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SOMATIC CELL
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells; a cell that does not participate in the production of gametes
Example:
somatic cells are produced from preexisting cells
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("somatic cell" is a kind of...):
cell ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "somatic cell"):
skin cell (any of the cells making up the skin)
epithelial cell (one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium)
neoplastic cell (a cell that is part of tumor)
bone cell (a cell that is part of a bone)
blood cell; blood corpuscle; corpuscle (either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets)
phagocyte; scavenger cell (a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms)
visual cell (one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light)
adipose cell; fat cell (cells composed of fat)
muscle cell; muscle fiber; muscle fibre (an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body)
Schwann cell (any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath)
nerve cell; neuron (a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses)
glial cell; neurogliacyte; neuroglial cell (a cell of the neuroglia)
hybridoma (a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody)
labrocyte; mast cell; mastocyte (a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation)
stem cell (an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells))
target cell (any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.)
Context examples:
The term clone may also be used to refer to an animal produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or parthenogenesis.
(Clone, The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin)
Meiosis Inhibition involves interference with, or restraint of, the activities involved in the special method of cell division, occurring in maturation of the germ cells, by which each daughter nucleus receives half the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species.
(Negative Regulation of Meiosis, NCI Thesaurus)
See also somatic cell.
(Gamete, The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin)
Gene therapies are designed to deliver genetic material into somatic cells and not germ cells, so that only cells of patients and not those of their offspring contain and express the genetic material delivered.
(Gene therapy, NCI Thesaurus)
The BMVC/G-quadruplex complexes also interfere with the activity of telomerase, which is highly active in tumor cells and plays a key role in tumorigenesis while expressed at very low levels in most somatic cells.
(G-Quadruplex Stabilizer BMVC, NCI Thesaurus)
Information from provider and not independently verified by NIH: Cells are positive for cell markers Oct-4, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, GCTM-2, and alkaline phosphatase activity; Cells are negative for cell marker SSEA-1; Give rise to teratomas containing derivatives of three germ layers in SCID mice; Differentiate in vitro into extraembryonic and somatic cell lineages; Neural progenitor cells may be isolated from differentiating ES cell cultures and induced to form mature neurons; Available for distribution.
(ES01, NCI Thesaurus)
A cell division process consisting of a complex series of events or phases (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) by means of which two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the chromosomes and DNA content characteristic of the original somatic cells of the species.
(Nuclear Division, NCI Thesaurus)
Cytogenetics Shared Resource provides Cancer Center members with support in following areas: routine cytogenetic (such as giemsa (G)-banding on fibroblast, lymphoblast or somatic cell hybrid lines to determine karyotypes, etc.), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for clarification of karyotypes, and SKY (spectral karyotyping), to analyze chromosomal changes, microsatellite analysis of tumors for loss of heterozygosity, mutation analysis of tumors, chimerism studies of bone marrow transplants; maintenance of cell lines and lymphocytes.
(Cytogenetics Shared Resource, NCI Thesaurus)
Although somatic cell nuclear transfer was used successfully in amphibians as early as 1952, getting it to work in mammals took much longer.
(Healthy cloned monkeys born in Shanghai, Wikinews)
In somatic cell nuclear transfer, scientists remove the nucleus, which is the organelle that contains the chromosomes, from an unfertilized ovum, or egg cell, and implant the nucleus from a somatic cell, or non-reproductive cell, into that ovum.
(Healthy cloned monkeys born in Shanghai, Wikinews)
