पहातब्बा।
Yañhissa, bhikkhave, abhāvayato uppajjeyyuṁ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, bhāvayato evaṁsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā.
For the distressing and feverish defilements that might arise in someone who lives without developing these things do not arise when they are developed. These are called the defilements that should be given up by developing.
यतो खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो ये आसवा दस्सना पहातब्बा ते दस्सना पहीना होन्ति, ये आसवा संवरा पहातब्बा ते संवरा पहीना होन्ति, ये आसवा पटिसेवना पहातब्बा ते पटिसेवना पहीना होन्ति, ये आसवा अधिवासना पहातब्बा ते अधिवासना पहीना होन्ति, ये आसवा परिवज्जना पहातब्बा ते परिवज्जना पहीना होन्ति, ये आसवा विनोदना पहातब्बा ते विनोदना पहीना होन्ति, ये आसवा भावना पहातब्बा ते भावना पहीना होन्ति; अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे: ‘भिक्खु सब्बासवसंवरसंवुतो विहरति, अच्छेच्छि तण्हं, विवत्तयि संयोजनं, सम्मा मानाभिसमया अन्तमकासि दुक्खस्साऽ”ति।
Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ye āsavā dassanā pahātabbā te dassanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā saṁvarā pahātabbā te saṁvarā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā te paṭisevanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā te adhivāsanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā te parivajjanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā te vinodanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā te bhāvanā pahīnā honti; ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave: ‘bhikkhu sabbāsavasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati, acchecchi3 taṇhaṁ, vivattayi saṁyojanaṁ, sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’”ti.
Now, take a bhikkhu who, by seeing, has given up the defilements that should be given up by seeing. By restraint, they’ve given up the defilements that should be given up by restraint. By using, they’ve given up the defilements that should be given up by using. By enduring, they’ve given up the defilements that should be given up by enduring. By avoiding, they’ve given up the defilements that should be given up by avoiding. By dispelling, they’ve given up the defilements that should be given up by dispelling. By developing, they’ve given up the defilements that should be given up by developing. They’re called a bhikkhu who lives having restrained all defilements, who has cut off craving, untied the fetters, and by rightly comprehending conceit has made an end of suffering.”
इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमना ते भिक्खू भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दुन्ति।
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the bhikkhus approved what the Buddha said.
सब्बासवसुत्तं निट्ठितं दुतियं।
Sabbāsavasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dutiyaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Majjhima Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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