| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Majjhima Nikāya, English translation |
मज्झिम निकाय २३
Majjhima Nikāya 23
The Middle-Length Suttas Collection 23
वम्मिकसुत्त
Vammikasutta
The Ant-Hill
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा सावत्थियं विहरति जेतवने अनाथपिण्डिकस्स आरामे। तेन खो पन समयेन आयस्मा कुमारकस्सपो अन्धवने विहरति।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā kumārakassapo andhavane viharati.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Now at that time Venerable Kassapa the Prince was staying in the Dark Forest.
अथ खो अञ्ञतरा देवता अभिक्कन्ताय रत्तिया अभिक्कन्तवण्णा केवलकप्पं अन्धवनं ओभासेत्वा येनायस्मा कुमारकस्सपो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा एकमन्तं अट्ठासि। एकमन्तं ठिता खो सा देवता आयस्मन्तं कुमारकस्सपं एतदवोच:
Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṁ andhavanaṁ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā kumārakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho sā devatā āyasmantaṁ kumārakassapaṁ etadavoca:
Then, late at night, a glorious deity, lighting up the entire Dark Forest, went up to Kassapa the Prince, stood to one side, and said:
“भिक्खु भिक्खु, अयं वम्मिको रत्तिं धूमायति, दिवा पज्जलति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
“Bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṁ vammiko1 rattiṁ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
“Monk, monk! This ant-hill fumes by night and flames by day. The brahmin said, ‘Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस लङ्गिं ‘लङ्गी, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप लङ्गिं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa laṅgiṁ ‘laṅgī, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa laṅgiṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a bar: ‘A bar, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the bar! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस उद्धुमायिकं। ‘उद्धुमायिका, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप उद्धुमायिकं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa uddhumāyikaṁ. ‘Uddhumāyikā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a bullfrog: ‘A bullfrog, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the bullfrog! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस द्विधापथं। ‘द्विधापथो, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप द्विधापथं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa dvidhāpathaṁ. ‘Dvidhāpatho, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a forked path: ‘A forked path, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the forked path! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस चङ्गवारं। ‘चङ्गवारो, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप चङ्गवारं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa caṅgavāraṁ. ‘Caṅgavāro, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa caṅgavāraṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a box: ‘A box, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the box! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस कुम्मं। ‘कुम्मो, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप कुम्मं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa kummaṁ. ‘Kummo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa kummaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a tortoise: ‘A tortoise, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the tortoise! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस असिसूनं। ‘असिसूना, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप असिसूनं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa asisūnaṁ. ‘Asisūnā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa asisūnaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw an axe and block: ‘An axe and block, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the axe and block! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस मंसपेसिं। ‘मंसपेसि, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘उक्खिप मंसपेसिं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa maṁsapesiṁ. ‘Maṁsapesi, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘ukkhipa maṁsapesiṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a lump of meat: ‘A lump of meat, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Throw out the lump of meat! Take up the sword and dig, O sage!’
अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय अद्दस नागं। ‘नागो, भदन्तेऽति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: ‘तिट्ठतु नागो, मा नागं घट्टेसि; नमो करोहि नागस्साऽति।
Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya addasa nāgaṁ. ‘Nāgo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṁ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassā’ti.
Taking up the sword and digging, the sage saw a dragon: ‘A dragon, sir!’ The brahmin said, ‘Leave the dragon! Do not disturb the dragon! Worship the dragon!’
इमे खो त्वं, भिक्खु, पञ्हे भगवन्तं उपसङ्कमित्वा पुच्छेय्यासि, यथा च ते भगवा ब्याकरोति तथा नं धारेय्यासि। नाहं तं, भिक्खु, पस्सामि सदेवके लोके समारके सब्रह्मके सस्समणब्राह्मणिया पजाय सदेवमनुस्साय, यो इमेसं पञ्हानं वेय्याकरणेन चित्तं आराधेय्य अञ्ञत्र तथागतेन वा, तथागतसावकेन वा, इतो वा पन सुत्वा”ति—
Ime kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, pañhe bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamitvā puccheyyāsi, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṁ dhāreyyāsi. Nāhaṁ taṁ, bhikkhu, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo imesaṁ pañhānaṁ veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ ārādheyya aññatra tathāgatena vā, tathāgatasāvakena vā, ito vā pana sutvā”ti—
Bhikkhu, go to the Buddha and ask him about this riddle. You should remember it in line with his answer. I don’t see anyone in this world—with its gods, Māras, and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, its gods and humans—who could provide a satisfying answer to this riddle except for the Realized One or his disciple or someone who has heard it from them.”
इदमवोच सा देवता। इदं वत्वा तत्थेवन्तरधायि।
Idamavoca sā devatā. Idaṁ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
That is what that deity said before vanishing right there.
अथ खो आयस्मा कुमारकस्सपो तस्सा रत्तिया अच्चयेन येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नो खो आयस्मा कुमारकस्सपो भगवन्तं एतदवोच: “इमं, भन्ते, रत्तिं अञ्ञतरा देवता अभिक्कन्ताय रत्तिया अभिक्कन्तवण्णा केवलकप्पं अन्धवनं ओभासेत्वा येनाहं तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा एकमन्तं अट्ठासि। एकमन्तं ठिता खो, भन्ते, सा देवता मं एतदवोच: ‘भिक्खु भिक्खु, अयं वम्मिको रत्तिं धूमायति, दिवा पज्जलति। ब्राह्मणो एवमाह: “अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदाया”ति। अभिक्खणन्तो सुमेधो सत्थं आदाय …पे… इतो वा पन सुत्वाऽति।
Atha kho āyasmā kumārakassapo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “imaṁ, bhante, rattiṁ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṁ andhavanaṁ obhāsetvā yenāhaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho, bhante, sā devatā maṁ etadavoca: ‘bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṁ vammiko rattiṁ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati. Brāhmaṇo evamāha: “abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyā”ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṁ ādāya …pe… ito vā pana sutvā’ti.
Then, when the night had passed, Kassapa the Prince went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and told him what had happened. Then he asked:
इदमवोच, भन्ते, सा देवता। इदं वत्वा तत्थेवन्तरधायि। को नु खो, भन्ते, वम्मिको, का रत्तिं धूमायना, का दिवा पज्जलना, को ब्राह्मणो, को सुमेधो, किं सत्थं, किं अभिक्खणं, का लङ्गी, का उद्धुमायिका, को द्विधापथो, किं चङ्गवारं, को कुम्मो, का असिसूना, का मंसपेसि, को नागो”ति?
Idamavoca, bhante, sā devatā. Idaṁ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi. Ko nu kho, bhante, vammiko, kā rattiṁ dhūmāyanā, kā divā pajjalanā, ko brāhmaṇo, ko sumedho, kiṁ satthaṁ, kiṁ abhikkhaṇaṁ, kā laṅgī, kā uddhumāyikā, ko dvidhāpatho, kiṁ caṅgavāraṁ, ko kummo, kā asisūnā, kā maṁsapesi, ko nāgo”ti?
“Sir, what is the ant-hill? What is the fuming by night and flaming by day? Who is the brahmin, and who the sage? What are the sword, the digging, the bar, the bullfrog, the forked path, the box, the tortoise, the axe and block, and the lump of meat? And what is the dragon?”
“‘वम्मिकोऽति खो, भिक्खु, इमस्सेतं चातुमहाभूतिकस्स कायस्स अधिवचनं, मातापेत्तिकसम्भवस्स ओदनकुम्मासूपचयस्स अनिच्चुच्छादनपरिमद्दनभेदनविद्धंसनधम्मस्स।
“‘Vammiko’ti kho, bhikkhu, imassetaṁ cātumahābhūtikassa kāyassa adhivacanaṁ, mātāpettikasambhavassa odanakummāsūpacayassa aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṁsanadhammassa.
“Bhikkhu, ‘ant-hill’ is a term for this body made up of the four primary elements, produced by mother and father, built up from rice and porridge, liable to impermanence, to wearing away and erosion, to breaking up and destruction.
यं खो, भिक्खु, दिवा कम्मन्ते आरब्भ रत्तिं अनुवितक्केति अनुविचारेति—अयं रत्तिं धूमायना। यं खो, भिक्खु, रत्तिं अनुवितक्केत्वा अनुविचारेत्वा दिवा कम्मन्ते पयोजेति कायेन वाचाय मनसा—अयं दिवा पज्जलना।
Yaṁ kho, bhikkhu, divā kammante ārabbha rattiṁ anuvitakketi anuvicāreti—ayaṁ rattiṁ dhūmāyanā. Yaṁ kho, bhikkhu, rattiṁ anuvitakketvā anuvicāretvā divā kammante payojeti kāyena vācāya ‘manasā’—ayaṁ divā pajjalanā.
Thinking and considering all night about what you did during the day—this is the fuming at night. The work you apply yourself to during the day by body, speech, and mind after thinking about it all night—this is the flaming by day.
‘ब्राह्मणोऽति खो, भिक्खु, तथागतस्सेतं अधिवचनं अरहतो सम्मासम्बुद्धस्स। ‘सुमेधोऽति खो, भिक्खु, सेक्खस्सेतं भिक्खुनो अधिवचनं।
‘Brāhmaṇo’ti kho, bhikkhu, tathāgatassetaṁ adhivacanaṁ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. ‘Sumedho’ti kho, bhikkhu, sekkhassetaṁ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṁ.
‘Brahmin’ is a term for the Realized One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha. ‘Sage’ is a term for the trainee bhikkhu.
‘सत्थन्ऽति खो, भिक्खु, अरियायेतं पञ्ञाय अधिवचनं। ‘अभिक्खणन्ऽति खो, भिक्खु, वीरियारम्भस्सेतं अधिवचनं।
‘Satthan’ti kho, bhikkhu, ariyāyetaṁ paññāya adhivacanaṁ. ‘Abhikkhaṇan’ti kho, bhikkhu, vīriyārambhassetaṁ adhivacanaṁ.
‘Sword’ is a term for noble wisdom. ‘Digging’ is a term for being energetic.
‘लङ्गीऽति खो, भिक्खु, अविज्जायेतं अधिवचनं। उक्खिप लङ्गिं, पजह अविज्जं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Laṅgī’ti kho, bhikkhu, avijjāyetaṁ adhivacanaṁ. Ukkhipa laṅgiṁ, pajaha avijjaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘Bar’ is a term for ignorance. ‘Throw out the bar’ means ‘give up ignorance, take up the sword, sage, and dig.’
‘उद्धुमायिकाऽति खो, भिक्खु, कोधूपायासस्सेतं अधिवचनं। उक्खिप उद्धुमायिकं, पजह कोधूपायासं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Uddhumāyikā’ti kho, bhikkhu, kodhūpāyāsassetaṁ adhivacanaṁ. Ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṁ, pajaha kodhūpāyāsaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘Bullfrog’ is a term for anger and distress. ‘Throw out the bullfrog’ means ‘give up anger and distress’ …
‘द्विधापथोऽति खो, भिक्खु, विचिकिच्छायेतं अधिवचनं। उक्खिप द्विधापथं, पजह विचिकिच्छं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Dvidhāpatho’ti kho, bhikkhu, vicikicchāyetaṁ adhivacanaṁ. Ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṁ, pajaha vicikicchaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘A forked path’ is a term for doubt. ‘Throw out the forked path’ means ‘give up doubt’ …
‘चङ्गवारन्ऽति खो, भिक्खु, पञ्चन्नेतं नीवरणानं अधिवचनं, सेय्यथिदं—कामच्छन्दनीवरणस्स, ब्यापादनीवरणस्स, थिनमिद्धनीवरणस्स, उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चनीवरणस्स, विचिकिच्छानीवरणस्स। उक्खिप चङ्गवारं, पजह पञ्च नीवरणे; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Caṅgavāran’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṁ nīvaraṇānaṁ adhivacanaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa, byāpādanīvaraṇassa, thinamiddhanīvaraṇassa, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇassa, vicikicchānīvaraṇassa. Ukkhipa caṅgavāraṁ, pajaha pañca nīvaraṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘Box’ is a term for the five hindrances, that is: the hindrances of sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt. ‘Throw out the box’ means ‘give up the five hindrances’ …
‘कुम्मोऽति खो, भिक्खु, पञ्चन्नेतं उपादानक्खन्धानं अधिवचनं, सेय्यथिदं—रूपुपादानक्खन्धस्स, वेदनुपादानक्खन्धस्स, सञ्ञुपादानक्खन्धस्स, सङ्खारुपादानक्खन्धस्स, विञ्ञाणुपादानक्खन्धस्स। उक्खिप कुम्मं, पजह पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धे; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Kummo’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṁ upādānakkhandhānaṁ adhivacanaṁ, seyyathidaṁ—rūpupādānakkhandhassa, vedanupādānakkhandhassa, saññupādānakkhandhassa, saṅkhārupādānakkhandhassa, viññāṇupādānakkhandhassa. Ukkhipa kummaṁ, pajaha pañcupādānakkhandhe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘Tortoise’ is a term for the five grasping aggregates, that is: form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness. ‘Throw out the tortoise’ means ‘give up the five grasping aggregates’ …
‘असिसूनाऽति खो, भिक्खु, पञ्चन्नेतं कामगुणानं अधिवचनं—चक्खुविञ्ञेय्यानं रूपानं इट्ठानं कन्तानं मनापानं पियरूपानं कामूपसंहितानं रजनीयानं, सोतविञ्ञेय्यानं सद्दानं …पे… घानविञ्ञेय्यानं गन्धानं …पे… जिव्हाविञ्ञेय्यानं रसानं …पे… कायविञ्ञेय्यानं फोट्ठब्बानं इट्ठानं कन्तानं मनापानं पियरूपानं कामूपसंहितानं रजनीयानं। उक्खिप असिसूनं, पजह पञ्च कामगुणे; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Asisūnā’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṁ kāmaguṇānaṁ adhivacanaṁ—cakkhuviññeyyānaṁ rūpānaṁ iṭṭhānaṁ kantānaṁ manāpānaṁ piyarūpānaṁ kāmūpasaṁhitānaṁ rajanīyānaṁ, sotaviññeyyānaṁ saddānaṁ …pe… ghānaviññeyyānaṁ gandhānaṁ …pe… jivhāviññeyyānaṁ rasānaṁ …pe… kāyaviññeyyānaṁ phoṭṭhabbānaṁ iṭṭhānaṁ kantānaṁ manāpānaṁ piyarūpānaṁ kāmūpasaṁhitānaṁ rajanīyānaṁ. Ukkhipa asisūnaṁ, pajaha pañca kāmaguṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘Axe and block’ is a term for the five kinds of sensual stimulation. Sights known by the eye that are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. Sounds known by the ear … Smells known by the nose … Tastes known by the tongue … Touches known by the body that are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing. ‘Throw out the axe and block’ means ‘give up the five kinds of sensual stimulation’ …
‘मंसपेसीऽति खो, भिक्खु, नन्दीरागस्सेतं अधिवचनं। उक्खिप मंसपेसिं, पजह नन्दीरागं; अभिक्खण, सुमेध, सत्थं आदायाति अयमेतस्स अत्थो।
‘Maṁsapesī’ti kho, bhikkhu, nandīrāgassetaṁ adhivacanaṁ. Ukkhipa maṁsapesiṁ, pajaha nandīrāgaṁ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṁ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
‘Lump of meat’ is a term for greed and relishing. ‘Throw out the lump of meat’ means ‘give up greed and relishing’ …
‘नागोऽति खो, भिक्खु, खीणासवस्सेतं भिक्खुनो अधिवचनं। तिट्ठतु नागो, मा नागं घट्टेसि; नमो करोहि नागस्साति अयमेतस्स अत्थो”ति।
‘Nāgo’ti kho, bhikkhu, khīṇāsavassetaṁ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṁ. Tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṁ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassāti ayametassa attho”ti.
‘Dragon’ is a term for a bhikkhu who has ended the defilements. This is the meaning of: ‘Leave the dragon! Do not disturb the dragon! Worship the dragon.’”
इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमनो आयस्मा कुमारकस्सपो भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दीति।
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandīti.
That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, Venerable Kassapa the Prince was happy with what the Buddha said.
वम्मिकसुत्तं निट्ठितं ततियं।
Vammikasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Majjhima Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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